Abstract: A user's session of a web application or a website in a web browser is recorded and replayed while protecting private and sensitive data from unauthorized access. All the captured data needed to re-create (replay) the user's session in the browser itself is recorded and exported on demand. The need to transmit potentially sensitive and private data continuously to external server(s) is eliminated while still guaranteeing availability of a record of user activity leading up to any point of interest during the user's session. By encrypting recording information and redacting all non-layout content (e.g. text nodes, images, inputs) from the browser DOM before capturing the DOM, the visual layout of the page is maintained and the probability of leaking the user's sensitive or private information is reduced. The replaying user is still able to derive meaningful information about the user's interaction with the web application or website without jeopardizing privacy.