Abstract: A memory system and a method of operating the memory system are provided. The memory system may determine, on a determination that the memory system enters thermal throttling mode, a target status read check period based on threshold voltage distribution offset for the target memory die, and set a timer to transmit a status read command for the target memory die to the memory device based on the target status read check period.

Abstract: A data storage device may include a storage including a plurality of storage regions each composed of a plurality of pages; and a controller. The controller is configured to select a plurality of target open regions from open regions among the storage regions on the basis of health information of the open regions, in each of which a programmed page and an unprogrammed page coexist, and perform control so that refresh operations for the respective target open regions are performed in a time-distributed manner.

Abstract: A polyimide copolymer according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes a plurality of structural units. The plurality of structural units include a structural unit derived from dianhydride having an alicyclic structure and a structural unit derived from aromatic diamine including an ether group, thereby mechanical properties, thermal stability and optical characteristics of the polyimide film may be improved.

Abstract: A method for operating a memory system includes: performing a read operation in response to a first tag; performing a read operation in response to a second tag; performing a defense code operation corresponding to the first tag; performing an error correction code (KC) operation on data output through the defense code operation corresponding to the first tag; and performing a defense code operation corresponding to the second tag, wherein the read operation in response to the second tag is started before the ECC operation corresponding to the first tag is completed, and wherein the defense code operation corresponding to the second tag is performed using a result of the defense code operation corresponding to the first tag.

Abstract: A SLA 3D printer according to the present disclosure includes: a plurality of molding plates; at least one molding plate mover configured to control movement of the plurality of molding plates; at least one resin container in which the plurality of molding plates and photocurable liquid resin are accommodated; a light source configured to cure the liquid resin; and an optical path changer configured to change an optical path, wherein, when one of the plurality of molding plates is being moved by the at least one molding plate mover, the optical path changer changes the optical path so that another molding plate that is not being moved is irradiated with light from the light source.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a washing machine that includes a tub disposed in a main body of the washing machine to store water. A circulation apparatus includes a circulation pump operable to circulate the water in and out of the tub. A detergent supply apparatus is coupled to the circulation apparatus to discharge detergent to the circulation apparatus so that operation of the circulation pump causes the discharged detergent to be supplied to the tub.

Abstract: A memory controller having improved wear-leveling performance controls a memory device including a plurality of memory blocks. The memory controller includes a read operation controller, a cell state determiner, and a read reclaim controller. The read operation controller controls the memory device to read selected memory cells of a first block among the plurality of memory blocks by using at least one reference voltage. The cell state determiner compares a number of memory cells among the selected memory cells that are read as first memory cell with a reference number corresponding to the at least one reference voltage, and generates cell state information indicating a memory cell degradation degree corresponding to at least one state. The read claim controller controls the memory device to copy data stored in the first block to a second block, based on a comparison between the memory cell degradation degree with a threshold degradation degree.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a washing machine that includes a tub disposed in a main body of the washing machine to store water. A circulation apparatus includes a circulation pump operable to circulate the water in and out of the tub. A detergent supply apparatus is coupled to the circulation apparatus to discharge detergent to the circulation apparatus so that operation of the circulation pump causes the discharged detergent to be supplied to the tub.

Abstract: A memory controller having improved read performance controls a memory device including a plurality of memory cells. The memory controller includes a read operation controller, a history bias storage, and a read voltage setting circuit. The read operation controller read data stored selected memory cells among the plurality of memory cells. The history bias storage stores a plurality of history mean biases, which are mean biases of a plurality of threshold voltage distributions that the plurality of memory cells have, and a plurality of reference cell count values respectively corresponding to the plurality of threshold voltage distributions.

Abstract: In a memory controller configured to control a memory device including a plurality of memory blocks, the memory controller comprising: a memory interface configured to exchange data with the memory device; and a pre-program controller configured to perform a read operation on a last page of a program sequence for a plurality of pages in an erase target memory block when the memory device is in an idle state, and perform a pre-program operation on the erase target memory block according to the result obtained by performing the read operation, wherein the erase target memory block is a memory block on which an erase operation is to be performed among the plurality of memory blocks, and wherein the erase operation on the erase target memory block is performed after the pre-program operation is performed.

Abstract: A memory controller having improved read performance controls a memory device including a plurality of memory cells. The memory controller includes a read operation controller, a history bias storage, and a read voltage setting circuit. The read operation controller read data stored selected memory cells among the plurality of memory cells. The history bias storage stores a plurality of history mean biases, which are mean biases of a plurality of threshold voltage distributions that the plurality of memory cells have, and a plurality of reference cell count values respectively corresponding to the plurality of threshold voltage distributions.

Abstract: A memory controller having improved wear-leveling performance controls a memory device including a plurality of memory blocks. The memory controller includes a read operation controller, a cell state determiner, and a read reclaim controller. The read operation controller controls the memory device to read selected memory cells of a first block among the plurality of memory blocks by using at least one reference voltage. The cell state determiner compares a number of memory cells among the selected memory cells that are read as first memory cell with a reference number corresponding to the at least one reference voltage, and generates cell state information indicating a memory cell degradation degree corresponding to at least one state. The read claim controller controls the memory device to copy data stored in the first block to a second block, based on a comparison between the memory cell degradation degree with a threshold degradation degree.

Abstract: A method for operating a memory system includes: performing a read operation in response to a first tag; performing a read operation in response to a second tag; performing a defense code operation corresponding to the first tag; performing an error correction code (KC) operation on data output through the defense code operation corresponding to the first tag; and performing a defense code operation corresponding to the second tag, wherein the read operation in response to the second tag is started before the ECC operation corresponding to the first tag is completed, and wherein the defense code operation corresponding to the second tag is performed using a result of the defense code operation corresponding to the first tag.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a washing machine capable of improving an external shape by locating a detergent supply apparatus on a bottom inside a body. The washing machine includes a body with an opening portion formed in a front surface thereof, a door provided to open and close the opening portion of the body, a door guide provided on the opening portion, and a detergent supply apparatus which includes a detergent box provided on a bottom of the door guide to be withdrawable toward a center of the opening portion and a detergent supply pump provided to discharge a detergent in the detergent box.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a washing machine that includes a tub disposed in a main body of the washing machine to store water. A circulation apparatus includes a circulation pump operable to circulate the water in and out of the tub. A detergent supply apparatus is coupled to the circulation apparatus to discharge detergent to the circulation apparatus so that operation of the circulation pump causes the discharged detergent to be supplied to the tub.

Abstract: A method for operating a memory system includes: performing a read operation in response to a first tag; performing a read operation in response to a second tag; performing a defense code operation corresponding to the first tag; performing an error correction code (ECC) operation on data output through the defense code operation corresponding to the first tag; and performing a defense code operation corresponding to the second tag, wherein the read operation in response to the second tag is started before the ECC operation corresponding to the first tag is completed, and wherein the defense code operation corresponding to the second tag is performed using a result of the defense code operation corresponding to the first tag.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a washing machine that includes a tub disposed in a main body of the washing machine to store water. A circulation apparatus includes a circulation pump operable to circulate the water in and out of the tub. A detergent supply apparatus is coupled to the circulation apparatus to discharge detergent to the circulation apparatus so that operation of the circulation pump causes the discharged detergent to be supplied to the tub.

Abstract: A data storage apparatus includes a nonvolatile memory device and a controller configured to decode on normal read data read from a target memory cell, calculate a standard deviation of history read voltages for a target memory block including the target memory cell when the decoding of the normal read data fails, compare the calculated standard deviation with a preset first threshold value and a preset second threshold value, and determine a decoding type and a decoding order for the target memory cell based on a comparison result.