Patents by Inventor Shankar Krishnan
Shankar Krishnan has filed for patents to protect the following inventions. This listing includes patent applications that are pending as well as patents that have already been granted by the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO).
-
Patent number: 9491472Abstract: A method of increasing resolution of an image includes generating vector contours associated with a first image and scaling the vector contours to a second resolution. The first image has a first resolution, and the second resolution is greater than the first resolution. The vector contours are rendered to generate a guiding image at the second resolution, and a second image is generated from the first image based on the guiding image, by using joint upsampling. The second image is generated at the second resolution. The vector contours can be generated by bitmap tracing binary images at different quantization levels. An apparatus and computer readable device implementing the method of increasing the resolution of an image are also provided.Type: GrantFiled: June 9, 2015Date of Patent: November 8, 2016Assignee: AT&T INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY I, L.P.Inventors: Shankar Krishnan, James Klosowski
-
Patent number: 9490182Abstract: Methods and systems for evaluating the performance of multiple patterning processes are presented. Patterned structures are measured and one or more parameter values characterizing geometric errors induced by the multiple patterning process are determined. In some examples, a single patterned target and a multiple patterned target are measured, the collected data fit to a combined measurement model, and the value of a structural parameter indicative of a geometric error induced by the multiple patterning process is determined based on the fit. In some other examples, light having a diffraction order different from zero is collected and analyzed to determine the value of a structural parameter that is indicative of a geometric error induced by a multiple patterning process. In some embodiments, a single diffraction order different from zero is collected. In some examples, a metrology target is designed to enhance light diffracted at an order different from zero.Type: GrantFiled: December 17, 2014Date of Patent: November 8, 2016Assignee: KLA-Tencor CorporationInventors: Andrei V. Shchegrov, Shankar Krishnan, Kevin Peterlinz, Thaddeus Gerard Dziura, Noam Sapiens, Stilian Ivanov Pandev
-
Patent number: 9470639Abstract: Methods and systems for performing broadband spectroscopic metrology with reduced sensitivity to grating anomalies are presented herein. A reduction in sensitivity to grating anomalies is achieved by selecting a subset of available system parameter values for measurement analysis. The reduction in sensitivity to grating anomalies enables an optimization of any combination of precision, sensitivity, accuracy, system matching, and computational effort. These benefits are particularly evident in optical metrology systems having large ranges of available azimuth angle, angle of incidence, illumination wavelength, and illumination polarization. Predictions of grating anomalies are determined based on a measurement model that accurately represents the interaction between the measurement system and the periodic metrology target under measurement. A subset of available system parameter values is selected to reduce the impact of grating anomalies on measurement results.Type: GrantFiled: February 3, 2016Date of Patent: October 18, 2016Assignee: KLA-Tencor CorporationInventors: Guorong V. Zhuang, Shankar Krishnan, Lanhua Wei, Walter Mieher, Paul Aoyagi
-
Publication number: 20160286694Abstract: Apparatuses, methods and storage media associated with cooling one or more heat-generating components of an electronic device are disclosed herein. In embodiments, an electronic device may include a tank that may include a dielectric fluid and one or more heat-generating components. The electronic device may further include one or more transducers coupled with the tank. The transducers may be configured to generate an ultrasonic wave that controls movement of the dielectric fluid at a location within the tank. Other embodiments may be described and/or claimed.Type: ApplicationFiled: March 25, 2015Publication date: September 29, 2016Inventors: Shankar Krishnan, Richard C. Stamey, Brian S. Jarrett, Geoffrey G. Von Allmen
-
Patent number: 9456178Abstract: A system that incorporates the subject disclosure performs, for example, displaying a video image of a remote scene at a display surface, wherein the remote scene is remote from the display surface. Overlapping video images are obtained from different vantage points of a local scene observable from the display surface. A composite video image is generated of the local scene from the video images and forwarded to the remote location. A first audio signal is generated representing first sounds associated with a first region of the local scene without representing other sounds associated with a second region of the local scene. The first audio signal is forwarded to audio processing equipment at the remote location to present the first sounds at a first region of the remote scene at the remote location without presenting the first sounds at a second region of the remote scene. Other embodiments are disclosed.Type: GrantFiled: November 25, 2015Date of Patent: September 27, 2016Assignee: AT&T INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY I, L.P.Inventors: Svetlana Yarosh, Shankar Krishnan
-
Patent number: 9433132Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure are directed toward techniques and configurations for immersion cooling. In embodiments, an apparatus configured for immersion cooling may include a number of trays and a fluid circulation system. The number of trays may be configured to hold one or more circuit boards and may have a first opening to allow dielectric fluid to be injected into the tray, and a second opening to allow for escape of the dielectric fluid. The fluid circulation system may include a catchment area to collect the dielectric fluid that escapes from the plurality of trays and a distribution manifold coupled with the catchment area, to deliver the dielectric fluid collected in the catchment area back to the plurality of trays. Other embodiments may be described and/or claimed.Type: GrantFiled: August 8, 2014Date of Patent: August 30, 2016Assignee: Intel CorporationInventors: Shankar Krishnan, Eric D. McAfee, Tod A. Byquist
-
Publication number: 20160245741Abstract: Methods and systems for performing broadband spectroscopic metrology with reduced sensitivity to focus errors are presented herein. Significant reductions in sensitivity to focus position error are achieved by imaging the measurement spot onto the detector such that the direction aligned with the plane of incidence on the wafer surface is oriented perpendicular to the direction of wavelength dispersion on the detector surface. This reduction in focus error sensitivity enables reduced focus accuracy and repeatability requirements, faster focus times, and reduced sensitivity to wavelength errors without compromising measurement accuracy. In a further aspect, the dimension of illumination field projected on the wafer plane in the direction perpendicular to the plane of incidence is adjusted to optimize the resulting measurement accuracy and speed based on the nature of target under measurement.Type: ApplicationFiled: August 24, 2015Publication date: August 25, 2016Inventors: Shankar Krishnan, Guorong V. Zhuang, David Y. Wang, Xuefeng Liu
-
Patent number: 9404872Abstract: The present invention may include an illumination source configured to illuminate a surface of a sample, a detector configured to detect at least a portion of light reflected from the surface of the sample, a selectably configurable optical system comprising: a rotatable polarizing element disposed in the illumination arm of the optical system, an analyzing element disposed in the collection arm of the optical system, and a rotatable-translatable compensator element disposed in the collection arm of the optical system, and a control system communicatively configured to selectably configure the optical system in the a rotating compensator (RCSE) mode, a rotating polarizer (RPSE) mode, or a rotating polarizer and compensator (RPRC) mode.Type: GrantFiled: June 29, 2012Date of Patent: August 2, 2016Assignee: KLA-Tencor CorporationInventors: Haiming Wang, Guorong V. Zhuang, Shankar Krishnan, Klaus Flock, Johannes D. de Veer
-
Publication number: 20160193703Abstract: Method of manufacture, comprising forming a heat-transfer structure. Forming the heat-transfer structure includes forming a metallic planar substrate having a front surface and a back surface, the back surface being opposite the front surface. Forming the heat-transfer structure also includes forming an array of metallic raised features located directly on each of the front and back surfaces. Respective portions of the raised features are configured to be mechanically bend or buckle plastically deformable via a compressive force applied between a first substrate and a second substrate.Type: ApplicationFiled: February 25, 2016Publication date: July 7, 2016Inventors: Roger Scott Kempers, Shankar Krishnan, Alan Michael Lyons, Todd Richard Salamon
-
Publication number: 20160178475Abstract: The present disclosure describes embodiments of a computing system having a circuit for detecting a leak of a liquid in the cooling system and associated techniques and configurations. In some embodiments, the computing system includes a server board having a cooling system, and the circuit, wherein the circuit includes a first conducting element disposed on a substrate and coupled to a first voltage and a second conducting element disposed on the substrate and coupled to a second voltage. The first and second conducting elements are proximately disposed near each other, and the proximate positions are selected such that voltage across the conducting elements changes when a liquid is in simultaneous contact with the two conducting elements. In some embodiments, a detection circuit is coupled to the two electrodes to detect when the liquid is in simultaneous contact with the two conducting elements. Other embodiments may be disclosed and/or claimed.Type: ApplicationFiled: December 17, 2014Publication date: June 23, 2016Inventors: Shankar Krishnan, Scott M. Rider, Wilson E. Smoak
-
Publication number: 20160139032Abstract: An inspection system is provided that can include a reflectometer having a light source for projecting light, and a light splitter for receiving the light projected by the light source, transforming at least one aspect of the light, and projecting the light once transformed. The reflectometer further has an off-axis unobscured objective lens through which the light transformed by the light splitter passes to contact a fabricated component, and has a detector for detecting a result of the transformed light contacting the fabricated component. The inspection system can additionally, or alternatively, include an ellipsometer having a light source similar to the reflectometer, and further a polarizing element to polarize the light of the light splitter. The polarized light passes through an off-axis unobscured objective lens to contact a fabricated component, and a detector detects a result of the polarized light contacting the fabricated component.Type: ApplicationFiled: March 25, 2015Publication date: May 19, 2016Inventors: Claudio Rampoldi, Barry Blasenheim, Alexander Kuznetsov, Shankar Krishnan, Andrei V. Shchegrov
-
Patent number: 9308571Abstract: An apparatus comprising a first substrate having a first surface, a second substrate having a second surface facing the first surface and an array of metallic raised features being in contact with the first surface to the second surface, a portion of the raised features having a mechanical bend or buckle plastic deformation produced therein via a compressive force. One or more of the metallic raised features has one or more surface singularities therein prior to the mechanical bend or the buckle plastic deformation produced by the compressive force.Type: GrantFiled: September 19, 2014Date of Patent: April 12, 2016Assignee: Alcatel LucentInventors: Roger Scott Kempers, Shankar Krishnan, Alan Michael Lyons, Todd Richard Salamon
-
Patent number: 9310290Abstract: An apparatus includes (i) a bright light source for providing an illumination beam at multiple wavelengths selectable with a range from a deep ultraviolet wavelength to an infrared wavelength, (ii) illumination optics for directing the illumination beam towards a sample at selectable sets of angles of incidence (AOI's) or azimuth angles (AZ's) and polarization states to provide spectroscopic ellipsometry, wherein the illumination optics include an apodizer for controlling a spot size of the illumination beam on the sample at each of the selectable AOI/AZ sets, (iii) collection optics for directing an output beam from the sample in response to the illumination beam at each of the selectable AOI/AZ sets and polarization states towards a detector that generates an output signal or image based on the output beam, and (v) a controller for characterizing a feature of the sample based on the output signal or image.Type: GrantFiled: June 19, 2015Date of Patent: April 12, 2016Assignee: KLA-Tencor CorporationInventors: David Y. Wang, Klaus Flock, Lawrence Rotter, Shankar Krishnan, Johannes D. de Veer, Catalin Filip, Gregory Brady, Muzammil Arain, Andrei Shchegrov
-
Publication number: 20160080691Abstract: A system that incorporates the subject disclosure performs, for example, displaying a video image of a remote scene at a display surface, wherein the remote scene is remote from the display surface. Overlapping video images are obtained from different vantage points of a local scene observable from the display surface. A composite video image is generated of the local scene from the video images and forwarded to the remote location. A first audio signal is generated representing first sounds associated with a first region of the local scene without representing other sounds associated with a second region of the local scene. The first audio signal is forwarded to audio processing equipment at the remote location to present the first sounds at a first region of the remote scene at the remote location without presenting the first sounds at a second region of the remote scene. Other embodiments are disclosed.Type: ApplicationFiled: November 25, 2015Publication date: March 17, 2016Inventors: Svetlana Yarosh, Shankar Krishnan
-
Publication number: 20160044833Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure are directed toward techniques and configurations for immersion cooling. In embodiments, an apparatus configured for immersion cooling may include a number of trays and a fluid circulation system. The number of trays may be configured to hold one or more circuit boards and may have a first opening to allow dielectric fluid to be injected into the tray, and a second opening to allow for escape of the dielectric fluid. The fluid circulation system may include a catchment area to collect the dielectric fluid that escapes from the plurality of trays and a distribution manifold coupled with the catchment area, to deliver the dielectric fluid collected in the catchment area back to the plurality of trays. Other embodiments may be described and/or claimed.Type: ApplicationFiled: August 8, 2014Publication date: February 11, 2016Inventors: Shankar Krishnan, Eric D. McAfee, Tod A. Byquist
-
Patent number: 9228943Abstract: The present invention may include an illumination source, a detector, a selectably adjustable optical system including a dynamically adjustable illumination pupil of the illumination arm, a dynamically adjustable collection pupil of the collection arm, a dynamically adjustable illumination field stop of the illumination arm, a dynamically adjustable collection field stop of the collection arm, a sensor configured to measure one or more optical characteristics of one or more components of the optical system, and a control system configured to selectably dynamically adjust at least one of the illumination pupil, the collection pupil, the illumination field stop, the collection field stop, and a spectral radiance of the illumination source.Type: GrantFiled: October 26, 2012Date of Patent: January 5, 2016Assignee: KLA-Tencor CorporationInventors: David Y. Wang, Guorong Vera Zhuang, Johannes D. de Veer, Kevin Peterlinz, Shankar Krishnan
-
Patent number: 9232183Abstract: A system that incorporates the subject disclosure performs, for example, displaying a video image of a remote scene at a display surface, wherein the remote scene is remote from the display surface. Overlapping video images are obtained from different vantage points of a local scene observable from the display surface. A composite video image is generated of the local scene from the video images and forwarded to the remote location. A first audio signal is generated representing first sounds associated with a first region of the local scene without representing other sounds associated with a second region of the local scene. The first audio signal is forwarded to audio processing equipment at the remote location to present the first sounds at a first region of the remote scene at the remote location without presenting the first sounds at a second region of the remote scene. Other embodiments are disclosed.Type: GrantFiled: April 19, 2013Date of Patent: January 5, 2016Assignee: AT&T Intellectual Property I, LPInventors: Svetlana Yarosh, Shankar Krishnan
-
Publication number: 20150324960Abstract: A system that incorporates the subject disclosure may include, for example, partitioning the image into a group of blocks, calculating principle bilateral filtered image components for a first subset of the group of blocks where the principle bilateral filtered image components are not calculated for a second subset of the group of blocks, and applying an infinite impulse response filter to the image using the principle bilateral filtered image components. Other embodiments are disclosed.Type: ApplicationFiled: July 10, 2015Publication date: November 12, 2015Inventors: Chao Tian, Shankar Krishnan
-
Publication number: 20150285735Abstract: An apparatus includes (i) a bright light source for providing an illumination beam at multiple wavelengths selectable with a range from a deep ultraviolet wavelength to an infrared wavelength, (ii) illumination optics for directing the illumination beam towards a sample at selectable sets of angles of incidence (AOI's) or azimuth angles (AZ's) and polarization states to provide spectroscopic ellipsometry, wherein the illumination optics include an apodizer for controlling a spot size of the illumination beam on the sample at each of the selectable AOI/AZ sets, (iii) collection optics for directing an output beam from the sample in response to the illumination beam at each of the selectable AOI/AZ sets and polarization states towards a detector that generates an output signal or image based on the output beam, and (v) a controller for characterizing a feature of the sample based on the output signal or image.Type: ApplicationFiled: June 19, 2015Publication date: October 8, 2015Applicant: KLA- Tencor CorporationInventors: David Y. Wang, Klaus Flock, Lawrence Rotter, Shankar Krishnan, Johannes D. de Veer, Catalin Filip, Gregory Brady, Muzammil Arain, Andrei Shchegrov
-
Patent number: 9146156Abstract: The present invention may include loading a diagnostic sample onto a sample stage, focusing light from an illumination source disposed on a multi-axis stage onto the diagnostic sample, collecting a portion of light reflected from a surface of the diagnostic sample utilizing a detector, wherein the illumination source and the detector are optically direct-coupled via an optical system, acquiring a set of diagnostic parameters indicative of illumination source position drift from the diagnostic sample, determining a magnitude of the illumination source position drift by comparing the acquired set of diagnostic parameters to an initial set of parameters obtained from the diagnostic sample at a previously measured alignment condition, determining a direction of the illumination source position drift; and providing illumination source position adjustment parameters configured to correct the determined magnitude and direction of the illumination source position drift to the multi-axis actuation control system of thType: GrantFiled: October 31, 2011Date of Patent: September 29, 2015Assignee: KLA-Tencor CorporationInventors: Guorong V. Zhuang, Shankar Krishnan, Johannes D. de Veer, Klaus Flock, David Y. Wang, Lawrence D. Rotter