Abstract: Various injector cooling structures and related engine systems and methods are provided. In one example, an injector cooling structure includes a cooling channel defined by a cooling jacket of a turbine. A cooling bore is provided at least partially within the cooling jacket, with the cooling bore configured to receive a pintle of an injector. The cooling channel is configured to circulate coolant for cooling the injector.

Abstract: Embodiments provide a method comprising estimating a first set of log-likelihood ratio (LLR) values for a plurality of memory cells of a memory; based on the first set of LLR values, performing a first error correcting code (ECC) decoding operation; in response to determining a failure of the first ECC decoding operation, generating, by adjusting the first set of LLR values, a second set of LLR values for the plurality of memory cells; and based on the second set of LLR values, performing a second ECC decoding operation.

Abstract: Systems, methods, apparatus, and techniques are provided for producing encoded trellis coded modulation (TCM) data from user information. Encoding parameters are selected based on a target information rate. The encoding parameters include a first dimensionality value and a second dimensionality value. A first part of the user information is encoded based on the first dimensionality value to produce a first number of coded bits, and a second part of the user information is encoded based on the second dimensionality value to produce a second number of coded bits.

Abstract: Various embodiments for an exhaust gas treatment device for a vehicle system are provided. In one example, the vehicle system includes an engine with a longitudinal axis, where a crankshaft of the engine is parallel to the longitudinal axis and an exhaust gas treatment device mounted on the engine, vertically above the engine such that a longitudinal axis of the exhaust gas treatment device is aligned in parallel with the longitudinal axis of the engine, the exhaust gas treatment device configured to receive exhaust gas from an exhaust manifold of the engine.

Abstract: A read module reads memory cells along a first word line by applying a plurality of threshold voltages to the first word line; generates first information about a first memory cell located along the first word line and a first bit line indicating a location of a threshold voltage distribution of the first memory cell relative to the plurality of threshold voltages; reads a second memory cell located along the first word line, a second word line near the first word line, or a second bit line near the first bit line; and generates second information about the second memory cell indicating a state of the second memory cell causing interference to the first memory cell. A compensation module compensates for the interference by assigning one or more of a log-likelihood ratio and a hard decision to the first memory cells based on the first information and the second information.

Abstract: Embodiments provide a method comprising estimating a first set of log-likelihood ratio (LLR) values for a plurality of memory cells of a memory; based on the first set of LLR values, performing a first error correcting code (ECC) decoding operation; in response to determining a failure of the first ECC decoding operation, generating, by adjusting the first set of LLR values, a second set of LLR values for the plurality of memory cells; and based on the second set of LLR values, performing a second ECC decoding operation.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for decoding data using hard decisions and soft information. In particular, the systems and methods described herein are directed to decoders having variable nodes and check nodes, each with multiple states. The systems and methods include receiving, at a decoder during a first iteration, values for each of a plurality of variable nodes, and determining, during a second iteration, one or more indications for each of a plurality of check nodes based on the one or more values of the variable nodes received during the first iteration. The methods further include updating, at the decoder during the second iteration, the values for each of the variable nodes based on the values of the respective variable node received during the first iteration, and the indications for each of the plurality connected check nodes during the first iteration.

Abstract: Various systems are provided for a support structure. In one embodiment, a system comprises a support structure including a plurality of support legs, a first end of each support leg of the plurality of support legs coupled to a respective cylinder head of a plurality of cylinder heads mountable to an engine block, the plurality of support legs configurable to support an exhaust aftertreatment system.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for decoding data using hard decisions and erasures. Circuitry receives data from each of a plurality of variable nodes which correspond to bits of data being decoded. Each variable node stores one of at least three values. The circuitry determines processes the values received from the plurality of variable nodes according to a set of processing rules. The processing rules are used to determine a condition related to the values stored by the plurality of variable nodes. The circuitry stores an indication of the stored condition at a check node.

Abstract: An apparatus includes, in at least one aspect, a memory interface configured to connect with a plurality of multi-level memory cells and a circuitry coupled with the memory interface. The plurality of multi-level memory cells include a first page and a second page. The first page is associated with bits of a first significance. The second page is associated with bits of a second significance. The circuitry is configured to map a first portion of an encoded data sector to the first page and map a second portion of the encoded data sector to the second page. The first portion excludes the second portion and the second portion excludes the first portion such that each of the first page and the second page contains different data from the encoded data sector.

Abstract: Various methods and systems are provided for diagnosing an engine component condition in an exhaust gas recirculation system. In one example, a method includes selectively routing exhaust from a subset of engine cylinders to an exhaust passage via a first valve and to an intake passage via a second valve, and obtaining one or more of a pressure or temperature from the subset of engine cylinders. The method further includes indicating an engine component condition based on the one or more of the pressure or temperature.

Abstract: A method includes selecting a first memory cell located along a first bit line and a first word line of a memory array. The method further includes selecting a second memory cell located along (i) the first word line, (ii) a second word line that is adjacent to the first word line, or (iii) a second bit line that is adjacent to the first bit line. A location of the second memory cell is selected based on a predetermined sequence of programming the memory cells. The method further includes writing data in the first memory cell, subsequently writing data in the second memory cell, and reading the first memory cell and the second memory cell. The method further includes detecting one or more states of the second memory causing interference to the first memory cell.

Abstract: A controller for a nonvolatile memory device includes a transfer control module and a decoder module. The transfer control module is configured to request a read of data from a flash memory module. The data to be read includes data corresponding to a first codeword. The transfer control module is configured to receive hard decisions corresponding to the first codeword from the flash memory module. The transfer control module is configured to receive soft information corresponding to the first codeword from the flash memory module. Both the hard decisions corresponding to the first codeword and the soft information corresponding to the first codeword are received without receiving any intervening hard decisions or soft information corresponding to another codeword. The decoder module is configured to decode the first codeword using the hard decisions and the soft information corresponding to the first codeword.

Abstract: A system including a read module to perform a first read operation to determine a state of a memory cell, and in response to a first failure to decode data read from the memory cell, perform second and third read operations to determine the state of the memory cell. The memory cell has first and second threshold voltages when programmed to first and second states, respectively. A shift detection module detects, in response to a second failure to decode data read from the memory cell in the second and third read operations, a shift in a distribution of at least one of the first and second threshold voltages. A binning module divides the distribution into a plurality of bins. A log-likelihood ratio (LLR) module generates LLRs for the plurality of bins based on a variance of the distribution and adjusts the LLRs based on an amount of the shift.

Abstract: Systems and methods for encoding and decoding for communications or storage systems utilizing coded modulation are provided. A first portion of data is encoded with a first at least one encoding scheme. A second portion of the data id encoded with a second encoding scheme. A coset is selected from a plurality of cosets based at least in part on the encoded first portion of the data, where the plurality of cosets corresponds to a partition of a signal constellation. A signal vector is selected within the selected coset based at least in part on the encoded second portion of the data.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for decoding data. A first decoder attempts to decode the data based on a hard decision input for a symbol. When the attempt to decode the data based on the hard decision input fails, a request is transmitted reliability information for the symbol. Receiving circuitry receives the reliability information for the symbol, and a second decoder decodes the data based on the reliability information.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for decoding data. A decoder receives a plurality of variable node values for a plurality of variable nodes and processed reliability data for at least a subset of the plurality of variable nodes. Circuitry updates the variable node values based on the variable node values and the processed reliability data. The processed reliability data represents a version of the reliability data for at least the subset of the plurality of variable nodes.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for decoding data. A variable node value for a variable node is received at a first time, and reliability data for the variable node is received at a second time. The variable node is decoded using a first decoding scheme after the first time and before the second time, and the variable node is decoded using a second decoding scheme different from the first decoding scheme after the second time.