Abstract: In a memory controller configured to control a memory device including a plurality of memory blocks, the memory controller comprising: a memory interface configured to exchange data with the memory device; and a pre-program controller configured to perform a read operation on a last page of a program sequence for a plurality of pages in an erase target memory block when the memory device is in an idle state, and perform a pre-program operation on the erase target memory block according to the result obtained by performing the read operation, wherein the erase target memory block is a memory block on which an erase operation is to be performed among the plurality of memory blocks, and wherein the erase operation on the erase target memory block is performed after the pre-program operation is performed.

Abstract: A data storage apparatus includes a nonvolatile memory device and a controller configured to decode on normal read data read from a target memory cell, calculate a standard deviation of history read voltages for a target memory block including the target memory cell when the decoding of the normal read data fails, compare the calculated standard deviation with a preset first threshold value and a preset second threshold value, and determine a decoding type and a decoding order for the target memory cell based on a comparison result.

Abstract: A method for operating a memory system includes: performing a read operation in response to a first tag; performing a read operation in response to a second tag; performing a defense code operation corresponding to the first tag; performing an error correction code (ECC) operation on data output through the defense code operation corresponding to the first tag; and performing a defense code operation corresponding to the second tag, wherein the read operation in response to the second tag is started before the ECC operation corresponding to the first tag is completed, and wherein the defense code operation corresponding to the second tag is performed using a result of the defense code operation corresponding to the first tag.

Abstract: An image sensor includes a pixel array in which a plurality of pixels, first and second row selection lines separated from each other, and first and second column lines separated from each other are disposed and a column selecting circuit configured to connect the first and second column lines using a column selection signal. The pixel array includes a first pixel which is connected to the first row selection line and the first column line and a second pixel which is disposed in the same row as the first pixel and connected to the second row selection line and the second column line.

Abstract: An integral door guide assembly is removably coupled in an opening of a door of a refrigerator and has an adjustable height. The refrigerator includes a first door rotatably connected to a front surface of a main body, and having an opening in which a plurality of door guide assemblies can be arranged, and a second door rotatably connected to a front surface of the first door. The door guide assembly includes a door guide, a guide removably fixed on both side walls of the opening, a moving unit removably coupled with both side walls of the door guide, guided by the guide to move in an up-down direction, a stopper coupled with the guide, and caught by or released from the catching projections to adjust a position of the moving unit and a latch configured to fix the stopper released from the catching projections.

Abstract: An integral door guide assembly is removably coupled in an opening of a door of a refrigerator and has an adjustable height. The refrigerator includes a first door rotatably connected to a front surface of a main body, and having an opening in which a plurality of door guide assemblies can be arranged, and a second door rotatably connected to a front surface of the first door. The door guide assembly includes a door guide, a guide removably fixed on both side walls of the opening, a moving unit removably coupled with both side walls of the door guide, guided by the guide to move in an up-down direction, a stopper coupled with the guide, and caught by or released from the catching projections to adjust a position of the moving unit and a latch configured to fix the stopper released from the catching projections.

Abstract: In some embodiments, a method of operating an image sensor supporting a low speed mode and a high speed mode includes: outputting a first set of output signals from a first pixel group to a first output line group by enabling, during a first period of the low speed mode, a first load circuit group connected to the first set of output signals; outputting a second set of output signals from a second pixel group to a second output line group by enabling, during a second period of the low speed mode different from the first period, a second load circuit group connected to the second set of output signals; and disabling the second load circuit group during at least a part of the first period.

Abstract: An integral door guide assembly is removably coupled in an opening of a door of a refrigerator and has an adjustable height. The refrigerator includes a first door rotatably connected to a front surface of a main body, and having an opening in which a plurality of door guide assemblies can be arranged, and a second door rotatably connected to a front surface of the first door. The door guide assembly includes a door guide, a guide removably fixed on both side walls of the opening, a moving unit removably coupled with both side walls of the door guide, guided by the guide to move in an up-down direction, a stopper coupled with the guide, and caught by or released from the catching projections to adjust a position of the moving unit and a latch configured to fix the stopper released from the catching projections.