Abstract: A substrate processing apparatus includes: a conveyor belt configured to have an outer surface on which a bottom surface of a substrate is seated; and a polishing head unit configured to face an upper surface of the substrate, wherein the polishing head unit includes: a polishing head connected to a driver; a polishing pad configured to face the polishing head; a polishing pad fixing ring disposed between the polishing head and the polishing pad; and a temperature sensor configured to overlap the polishing pad fixing ring and to be spaced apart from the polishing pad fixing ring.

Abstract: A resource management method performed by a CP in C-RAN system includes configuring M user-centric cells for M terminals with a plurality of ANs, and determining a number K of orthogonal resource sharing groups sharing a same orthogonal resource; selecting K user-centric cells as group headers for the K orthogonal resource sharing groups, and adding the selected K user-centric cells as group headers to the K orthogonal resource sharing groups; configuring the K orthogonal resource sharing groups by sequentially adding ungrouped user-centric cells to the K orthogonal resource sharing groups; and dividing total system resources into K orthogonal resources, and mapping the divided K orthogonal resources to the K orthogonal resource sharing groups, respectively.

Abstract: A resource management method performed by a CP in C-RAN system includes configuring M user-centric cells for M terminals with a plurality of ANs, and determining a number K of orthogonal resource sharing groups sharing a same orthogonal resource; selecting K user-centric cells as group headers for the K orthogonal resource sharing groups, and adding the selected K user-centric cells as group headers to the K orthogonal resource sharing groups; configuring the K orthogonal resource sharing groups by sequentially adding ungrouped user-centric cells to the K orthogonal resource sharing groups; and dividing total system resources into K orthogonal resources, and mapping the divided K orthogonal resources to the K orthogonal resource sharing groups, respectively.

Abstract: An operation method of a first communication node in a communication network, which supports a radio link control (RLC) function among functions of a base station, may comprise receiving a first message from a second communication node supporting a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) function among the functions of the base station; processing the received first message by performing the RLC function; and transmitting the processed first message to a third communication node supporting a medium access control (MAC) function and physical (PHY) functions among the functions of the base station.

Abstract: An operation method of a first communication node, which controls a plurality of communication nodes included in a mobile xhaul network supporting mobility, may comprise performing an attach procedure between the first communication node and a second communication node among the plurality of communication nodes; configuring a path for communications between the second communication node and a third communication node for which attach procedure has been completed among the plurality of communication nodes; and supporting communications of the second communication node and the third communication node using the configured path.

Abstract: An operation method of a first communication node in a communication network, which supports a radio link control (RLC) function among functions of a base station, may comprise receiving a first message from a second communication node supporting a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) function among the functions of the base station; processing the received first message by performing the RLC function; and transmitting the processed first message to a third communication node supporting a medium access control (MAC) function and physical (PHY) functions among the functions of the base station.

Abstract: An operation method of a first communication node, which controls a plurality of communication nodes included in a mobile xhaul network supporting mobility, may comprise performing an attach procedure between the first communication node and a second communication node among the plurality of communication nodes; configuring a path for communications between the second communication node and a third communication node for which attach procedure has been completed among the plurality of communication nodes; and supporting communications of the second communication node and the third communication node using the configured path.

Abstract: Disclosed is a loop-back apparatus in wireless communication systems, including: an MAC processing unit configured to transmit a user data and a control frame when a loop-back mode is established; a loop-back unit configured to generate a response frame of a receipt for the user data and the control message transmitted from the MAC processing unit and again feedbacks the generated response frame to the MAC processing unit.

Abstract: A communication method according to the present invention includes receiving MAP in formation, acquiring an initial scheduled frame number and a current frame number from the MAP information, calculating the difference between the initial scheduled frame number and the current frame number, comparing the difference between the initial scheduled frame number and the current frame number with a reference value and setting a scheduled frame number, and performing transmission or reception in the scheduled frame. Therefore, even though a MAP loss occurs, the mobile station can receive only downlink data effective in downlink, thereby reducing power consumption for unnecessary reception, and can exactly perform transmission in a frame in which it should transmit in uplink.

Abstract: A method of transmitting a signal according to the present invention includes: receiving a signal that is encoded with a predetermined code rate and that is modulated by a first modulation method from a base station; creating a signal that is obtained by demodulating the signal that is modulated by the first modulation method using a method corresponding to the first modulation method; creating a signal that is obtained by modulating the demodulated signal using a second modulation method while maintaining the predetermined code rate; and transmitting the signal that is modulated by the second modulation to a mobile station. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the cost of the relay station and simplify the system of the relay station. Further, during the modulation and demodulation, the symbol offset is changed to create various modulated and demodulated signals.

Abstract: When characters are allocated to a keyboard, a plurality of consonants are divided into a plurality of groups according to pronunciation position in the oral cavity, and the groups are allocated to corresponding columns on the keyboard of (3) rows and (10) columns. A plurality of vowels are allocated to the corresponding columns according to the pronunciation position in the oral cavity. In this instance, the consonants and the vowels of which the pronunciation position are near the lips are allocated to the middle area of the area of (3) rows and (10) columns, and the consonants and the vowels of which the pronunciation position are near the vocal chords are allocated to the outer part of the area of (3) rows and (10) columns. The consonants and the vowels are allocated to the corresponding rows of the area of (3) rows and (10) columns according to usage frequency.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a URL providing apparatus and a method thereof, and a mobile station that accesses the Internet by using the provided URL, and an Internet access method thereof. The mobile station attaches an RF-ID tag that stores an RF-ID tag value corresponding to identification information of the mobile station thereto, and thus when a user brings the mobile station into an interrogation range of an RF-ID reader included in the URL providing apparatus, the URL providing apparatus receives the corresponding RF-ID tag value from the RF-ID reader. When the URL providing apparatus acquires an IP address of the mobile station by using the received RF-ID tag value and provides a URL to the mobile station by using the acquired IP address, the mobile station automatically accesses the Internet by using the URL. Such an Internet access method can minimize additional cost of the mobile station and simplify an Internet access process to a specific URL.

Abstract: Disclosed is a loop-back apparatus in wireless communication systems, including: an MAC processing unit configured to transmit a user data and a control frame when a loop-back mode is established; a loop-back unit configured to generate a response frame of a receipt for the user data and the control message transmitted from the MAC processing unit and again feedbacks the generated response frame to the MAC processing unit.

Abstract: A terminal main body of a communication terminal is supplied power from a battery pack through a DC signal path. The terminal main body communicates with at least one additional function module providing an additional function through a communication path connected to the DC signal path so as to provide the additional function to a user. Herein, the communication path is an AC signal path. That is, a signal transmitted/received between the terminal main body and the additional function module is an AC signal, and thus, the communication path can be compatible with the DC signal path providing the power. In addition, a plurality of additional function modules can be serially connected in the form of a serial communication bus, and therefore, a user can select a plurality of additional functions.

Abstract: A method of transmitting a signal according to the present invention includes: receiving a signal that is encoded with a predetermined code rate and that is modulated by a first modulation method from a base station; creating a signal that is obtained by demodulating the signal that is modulated by the first modulation method using a method corresponding to the first modulation method; creating a signal that is obtained by modulating the demodulated signal using a second modulation method while maintaining the predetermined code rate; and transmitting the signal that is modulated by the second modulation to a mobile station. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the cost of the relay station and simplify the system of the relay station. Further, during the modulation and demodulation, the symbol offset is changed to create various modulated and demodulated signals.

Abstract: A communication method according to the present invention includes receiving MAP in formation, acquiring an initial scheduled frame number and a current frame number from the MAP information, calculating the difference between the initial scheduled frame number and the current frame number, comparing the difference between the initial scheduled frame number and the current frame number with a reference value and setting a scheduled frame number, and performing transmission or reception in the scheduled frame. Therefore, even though a MAP loss occurs, the mobile station can receive only downlink data effective in downlink, thereby reducing power consumption for unnecessary reception, and can exactly perform transmission in a frame in which it should transmit in uplink.

Abstract: When characters are allocated to a keyboard, a plurality of consonants are divided into a plurality of groups according to pronunciation position in the oral cavity, and the groups are allocated to corresponding columns on the keyboard of (3) rows and (10) columns. A plurality of vowels are allocated to the corresponding columns according to the pronunciation position in the oral cavity. In this instance, the consonants and the vowels of which the pronunciation position are near the lips are allocated to the middle area of the area of (3) rows and (10) columns, and the consonants and the vowels of which the pronunciation position are near the vocal chords are allocated to the outer part of the area of (3) rows and (10) columns. The consonants and the vowels are allocated to the corresponding rows of the area of (3) rows and (10) columns according to usage frequency.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a URL providing apparatus and a method thereof, and a mobile station that accesses the Internet by using the provided URL, and an Internet access method thereof. The mobile station attaches an RF-ID tag that stores an RF-ID tag value corresponding to identification information of the mobile station thereto, and thus when a user brings the mobile station into an interrogation range of an RF-ID reader included in the URL providing apparatus, the URL providing apparatus receives the corresponding RF-ID tag value from the RF-ID reader. When the URL providing apparatus acquires an IP address of the mobile station by using the received RF-ID tag value and provides a URL to the mobile station by using the acquired IP address, the mobile station automatically accesses the Internet by using the URL. Such an Internet access method can minimize additional cost of the mobile station and simplify an Internet access process to a specific URL.

Abstract: A clock signal generating apparatus including a clock generator, a distributor, a plurality of delay units, and generates a clock signal for synchronized driving of a system having a plurality of clock receiving apparatuses. The clock signal generator generates a clock signal for driving the system by using an external clock signal and a feedback clock signal. The distributor distributes the clock signal output to generate a plurality of distributed clock signals and outputs the plurality of distributed clock signals to the plurality of clock receiving apparatuses through a plurality of signal transmission paths. The plurality of delay units are respectively located on the plurality of signal transmission paths, control phases of the plurality of distributed clock signals to generate a plurality of phase-controlled clock signals, and transmit the plurality of phase-controlled clock signals to the plurality of clock receiving apparatuses.

Abstract: A terminal main body of a communication terminal is supplied power from a battery pack through a DC signal path. The terminal main body communicates with at least one additional function module providing an additional function through a communication path connected to the DC signal path so as to provide the additional function to a user. Herein, the communication path is an AC signal path. That is, a signal transmitted/received between the terminal main body and the additional function module is an AC signal, and thus, the communication path can be compatible with the DC signal path providing the power. In addition, a plurality of additional function modules can be serially connected in the form of a serial communication bus, and therefore, a user can select a plurality of additional functions.