Abstract: A method for configuring a communication path comprises: receiving a first frame requesting to configure a communication path through which a stream is transmitted; configuring a table of the first communication node based on information included in the first frame, when a second frame having a same stream identifier as a stream identifier of the first frame is not received; increasing a hop count of the first frame; and transmitting the first frame including the increased hop count.

Abstract: An operation method of a switch apparatus in an Ethernet-based vehicle network, includes: receiving a first frame including original data from an end node; generating a second frame including the original data; duplicating the original data to generate duplicated data; and generating a third frame including the duplicated data and an indicator indicating that the third frame includes the duplicated data.

Abstract: Operation methods of a first communication node in a network, in particular, an Ethernet-based vehicle network, include: transmitting, by the first communication node to at least one communication node which is connected to the first communication node, a first frame requesting state information of a physical layer between the first communication node and the at least one communication node; receiving, by the first communication node from the at least one communication node, a second frame in response to the first frame; and identifying, by the first communication node, a state of the physical layer based on the second frame when the second frame is received.

Abstract: An operation method of a communication node in an Ethernet-based vehicle network includes: transmitting a first frame advertising a presence of a data unit to be transmitted; receiving a second frame indicating that preparation for receiving the data unit is completed; and transmitting a third frame including the data unit using a static bandwidth which is reserved through an exchange of the first frame and the second frame.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to improved holographic reconstruction device and a method. In one aspect, the present disclosure relates to improved holographic reconstruction device and method that can measure a digital hologram regardless of optical characteristics of an object to be measured, by an all-in-one type system integrating a transmissive system that measures an object transmitting light and a reflective system that measures an object reflecting light.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a data communication system, a data communication method, a server, and a vehicle. The data communication system may include: a data transmitting apparatus configured to generate a first hash value using one of a plurality of previous hash values as a first seed number, to encrypt data using the first hash value, and to transmit the encrypted data; and a data receiving apparatus configured to receive the data transmitted from the data transmitting apparatus, to separate the first hash value generated by the data transmitting apparatus from the data, to calculate a second hash value using one of the plurality of previous hash values as a second seed number, and to determine a validity of the data based upon whether the calculated second hash value coincides with the first hash value separated from the data.

Abstract: A time delay error occurring in the case of acquiring two holograms (object hologram and reference hologram) necessary for reconstruction in the related art or in the case of acquiring four physical holograms having different phase shift degrees may be removed. DC noise (including background noise) may be completely removed by using a software-implemented phase shifting method.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method of operating a plenoptic data storage system. The method may include obtaining plenoptic image data from a plenoptic camera array, generating additional information pertaining to the plenoptic image data, performing compression-coding on the plenoptic image data, and storing the additional information and the compression-coded plenoptic image data in a storage device in accordance with a storage format.

Abstract: Disclosed are time synchronization methods for domains based on time information of a vehicle. A time synchronization method performed by a first end node belonging to a first domain of a vehicle includes: receiving a first frame including time information from the vehicle; changing the first end node to a grand master node of the first domain when the time information indicates a time of a universal time domain; and synchronizing a time of the grand master node with the time of the universal time domain.

Abstract: Operation methods of a first communication node in a network, in particular, an Ethernet-based vehicle network, include: transmitting, by the first communication node to at least one communication node which is connected to the first communication node, a first frame requesting state information of a physical layer between the first communication node and the at least one communication node; receiving, by the first communication node from the at least one communication node, a second frame in response to the first frame; and identifying, by the first communication node, a state of the physical layer based on the second frame when the second frame is received.

Abstract: An operation method of a first communication node among a plurality of communication nodes constituting an Ethernet-based vehicle network may comprise receiving a message from a second communication node; determining whether a source address of the message exists in a first address table stored in a memory of the first communication node; and transmitting the message and information on the source address of the message to a management node in response to determining that the source address of the message exists in the first address table.

Abstract: A time delay error occurring in the case of acquiring two holograms (object hologram and reference hologram) necessary for reconstruction in the related art or in the case of acquiring four physical holograms having different phase shift degrees may be removed. DC noise (including background noise) may be completely removed by using a software-implemented phase shifting method.

Abstract: An operation method of a first communication node includes: measuring a magnitude of a current supplied to a second communication node through a data line in the vehicle network; comparing the measured magnitude of the current with a predetermined threshold value; generating an address resolution protocol (ARP) frame including fault-related information when the second communication node is determined to be in a fault state based on a result of the comparison; and transmitting the ARP frame.

Abstract: Disclosed is a gear shift control method of a Dual Clutch Transmission (DCT) vehicle. The gear shift control method includes a gear shift start determination step of determining whether a kick down shift, a biaxial shift determination step of determining, when the kick down shift is started, whether the gear shift is a biaxial shift; a clutch torque control step of uniformly decreasing torque of a release-side clutch and uniformly increasing torque of a connection-side clutch to synchronize revolutions per minute of a target gear input shaft with increasing revolutions per minute of an engine, a clutch synchronization determination step of determining whether the revolutions per minute of the target gear input shaft is synchronized with the revolutions per minute of the engine by the clutch torque control, and a gear shift performing step of performing gear shift control for engaging the target gear.

Abstract: An arbitrary viewpoint image generation method includes obtaining an original image set photographed by a plurality of cameras included in a camera array at each of at least one focal distance at a same time point; obtaining a multi-focus image set by generating a multi-focus image from the original image set for each of the at least one focal distance; and generating an arbitrary viewpoint image at a position where a viewpoint is to be moved from the multi-focus image set.

Abstract: Compounds of formula (I) and a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein A, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R24, X, L, n and p are as defined in the specification, are useful for treating or preventing Mer tyrosine kinase receptor modulated disease or conditions. Also described are pharmaceutical compositions of compounds of formula (I), and methods for using such compounds and compositions.

Abstract: Provided is a method for forming an epitaxial layer at a low temperature. The method for forming the epitaxial layer includes transferring a substrate into an epitaxial chamber and performing an epitaxial process on the substrate to form an epitaxial layer on the substrate. The epitaxial process includes heating the substrate at a temperature of about 700° C. or less and injecting a silicon gas into the epitaxial chamber in a state in which the inside of the epitaxial chamber is adjusted to a pressure of about 300 Torr or less to form a first epitaxial layer, stopping the injection of the silicon gas and injecting a purge gas into the epitaxial chamber to perform first purge inside the epitaxial chamber, heating the substrate at a temperature of about 700° C.

Abstract: A time synchronization method performed by a communication node in a vehicle includes: receiving, from a road side unit (RSU), a first frame including time information of a first domain to which the RSU belongs; setting a time of the vehicle based on a time indicated by the time information of the first domain; and transmitting a second frame including the time information of the vehicle.

Abstract: Disclosed are time synchronization methods for domains based on time information of a vehicle. A time synchronization method performed by a first end node belonging to a first domain of a vehicle includes: receiving a first frame including time information from the vehicle; changing the first end node to a grand master node of the first domain when the time information indicates a time of a universal time domain; and synchronizing a time of the grand master node with the time of the universal time domain.

Abstract: A time synchronization method performed by a communication node in a vehicle includes: receiving, from a road side unit (RSU), a first frame including time information of a first domain to which the RSU belongs; setting a time of the vehicle based on a time indicated by the time information of the first domain; and transmitting a second frame including the time information of the vehicle.