Abstract: Provided is a method and apparatus for controlling congestion of a node in an ad-hoc network comprising: classifying a channel state into a busy channel state and an idle channel state and then monitoring the channel state; performing contention for acquiring a channel with neighboring nodes when data to be transmitted is present during the monitoring of the channel state; calculating an available bandwidth on the basis of the channel state when wins the contention; and determining the amount of data to be transmitted on the basis of the available bandwidth. The nodes in the ah-hoc network monitor their own wireless channel state so as to obtain channel contention information, calculate an available bandwidth from the channel contention information, and control a transmission amount on the basis of the available bandwidth. Accordingly, the nodes can avoid excessive traffic which exceeds channel capacity.

Abstract: A fire hole part structure of a gas burner, which is constructed to be manufactured at a low cost, can improve flame stability, and can prevent incomplete combustion due to the length of flame. The structure is provided to a premixing ignition burner, which is installed to apply heat to a heat exchanger of a boiler, and includes fire hole pieces which are installed parallel to one another in mounting openings of a burner body, and each of which is defined with fire holes at regular intervals. An upper wall of at least one of the fire hole pieces is bent or curved to extend in at least two directions, and the fire holes are defined through respective surface portions of the upper wall, which extend in different directions, to face different directions.

Abstract: Provided is a digital cable system and method for protecting a secure micro (SM) client, and more particularly, a digital cable system and method for protecting an SM program that can improve the security of an SM program through authentication of a host and integrity verification of the SM program. A method of protecting an SM program includes: receiving host authentication information associated with a host from a trusted authority; verifying validity of the secure micro program based on the host authentication information; and sending, to an authentication proxy, a HostStateInformation message that includes host state information associated with validity verification information of the SM program.

Abstract: Disclosed are a cable modem and a data receiving method thereof. The cable modem includes a downlink channel retrieval processing unit to retrieve a downlink channel, receive an entire channel information message through the retrieved downlink channel, and receive a broadcasting supplementary data message when the entire information message is valid; a channel information processing unit to receive broadcasting supplementary data using the broadcasting supplementary data message; an uplink channel retrieval processing unit to retrieve an uplink channel using the entire channel information message; and a channel information managing unit to store and manage main data receiving channels capable of receiving the entire channel information message and the broadcasting supplementary data.

Abstract: An Internet Protocol Television (IPTV) broadcasting system is provided. The IPTV broadcasting system includes: An Internet Protocol Television (IPTV) broadcasting system for reducing a display delay when a channel is changed, including: a stream transmitting apparatus receiving a broadcast channel stream, generating an acceleration stream from the broadcast channel stream, and transmitting the broadcast channel stream and the acceleration stream; and a set-top box receiving the broadcast channel stream and the acceleration stream from the stream transmitting apparatus, and reproducing a decoding stream, according to a type of a received frame in the broadcast channel stream and the acceleration stream. Therefore, it is possible to reduce a display delay when a channel is changed.

Abstract: A digital cable broadcasting receiver and a method of authenticating the digital cable broadcasting receiver, the digital cable broadcasting receiver includes: a security module unit to perform a device authentication process using two-way communication with a Head End (HE) system, and to transmit authentication verification information generated by the device authentication process to a receiver central processing unit (CPU); a demodulation unit to demodulate a broadcasting signal received from a tuner based on the authentication verification information, and to extract transport stream data; the receiver CPU to control power of the demodulation unit based on the authentication verification information; and a decoding unit to restore the transport stream data into image data.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for predicting video traffic are provided. The method includes extracting the statistical properties of previous Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG)-4 video traffic and predicting the size of a subsequent frame based on the statistical properties of the previous MPEG-4 video traffic. Therefore, it is possible to address such problems associated with traffic bursts as transmission delays or low throughputs and thus to improve the performance of communication and network systems that transmit video traffic.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a skin cosmetic composition containing enzyme and amino acid. More particularly, the skin cosmetic composition according to the invention contains enzyme and amino acid, and thus safely improves stratum corneum thickening resulting from the progression of skin aging, improves skin drying occurring during keratin removal, and shows excellent skin moisturizing and whitening effects.

Abstract: The apparatus and method for scrambling high-rate data is disclosed. The apparatus includes a first storing unit for storing a transport stream (TS) inputted from an external device; a common key (CK) generating unit for generating a CK by receiving a control word (CW) from an external conditional access system (CAS); a key scheduling unit for generating predetermined number of keys (KK)s by receiving the CK from the CK generating unit; a plurality of enciphering units for enciphering the TS transmitted from the first storing unit based on the predetermined number of KKs and the CK; a second storing unit for storing the TS enciphered by the enciphering units and outputting the enciphered TS; and a controlling unit for controlling the multiple enciphering units.

Abstract: A channel control method and apparatus for an IPTV service are provided. In order to search for and select channels according to program viewing preference of a user, the channel control method for an IPTV service includes: mode setting operation setting a favorite channel mode and a basic channel mode by analyzing channel change; a favorite channel control operation selecting channels for favorite programs by searching for only the favorite programs in the favorite channel mode; a basic channel control operation selecting the channels by searching for all the programs in a sequential order in the basic channel mode; and a stream providing operation providing streams of the selected channels.

Abstract: Provided are an IPTV service system and a method thereof. The IPTV service system includes: a headend, a set-top box, and a plurality of multicast routers. The headend assigns a multicast group address for each channel and assigns a source address for each PID with respect to an MPEG-TS and packetizes the MPEG-TS into a plurality of packet streams. The set-top box identifies a user-selected channel and the necessary elementary streams in the MPEG-TS for the selected channel, and requests selective reception of only packet streams corresponding to the selected channel and the necessary elementary streams from the plurality of packet streams. The plurality of multicast routers form a multicast path between the headend and the set-top box.

Abstract: A restricted reception device enabling a subscriber receiver to selectively receive broadcasting data transferred via a digital cable broadcasting network, includes: a demultiplexer for receiving broadcasting data and an ECM including a CW from the subscriber receiver, and demultiplexing them, the broadcasting data and the ECM being transferred through an in-band channel; an out-of-band channel signal processor for receiving an EMM from the subscriber receiver, and processing the EMM, the EMM being transferred through an out-of-band channel; a restricted reception processor for descrambling the scrambled broadcasting data using the ECM and the EMM received from the out-of-band channel signal processor; and a remultiplexer for multiplexing the descrambled broadcasting data received from the restricted reception processor, and sending the multiplexed broadcasting data to the subscriber receiver.

Abstract: A method and system for speeding up channel change in an Internet protocol television (IPTV) service and digital broadcast service are provided. The system includes an extractor extracting a program association table (PAT) and a program map table (PMT), which include information for identifying elementary streams (ES) of a channel in a motion picture experts group-transport stream (MPEG-TS), and an output unit identifying elementary streams for the user-requested channel, in a MPEG-TS based on the PAT and the PMT transmitted from the extractor until the PAT and PMT in the received MPEG-TS are available, and outputting the decoded video and/or audio.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and apparatus for controlling a T-communication convergence service in a wired-wireless convergence network, and more particularly, a method and apparatus for providing a function of controlling the T-communication convergence service, in which a communication service and a broadcasting service are converged, without depending on a wired or wireless terminal in a wired-wireless convergence network. According to the method, an IP multimedia subsystem (IMS) based call session control unit and a broadcasting control function are utilized to the utmost so that the T-communication convergence service is used regardless of types of networks and terminals that a user is connected to, and sessions related to performance of the T-communication convergence service and the states of the sessions can be controlled.

Abstract: Provided is a method and apparatus for controlling congestion of a node in an ad-hoc network comprising: classifying a channel state into a busy channel state and an idle channel state and then monitoring the channel state; performing contention for acquiring a channel with neighboring nodes when data to be transmitted is present during the monitoring of the channel state; calculating an available bandwidth on the basis of the channel state when wins the contention; and determining the amount of data to be transmitted on the basis of the available bandwidth. The nodes in the ah-hoc network monitor their own wireless channel state so as to obtain channel contention information, calculate an available bandwidth from the channel contention information, and control a transmission amount on the basis of the available bandwidth. Accordingly, the nodes can avoid excessive traffic which exceeds channel capacity.

Abstract: A cooking apparatus is disclosed. The cooking apparatus includes a housing having a cooking chamber and a heating unit. The heating unit includes a partition plate detachably installed in the chamber, the partition plate partitioning the chamber into sub-chambers, and a heater configured to heat at least one of the sub-chambers.

Abstract: The invention relates to a build-up furniture which is so constructed as to maintain the rigid assembled state in a self-standing state or the state of being unfixed to the walls or other structures and which can be conveniently assembled at homes without the need for using drills or screw drivers. According to the aspect of the invention, there is provided a build-up furniture which comprises vertical frames (10) each formed, along the length thereof, with pierced holes (11), horizontal frames (20) each formed, along the length thereof, with pierced holes (21), connection blocks (30) each provided with a vertical insertion part (32) and with horizontal insertion parts (34), the connection blocks being disposed at the intersecting positions of the vertical frames (10) with the horizontal frames (20); and clamping bolts or pins (40) provided, at one ends, with heads (41) and connected, at the other ends, to caps or nuts (45).

Abstract: A method for providing contents and an electronic device having a function therefore is disclosed. The method comprises receiving information regarding a current heart rate of a user, selecting an audio file having a specific tempo determined in consideration of the current heart rate and a reference heart rate, and reproducing the selected audio file and a heartbeat sound reflecting the current heart rate simultaneously. Therefore, the heartbeat of the user may be effectively controlled.

Abstract: Provided is a method of preparing an optically pure compound having formula 1 or its salts. The method includes: reacting (R)-2-(4-methoxy-3-aminosulfonyl-phenyl)-1-methylethylamine or its salts with a compound selected from the group consisting of chloroacetic acid, bromoacetic acid, fluoroacetic acid, iodoacetic acid, ?-halogenoacetic acid anhydride, and ?-halogenoacetyl halide in the presence of a base or an acylating agent.

Abstract: Disclosed are a liquid crystal display, which can increase a design margin upon designing a driving timing chart, improve picture quality characteristics and reduce power consumption, and a method for driving the same.