Abstract: An array structure for light emitting diodes (LEDs) uses a patterned metal layer buried beneath LED chips to electrically interconnect non-adjacent chips in series, such that each chip in the LED array can be adjacently surrounded by LED chips of different colors. Thus, when the emission from the LED array is projected to a spot in the far field, its color uniformity over the spot is enhanced. Methods are also described for fabricating the multi-layer circuit board for such an array. Top and bottom patterned metal layers are formed, separated by a patterned insulating layer, so that electrical connections may be made between the metal layers. This provides “vias” between the metal layers for creating “cross-under” electrical connections under the second insulation layer, such that spatially-separated LED chips can be interconnected into strings, while maintaining electrical isolation between LED chips of different colors.

Abstract: A broad-spectrum, multiple wavelength illuminator comprises a luminescent body, and a plurality of semiconductor chips spaced apart from the luminescent body emitting light within one or more wavelength ranges towards the luminescent body, causing the luminescent body to emit light of one or more wavelength ranges. An optical element adjacent to the luminescent body collects light emitted by the luminescent body. An optical device collects light collected by the optical element. An aperture located between the optical element and the optical device passes the light emitted by the luminescent body along an optical axis, wherein light collected by the optical element and the optical device and passed by the aperture forms a beam of light illuminating a target. Alternatively, instead of being spaced apart from the chips, the luminescent body may be a layer adjacent to the chips.

Abstract: An LED array includes three or more strings of bare LEDs mounted in close proximity to each other on a substrate. The strings of LEDs emit light of one or more wavelengths of blue, indigo and/or violet light, with peak wavelengths that are less than 490 nm. Luminescent materials deposited on each of the LED chips in the array emit light of different wavelength ranges that are of longer wavelengths than and in response to light emissions from the LED chips. A control circuit applies currents to the strings of LEDs, causing the LEDs in the strings to emit light, which causes the luminescent materials to emit light. A user interface enables users to control the currents applied by the control circuit to the strings of LEDs to achieve a Correlated Color Temperature (CCT) value and hue that are desired by users, with CIE chromaticity coordinates that lie on, or near to the black body radiation curve.

Abstract: An LED array includes three or more strings of bare LEDs mounted in close proximity to each other on a substrate. The strings of LEDs emit light of one or more wavelengths of blue, indigo and/or violet light, with peak wavelengths that are less than 490 nm. Luminescent materials deposited on each of the LED chips in the array emit light of different wavelength ranges that are of longer wavelengths than and in response to light emissions from the LED chips. A control circuit applies currents to the strings of LEDs, causing the LEDs in the strings to emit light, which causes the luminescent materials to emit light. A user interface enables users to control the currents applied by the control circuit to the strings of LEDs to achieve a Correlated Color Temperature (CCT) value and hue that are desired by users, with CIE chromaticity coordinates that lie on, or near to the black body radiation curve.

Abstract: In one embodiment, each of the output/input ports of each one of a plurality of optical splitters is connected to one of a plurality of optical switches by means of optical fibers without any fusion splicing in a majority of the optical fibers, and each of the input/output ports of each one of the switches is connected to one of the optical splitters by means of the optical fibers without any fusion splicing in a majority of the optical fibers. Each of the output/input ports of each one of the optical splitters may be directly connected to the ferrule and one of the input/output ports of one of the switches by the optical fibers. The optical splitters may be implemented in at least one planar lightwave circuit (PLC) chip. Optionally, at least one fiber holder defining a plurality of channels therein may be used to hold the optical fibers each of which is aligned with a corresponding output/input port of one of the optical splitters.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a device for transferring heat comprises a base member and a first array of pin fins supported by the base member, the pin fins having an aspect ratio of not less than about 10, and the pin fins being not more than about 0.3 mm in equivalent diameter and not more than about 3 mm in length, either one or both of the base member and pin fins comprising a metallic or semiconductor material. To form this device, a substrate is provided. A pattern is formed on the substrate, the pattern having holes therein or in the form of dots with cross-sectional dimensions of not more than about 0.3 mm. Pin fins supported by the substrate are formed, where the pin fins have an aspect ratio of not less than about 10, and not more than about 0.3 mm in equivalent diameter and not more than about 3 mm in length. Either one or both of the base member and pin fins comprise a metallic or semiconductor material. The pattern is then removed.

Abstract: By diverting a small amount of current from a string of LED(s) powered by a LED driver at low current levels in a process of dimming the LED string, performance of the LED string light emission is improved.

Abstract: A photography lighting fixture includes a lighting device and a shade device. The lighting device includes a housing, a lighting element disposed in the housing, and a first attaching unit connected to the housing. The shade device includes a base mount, a plurality of shade components mounted pivotally to the base mount, and a second attaching unit mounted to the base mount and detachably and rotatably attaching the first attaching unit.

Abstract: By diverting a small amount of current from a string of LED(s) powered by a LED driver at low current levels in a process of dimming the LED string, performance of the LED string light emission is improved.

Abstract: A photography lighting fixture includes a lighting device and a shade device. The lighting device includes a housing, a lighting element disposed in the housing, and a first attaching unit connected to the housing. The shade device includes a base mount, a plurality of shade components mounted pivotally to the base mount, and a second attaching unit mounted to the base mount and detachably and rotatably attaching the first attaching unit.

Abstract: A broad-spectrum, multiple wavelength illuminator comprises a luminescent body, and a plurality of semiconductor chips spaced apart from the luminescent body emitting light within one or more wavelength ranges towards the luminescent body, causing the luminescent body to emit light of one or more wavelength ranges. An optical element adjacent to the luminescent body collects light emitted by the luminescent body. An optical device collects light collected by the optical element. An aperture located between the optical element and the optical device passes the light emitted by the luminescent body along an optical axis, wherein light collected by the optical element and the optical device and passed by the aperture forms a beam of light illuminating a target. Alternatively, instead of being spaced apart from the chips, the luminescent body may be a layer adjacent to the chips.

Abstract: An LED array includes three or more strings of bare LEDs mounted in close proximity to each other on a substrate. The strings of LEDs emit light of one or more wavelengths of blue, indigo and/or violet light, with peak wavelengths that are less than 490 nm. Luminescent materials deposited on each of the LED chips in the array emit light of different wavelength ranges that are of longer wavelengths than and in response to light emissions from the LED chips. A control circuit applies currents to the strings of LEDs, causing the LEDs in the strings to emit light, which causes the luminescent materials to emit light. A user interface enables users to control the currents applied by the control circuit to the strings of LEDs to achieve a Correlated Color Temperature (CCT) value and hue that are desired by users, with CIE chromaticity coordinates that lie on, or near to the black body radiation curve.

Abstract: This invention relates to the thermal management, extraction of light, and cost effectiveness of Light Emitting Diode, or LED, electrical circuits. An integrated circuit LED submount is described, for the packaging of high power LEDs. The LED submount provides high thermal conductivity while preserving electrical insulation. In particular, a process is described for anodizing a high thermal conductivity aluminum alloy sheet to form a porous aluminum oxide layer and a non-porous aluminum oxide layer. This anodized aluminum alloy sheet acts as a superior electrical insulator, and also provides surface morphology and mechanical properties that are useful for the fabrication of high-density and high-power multilevel electrical circuits.

Abstract: A compact high-brightness LED aquarium light fixture is described for use in illuminating aquarium tanks artificial light. (18) The LED aquarium light uses a densely-packed array of high-brightness light emitting diodes (LEDs) that are not individually packaged, where the array behaves similarly to a point source of light. The LED chips are distributed laterally over an area, where the LED chips have light emitting surfaces for emitting light in directions transverse to said area, wherein the dimensions of the area do not exceed 25 mm. Adjacent chips of the array are preferably separated by less than about 0.2 mm. The extended point source LED array, with its lens and associated reflector, result in a concentrated light source that attractively illuminates the contents of the aquarium, and creates a desirable shimmering effect within the aquarium. A clamp-on, flexible gooseneck mounting arrangement allows for use with aquarium tanks of various sizes.

Abstract: The LED grow light fixture uses a densely-packed array of high-brightness LEDs that are not individually packaged where the array behaves similarly to a point source of light. The extended point source LED array, with its lens and associated reflector, result in a concentrated, partially-collimated light source, such that the intensity of the light does not diminish rapidly as distance from the light source increases. The LED array contains a plurality of LED strings that may be separately controlled, thereby allowing the spectral content of the LED grow light to be varied, to facilitate desired plant growth at various stages of plant life. The light emitted at each of the multiple different wavelengths from the array is evenly distributed, when the objects being illuminated by the array are at a distance of less than about 6 feet or even less than 1 foot from the array.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for proposing a layout of a high concentration photovoltaic system. At first, calculated is the area of land in which the high concentration photovoltaic system is to be deployed. Then, determined is a position for a solar tracking system. The track of the sun is determined. The operation of the solar tracking system is simulated. Pictures of the solar tracking system are taken. The shading rate of the solar tracking system is determined. The interval between two solar tracking activities is determined. The energy output of the photovoltaic system is determined.

Abstract: Disclosed is a controlling apparatus for use in a photovoltaic system. The photovoltaic system includes a solar cell array, an inverter and a solar tracker. The solar tracker includes a solar position sensor, a controller connected to the solar position sensor, a first motor connected to the controller for rotating the solar cell array according to the azimuth of the sun and a second motor connected to the controller for tilting the solar cell array according to the elevation of the sun. The controlling apparatus includes a central unit, a basic unit, a diagnosis unit, a maintenance unit, a security unit and a check unit.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a device for transferring heat comprises a base member and a first array of pin fins supported by the base member, the pin fins having an aspect ratio of not less than about 10, and the pin fins being not more than about 0.3 mm in equivalent diameter and not more than about 3 mm in length, either one or both of the base member and pin fins comprising a metallic or semiconductor material. To form this device, a substrate is provided. A pattern is formed on the substrate, the pattern having holes therein or in the form of dots with cross-sectional dimensions of not more than about 0.3 mm. Pin fins supported by the substrate are formed, where the pin fins have an aspect ratio of not less than about 10, and not more than about 0.3 mm in equivalent diameter and not more than about 3 mm in length. Either one or both of the base member and pin fins comprise a metallic or semiconductor material. The pattern is then removed.

Abstract: A compact high-brightness LED aquarium light fixture is described for use in illuminating aquarium tanks artificial light. The LED aquarium light uses a densely-packed array of high-brightness light emitting diodes (LEDs) that are not individually packaged, where the array behaves similarly to a point source of light. The LED chips are distributed laterally over an area, where the LED chips have light emitting surfaces for emitting light in directions transverse to said area, wherein the dimensions of the area do not exceed 25 mm. Adjacent chips of the array are preferably separated by less than about 0.2 mm. The extended point source LED array, with its lens and associated reflector, result in a concentrated light source that attractively illuminates the contents of the aquarium, and creates a desirable shimmering effect within the aquarium.