Abstract: A phased array antenna panel includes an array of antenna cells. Optionally, the phased array antenna panel includes a frame with multiple shielding fences housing the array of antenna cells. Each antenna cell includes a raised antenna patch with air dielectric. In one example, the raised antenna patch may include four projections having outwardly increasing widths, and four supporting legs, each of the four supporting legs situated between a pair of adjacent projections. A first differential feed port may be coupled to first and second supporting legs of the raised antenna patch through first and second transformers, and a second differential feed port may be coupled to third and fourth supporting legs of the raised antenna patch through third and fourth transformers. A return loss in a frequency range of between 27.5 GHz and 29.5 GHz of each antenna cell is less than about ?10 dB.

Abstract: A wireless receiver includes an antenna receiving a right-handed circularly polarized (RHCP) signal and a left-handed circularly polarized (LHCP) signal, a first amplifier and a second amplifier coupled to the antenna, an intermediate summer coupled to the first and second amplifiers and providing a first intermediate signal, an intermediate subtractor coupled to the first and second amplifiers and providing a second intermediate signal. The wireless receiver also includes a V-signal summer providing a V-component output based on a sum of the first intermediate signal and the second intermediate signal, and an H-signal subtractor providing an H-component output based on a difference between the first intermediate signal and the second intermediate signal. The wireless receiver is configured to provide the V-component output and the H-component output without using a phase shifter.

Abstract: The power combiner circuit includes a transformer having a first primary coil coupled to a first power amplifier (PA), a second primary coil coupled to a second PA, and a secondary coil. The secondary coil supplies a current to an antenna based on a first direction of a first phase of a first amplified constant-envelope signal in the first primary coil with respect to a second phase of a second amplified constant-envelope signal in the second primary coil. A first load impedance is associated with the first PA and a second load impedance is associated with the second PA. The first load impedance and the second load impedance receive currents from the first PA and second PA, respectively, based on a second direction of the first phase of the first amplified constant-envelope signal with respect to the second phase of the second amplified constant-envelope signal.

Abstract: A phased array antenna panel includes a first substrate over a metallic base, a plurality of cavities in the first substrate and the metallic base, a plurality of semiconductor dies situated over the first substrate, where at least one of the plurality of semiconductor dies is situated in a semiconductor package formed in a second substrate. The semiconductor die is coupled to at least one pair of antenna probes over one of the plurality of cavities. The semiconductor die is further coupled to electrical connectors configured to carry combined horizontally-polarized signals and combined vertically-polarized signals. Each semiconductor package partially covers four of the plurality of cavities. The first substrate may include FR-4 material. The second substrate may include Rogers® material.

Abstract: A phased array antenna panel includes a substrate over a metallic base, a semiconductor die situated over the substrate, the semiconductor die being coupled to a vertical-polarization antenna probe and to a horizontal-polarization antenna probe, where the vertical-polarization antenna probe is situated over a dedicated vertical-polarization cavity, and where the horizontal-polarization antenna probe is situated over a dedicated horizontal-polarization cavity. The dedicated vertical-polarization cavity and the dedicated horizontal-polarization cavity reduce coupling between the vertical-polarization antenna probe and the horizontal-polarization antenna probe. The semiconductor die also includes a radio frequency (RF) front end circuit coupled to the vertical-polarization antenna probe and the horizontal-polarization antenna probe.

Abstract: A phased array antenna panel includes a substrate over a metallic base, a cavity in the substrate and the metallic base, a plurality of antenna probes situated over the cavity, where the plurality of antenna probes are separated by a plurality of RF shields. The plurality of RF shields are configured to reduce coupling between the plurality of antenna probes. The plurality of antenna probes include a pair of antenna probes, where some of the plurality of RF shields are parallel to a horizontal-polarization antenna probe of the pair of antenna probes, and some of the plurality of RF shields are parallel to a vertical-polarization antenna probe of the pair of antenna probes. The horizontal-polarization antenna probe is perpendicular to a vertical-polarization antenna probe.

Abstract: A wireless receiver includes an antenna panel coupled to an H-combined/V-combined generation block, an axial ratio and cross-polarization calibration block to correct for an undesired variation in H-combined and V-combined outputs, and an LHCP/RHCP generation block to produce left-handed circularly polarized (LHCP) and right-handed circularly polarized (RHCP) outputs. The axial ratio and cross-polarization calibration block generates an H-corrected output by summing the H-combined output amplified by a first variable gain amplifier and the V-combined output amplified by a second variable gain amplifier, and a V-corrected output by summing the V-combined output amplified by a third variable gain amplifier and the H-combined output amplified by a fourth variable gain amplifier.

Abstract: A wireless receiver includes a plurality of RF front end chips that receive phase shift signals or amplitude control signals, and output V-combined and H-combined signals. The wireless receiver also includes groups of antennas surrounding each of the plurality of RF front end chips. Each of the plurality of RF front end chips can be surrounded by a group of four antennas in an H-configuration, a group of six antennas in a rectangular- or a hexagonal-configuration, or a group of eight antennas in a rectangular- or an octagonal-configuration. Each of the group of four, six or eight antennas is coupled to a corresponding RF front end chip through antenna feed lines having substantially equal lengths. In another implementation, a pair of RF front end chips uses differential signals to communicate with at least two antennas of a group of antennas surrounding the pair of RF front end chips.

Abstract: A wireless communications system includes a first transceiver with a first phased array antenna panel having horizontal-polarization receive antennas and vertical-polarization transmit antennas, where the horizontal-polarization receive antennas form a first receive beam based on receive phase and receive amplitude information provided by a first master chip, the vertical-polarization transmit antennas form a first transmit beam based on transmit phase and transmit amplitude information provided by the first master chip.

Abstract: A wireless transceiver using a phased array antenna panel for producing multiple beams includes receive antennas forming a receive configuration and transmit antennas forming a transmit configuration. The receive antennas form a plurality of receive beams and the transmit antennas form a plurality of transmits beams, based on phase and amplitude information provided by a master chip in the phased array antenna panel. The receive and transmit configurations can include sub-configurations, each sub-configuration forming one of the plurality of receive beams or one of the plurality of transmit beams. At least one receive antenna and at least one transmit antenna can be connected to a corresponding plurality of receive phase shifters and a corresponding plurality of transmit phase shifters respectively. The wireless transceiver can form a relay transmit beam based on a receive beam provided by a hardwire connection.

Abstract: A wireless transceiver using a phased array antenna panel for concurrently transmitting and receiving wireless signals is disclosed. The wireless transceiver includes receive antennas forming a receive configuration and transmit antennas forming a transmit configuration. The receive antennas form a receive beam at a receive frequency based on phase and amplitude information provided by a master chip in the phased array antenna panel. The transmit antennas form a transmit beam at a transmit frequency based on phase and amplitude information provided by the master chip in the phased array antenna panel. The phase and amplitude information for the receive antennas is provided by an RF front end chip that is connected to the master chip. The phase and amplitude information for the transmit antennas is provided by the RF front end chip that is connected to the master chip.

Abstract: A wireless receiver is disclosed. The wireless receiver includes a phased array antenna panel having a plurality of antennas, and a low resolution analog-to-digital (A/D) converter coupled to each of the plurality of antennas, where the low resolution A/D converter is configured to provide a digital output based on comparing a reference value with a sum of noise value and signal value of an analog input received by the corresponding one of the plurality of antennas. Noise signals received by the plurality of antennas are uncorrelated, and a signal to noise ratio (SNR) of the analog input can be less than one. The low resolution A/D converter can be a one-bit A/D converter. The one-bit A/D converter can be a comparator receiving the sum of noise value and signal value as one comparator input, and receiving the reference value as another comparator input.

Abstract: A wireless receiver includes an antenna panel providing input to an H-combined/V-combined generation block, a hybrid tracking system receiving input from the H-combined/V-combined generation block, the hybrid tracking system comprising location, heading and motion (LOHMO) sensors for providing a general position input to a digital core, the hybrid tracking system further comprising first and second power detectors for measuring power received from the antenna panel and for providing a precise position input to the digital core, the hybrid tracking system providing phase feedback signals to the H-combined/V-combined generation block. At least one of the phase feedback signals is provided to at least one phase shifter in the H-combined/V-combined generation block to cause a phase shift in at least one linearly polarized signal received from at least one antenna in the antenna panel.

Abstract: A wireless receiver includes an antenna panel divided into a plurality of segments, each segment having a group of antennas, each segment having a set of radio frequency (RF) front end chips. Each RF front end chip is coupled to some antennas in the group of antennas. A master chip is configured to drive in parallel a plurality of control buses. Each control bus is coupled to a respective one of the plurality of segments, where each RF front end chip in the set of RF front end chips is serially coupled to another RF front end chip in the set of RF front end chips. Each control bus carries phase shift signals and amplitude control signals from the master chip to a respective set of RF front end chips in each segment. The master chip and the plurality of segments in the antenna panel are integrated on a single printed circuit board.

Abstract: A calibration system, in a receiver chip, receives a plurality of receive signals at a plurality of receive paths. A first receive path and a second receive path is selected for a first receive signal and a second receive signal, respectively. A first signal parameter of the second receive signal is adjusted relative to the first signal parameter of the first receive signal to maximize a first signal strength value of an added signal or minimize a second signal strength value of a subtracted signal. Based on the adjusted first signal parameter, an offset of the first signal parameter is calibrated. Further, based on a matching of the second signal parameter in the second receive path relative to the second signal parameter in the first receive path, value of the second signal parameter is calibrated.

Abstract: A wireless receiver includes an antenna panel coupled to an H-combined/V-combined generation block, an axial ratio and cross-polarization calibration block to correct for an undesired variation in H-combined and V-combined outputs, and an LHCP/RHCP generation block to produce left-handed circularly polarized (LHCP) and right-handed circularly polarized (RHCP) outputs. The axial ratio and cross-polarization calibration block generates an H-corrected output by summing the H-combined output amplified by a first variable gain amplifier and the V-combined output amplified by a second variable gain amplifier, and a V-corrected output by summing the V-combined output amplified by a third variable gain amplifier and the H-combined output amplified by a fourth variable gain amplifier.

Abstract: A wireless receiver includes an antenna panel coupled to an H-combined/V-combined generation block, an axial ratio and cross-polarization calibration block to correct for an undesired variation in H-combined and V-combined outputs, and an LHCP/RHCP generation block to produce left-handed circularly polarized (LHCP) and right-handed circularly polarized (RHCP) outputs. The axial ratio and cross-polarization calibration block generates an H-corrected output by summing the H-combined output amplified by a first variable gain amplifier and the V-combined output amplified by a second variable gain amplifier, and a V-corrected output by summing the V-combined output amplified by a third variable gain amplifier and the H-combined output amplified by a fourth variable gain amplifier.

Abstract: A bidirectional time-division duplexing transceiver circuit includes a first and a second bidirectional phase-shift circuit, and a bidirectional amplifier circuit including a first amplifier circuit and a second amplifier circuit. The first amplifier circuit and the second amplifier circuit are coupled via double-pole-double-throw (DPDT) switches to radio-frequency (RF) antennas and the first and the second bidirectional phase-shift circuits. The (DPDT) switches enable the first amplifier circuit and the second amplifier circuit to be operable simultaneously as transmit (TX) path amplifiers in a first time slot and as a receive (RX) path amplifiers in a second time slot.

Abstract: A high frequency termination device includes a printed circuit board. A ground pad having a first predetermined inductive reactance at a resonant frequency can be mounted on the printed circuit board. A resistor landing pad having a second predetermined inductive reactance at the resonant frequency can be mounted on the printed circuit board. The resistor landing pad can be selectively positioned adjacent to the ground pad to create a desired capacitive reactance at the resonant frequency to cancel at least part of the first predetermined inductive reactance and the second predetermined inductive reactance. A terminating resistor can be coupled with the resistor landing pad. An impedance of the termination device is dominated by a resistance value of the terminating resistor at the resonant frequency due to cancellation of at least part of the first predetermined inductive reactance and the second predetermined inductive reactance at the resonant frequency.

Abstract: A radio frequency (RF) front end chip in a phased array antenna panel for transmitting a modulated circularly-polarized signal is disclosed. The RF front end chip includes an oscillator providing an angular speed modulation signal to a quadrature generation block, the quadrature generation block providing an in-phase signal and a quadrature signal based on the angular speed modulation signal, a first amplifier receiving the in-phase signal and a data signal, and providing a modulated horizontally-polarized signal, and a second amplifier receiving the quadrature signal and the data signal, and providing a modulated vertically-polarized signal, where a modulated circularly-polarized signal is generated based on the modulated horizontally-polarized signal and the modulated vertically-polarized signal. The angular speed modulation signal controls an angular speed of the modulated circularly-polarized signal. The data signal is encoded by the angular speed modulation signal.