Abstract: An ink composition includes a self-dispersible coloring agent that includes an ionic group and a non-ionic linear or cyclic ester or amide moiety on a surface of the coloring agent at a mole ratio of about 1:10 to about 10:1, an organic solvent, and water. The coloring agent has a modified surface, so that stability of the ink can be increased due to an interaction between the coloring agent and the organic solvent, the particle size of the coloring agent can be kept uniform, an adhering force with respect to a substrate is increased to minimize bleeding between colors of a printed image, waterfastness and rubfastness in dry and wet conditions are increased to obtain an excellent colorfastness, and resulting in a high quality printed image and an excellent storage stability.

Abstract: A self-dispersible metal complex colorant is represented by formula 1, which has improved storage stability, may embody various colors and has improved fastness, such as light resistance, water resistance and the like: wherein each of A1 and A2 is independently a moiety which includes a substituted or unsubstituted C2-C30 alkenylene group having at least one double bond and is conjugated with an azo group; each of X1 and X2 is selected from the group consisting of a hydroxy group, a C1-C4 alkoxy group, a carboxyl group, and a substituted or unsubstituted amino group; M is a polyvalent transition metal; L is a neutral or anionic ligand; T is a mono- or poly-substituted hydrophilic functional group; n is an integer between 1 and 3; and J is a linker. The self-dispersible metal complex colorant may be used in various fields employing colors, such as fibers, foods, drugs, cosmetics, coatings, inks or ceramics.

Abstract: An ink composition having a high optical density, can implement a clear color image and improve the durability of printed images, such as waterproofness, lightfastness, gasfastness, environmental resistance, etc., having excellent storage stability, and does not cause clogging of nozzles of a cartridge of an inkjet printer even after being stored for a long-term. An inkjet printer cartridge including the ink composition, and an inkjet recording apparatus including the cartridge.

Abstract: An ink set includes an ink composition including an encapsulated black pigment in which a black pigment is coated with a polymer resin.

Abstract: A liquid composition to clean an inkjet nozzle, and a inkjet head cleaning unit that contains the same. The liquid composition includes an inkjet ink stabilizer capable of removing impurities from an inkjet nozzle.

Abstract: An ink composition includes a colorant, a solvent, and an amide compound. Due to the use of the amide compound, the ink composition has effective storage stability and wetness at nozzles and has a low mobility of a colorant due to interaction between the colorant and the amide compound and a high adhesion to paper, thus minimizing bleeding between colors of printed images. In addition, the ink composition has effective color fastness, such as water fastness and dry and wet rubfastness of printed images, on paper, thus providing improved quality and durability of printed images. Further, the ink composition provides improved long-term storage stability. Thus, the ink composition may be used in various applications, such as inks for inkjet printers or printing, coatings, textile printing, making papers, cosmetics, ceramics, and the like.

Abstract: An ink composition comprising a colorant, a solvent, a surfactant, and a defoaming agent is provided. The defoaming agent has a structure of Formula R1—X—(CH2CH2O)m-(CHCH3CH2O)n-R2??(I), in which, X is selected from the group consisting of COO, O, S, R3—N and R4(R5)—C; R1, R2, R3, R4, and R5 are each independently selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group and a substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl group; m is an integer from 0 to 100; and n is a natural number from 1 to 100. The ink composition according to the exemplary embodiment exhibits low foaming properties in order to flow smoothly and has a good initial discharge capacity and less ink bleeding so that it is possible to achieve a high print quality during printing, and an ink cartridge including the same.

Abstract: Disclosed are an organometallic precursor that may be used in manufacturing a semiconductor device, a thin film having the same, a metal wiring including the thin film, a method of forming a thin film and a method of manufacturing a metal wiring. An organometallic precursor including a central metal, a borohydride ligand and an amine ligand for reducing a polarity of the organometallic precursor may be provided onto a substrate, and may be thermally decomposed to form a thin film on the substrate. The organometallic precursor having a reduced polarity may be provided to a chamber with a constant flow rate, and thus stability and/or efficiency of a semiconductor manufacturing process may be improved.

Abstract: An ink composition including a colorant, a cyclic amide compound, a cyclic dicarbonyl compound, and water, an ink cartridge including the same, and an inkjet recording apparatus including the same. The ink composition maintains high solubility and stability of a colorant, even when used in small amounts, thereby enhancing not only a storage stability but also a fusing property of the ink composition on a print medium, and thus reinforces a rubbing resistance of the ink composition on the print medium. The ink composition is easily dried on the print medium, and thus bleeding between colors is minimized, thereby improving printed image quality because little or solvent having a high boiling point is used in the ink composition.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a lower panel for a plasma display panel using X-rays which includes preparing a base substrate; forming a barrier rib material layer on the base substrate; defining barrier rib patterns by scanning X-rays on the barrier rib material layer; and developing the barrier rib material layer to form barrier ribs. Fine-pitch patterning of the barrier ribs can be achieved with high precision by using X-rays.

Abstract: In a method of manufacturing a thin layer, an organic metal precursor is provided onto a substrate. The organic metal precursor has a vapor pressure of about 0.5 Torr to about 6 Torr at a temperature of about 65° C. to about 95° C. and is represented by following Chemical Formula 1. An oxidant including an oxygen atom is provided onto the substrate to oxidize the organic metal precursor. The organic metal precursor reacts with the oxidant to form a thin layer including a metal oxide on the substrate. The thin layer may be used for a gate insulation layer of a gate structure, a dielectric layer of a capacitor, etc.

Abstract: A dispersant having excellent adsorption to hydrophobic particles and an ink composition comprising the dispersant are provided. The dispersant is a block copolymer comprising a hydrophilic moiety and a hydrophobic moiety having a hydrophobic substituent attached to a terminal end of the hydrophobic moiety.

Abstract: An inkjet ink composition including about 100 parts by weight of a liquid vehicle (such as water), about 1 to about 35 parts by weight of a colorant including first and second dyes, and about 0.1 to about 130 parts by weight of an organic solvent, and a weight of the first dye soluble in 100 parts by weight of water under standard state conditions is more than 1.5 times an initial weight of the first dye contained in 100 parts by weight of the inkjet ink composition and a weight of the second dye soluble in 100 parts by weight of water under the standard state conditions is less than 1.5 times an initial weight of the second dye contained in 100 parts by weight of the inkjet ink composition; and a multi-color inkjet ink set including the inkjet ink composition.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods of forming a metal oxide layer that include providing an organometallic compound and an oxidizing agent to the substrate to form the metal oxide layer on the substrate. The organometallic compound may have the general formula of M(NR1R2)3R3, wherein M is a metal; R1 and R2 are each independently hydrogen or alkyl; and R3 is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl and heteroaryl.

Abstract: An ink composition is provided including an amide compound represented by formula I, a coloring agent and a solvent. The amide compound and the polyhydric alcohol in the ink composition decrease the mobility of coloring agents and increase the adhesion to media, thereby minimizing the bleeding between colors of printed images, and improving the water fastness and dry and wet rub fastness to provide good color fastness on papers. The ink composition also improves the quality of the printed image, and also has good long-term storage stability. Thus, the ink composition can be widely used as ink-jet inks for ink-jet printers, printing inks, paints, textile printing, paper manufacturing, cosmetics manufacturing, ceramic industry, etc.

Abstract: A bipyridine-based metal complex includes a complex of bipyridine-based ligands and metals, and is utilized in an ink composition. The bipyridine-based metal complex may be used alone, as well as in combination with other coloring agents.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a soft mold to shape a barrier rib, a method of manufacturing a barrier rib and a lower panel, and a plasma display panel (PDP) including the same. The method of manufacturing the soft mold includes: providing a metal mold on which a barrier rib pattern is formed, by alternating channels and projections; disposing a polymer sheet opposite the metal mold; pressing the metal mold into the polymer sheet, to form the soft mold, which has an inverted image of the barrier rib pattern formed on the surface thereof; and releasing the soft mold from the metal mold.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing barrier ribs of a plasma display panel (PDP), and a method of manufacturing a lower panel for the PDP. The method of manufacturing the barrier ribs for the PDP includes: preparing a mold to shape the barrier ribs, which has a patterned surface; filling a plurality of channels formed in the mold with a barrier rib material, to form barrier ribs; and compression bonding a dielectric sheet to the barrier ribs in the mold. Using a molding process, a barrier rib pattern having a desired shape can be precisely formed, and an electrode burying layer with a uniform thickness can be obtained.

Abstract: A self-dispersible coloring agent represented by formula (II) below is prepared by incorporating a hydrophilic group into a coloring agent through a reaction of a hydrophilic group-containing halide represented by formula (I) below and the coloring agent in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst: X-L-R1??(I) (the coloring agent)-L-R1??(II) wherein L represents a single bond or —C(?O)—; R1 is selected from the group consisting of a substituted or unsubstituted C1-C20 alkyl group containing a hydrophilic group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6-C20 aryl group containing a hydrophilic group a substituted or unsubstituted C2-C20 heteroaryl group containing a hydrophilic group and a substituted or unsubstituted C7-C20 arylalkyl group containing a hydrophilic group; and X is one of: —F, —Br, —I and —Cl. may be obtained conveniently through a one-step process.

Abstract: An ink set, an inkjet recording apparatus including the ink set, and a method of forming an image using the ink set include a black ink composition comprising a first colorant, water, and a first alkyl ether and a color ink composition comprising a second colorant, water, and a second alkyl ether, wherein an amount of the first alkyl ether based on 100 parts by weight of the black ink composition is at most twice an amount of the second alkyl ether based on 100 parts by weight of the color ink composition. When using the ink set, an image of effective quality may be formed which has a reduced bleeding without decreasing an image density.