Abstract: A method of modulation implemented by a polarization insensitive integrated optical modulator (PIIOM). The method includes receiving, at an input, a continuous wave (CW) light, splitting, by a first polarization splitter-rotator (PSR), the CW light into a first light beam having a transverse electric (TE) polarization and a second light beam having a transverse magnetic (TM) polarization, rotating, by the first PSR, the second light beam having the TM polarization to generate a third light beam having the TE polarization, modulating, with a multiport modulator, the first light beam with data to generate a first output signal and the third light beam with data to generate a second output signal, combining, by a second PSR, the first output signal and the second output signal to form a modulated output CW light, and transmitting, at an output separate from the input, the modulated output CW light to an optical receiving device.

Abstract: A tunable hybrid laser has a gain chip and a wavelength selection chip. The wavelength selection chip includes a wavelength selective loop reflector. The wavelength selective loop reflector is configured to receive the amplified lightwave from the gain chip. The wavelength selective loop reflector includes a single optical coupler and a micro-ring resonator (MMR). The single optical coupler splits the amplified lightwave and provides portions thereof to different branches of the MRR. The MRR permits selection of a desired wavelength and reflects the portions of the amplified lightwave at the desired wavelength back to the single optical coupler, which combines the portions of the amplified lightwave at the desired wavelength to generate a reflection lightwave and a transmission lightwave. The reflection lightwave is returned to the gain chip to form the external cavity and the transmission lightwave is output from the tunable hybrid laser.

Abstract: Probabilistic generation and decoding modulation symbols for use with optical communication. Codewords are generated using combinations of symbols from a modulation symbol alphabet, and each type of modulation symbol is sequentially generated using a hardware efficient combination generator that performs as a virtual lookup table (LUT). Likewise, decoding can be performed by sequentially identifying locations of individual modulation symbols within the received codeword.

Abstract: A wavelength-division multiplexed (WDM) polarization-independent transmissive modulator (PITM) that receives a multi-wavelength continuous wave (CW) light of indeterminate polarization, splits the multi-wavelength CW light into two transverse electric (TE) polarized components, demultiplexer the polarized components into single-wavelength CW lights, modulates the single-wavelength CW lights using four-port cross-state or bypass-state modulators, multiplexes the modulated output of the four-port modulators (FPM) into two polarized modulated components, and combines the two polarized modulated components into a multi-wavelength modulated output signal.

Abstract: A transmission-type polarization insensitive modulator implemented as a polarization insensitive micro ring modulator (PIMRM) includes a first polarization splitter-rotator (PSR) configured to generate a first light beam and a second light beam having a common polarization from an input, a micro ring configured to modulate the first light beam with data to generate a first output signal, and modulate the second light beam with data to generate a second output signal, and a second PSR configured to combine the first output signal and the second output signal to form a modulated output signal, wherein the micro ring is disposed in between the first PSR and the second PSR.

Abstract: Systems and methods for creating and using a first and second group of training sequences in a training-aided single-carrier frequency domain equalization system. The first group of training sequences are conventional training sequences and the second group of training sequences are 90°-rotated versions of the first group of training sequences.

Abstract: A method for determining a source of pollutant emissions for a selected area includes: mapping a grid onto a representation of the selected area; collecting monitoring data for the selected data; from the monitoring data, assigning air pollution values and weather values to each cell in the grid using an interpolation method to estimate values for gap cells; re-sizing the grid to mitigate the influence of atmospheric turbulence on the air pollution values; and using weather factor separation to minimize the influence of weather from the air pollution values, resulting in air pollution values that reflect the net pollutant emissions for the selected area.

Abstract: An apparatus comprises: a first input tap; a first optical modulator coupled to the first input tap; a first output tap coupled to the first optical modulator so that the first optical modulator is positioned between the first input tap and the first output tap; and a controller indirectly coupled to the first input tap and the first output tap.

Abstract: Systems and methods for creating and using a first and second group of training sequences in a training-aided single-carrier frequency domain equalization system. The first group of training sequences are conventional training sequences and the second group of training sequences are 90°-rotated versions of the first group of training sequences.

Abstract: An apparatus comprises an uncooled laser; a splitter coupled to the laser; a first wavelength component coupled to the splitter; a local oscillator (LO) port coupled to the first wavelength component; a modulator coupled to the splitter; a second wavelength component coupled to the modulator; and a signal port coupled to the second wavelength component. A method comprises emitting an input light; splitting the input light into a first local oscillator (LO) optical signal and a first unmodulated optical signal; modulating the first unmodulated optical signal using polarization-multiplexed, high-order modulation to produce a first modulated optical signal; transmitting the first LO optical signal to a first duplex fiber; and transmitting the first modulated optical signal to a second duplex fiber.

Abstract: A method of modulation implemented by a polarization insensitive integrated optical modulator (PIIOM). The method includes receiving, at an input, a continuous wave (CW) light, splitting, by a first polarization splitter-rotator (PSR), the CW light into a first light beam having a transverse electric (TE) polarization and a second light beam having a transverse magnetic (TM) polarization, rotating, by the first PSR, the second light beam having the TM polarization to generate a third light beam having the TE polarization, modulating, with a multiport modulator, the first light beam with data to generate a first output signal and the third light beam with data to generate a second output signal, combining, by a second PSR, the first output signal and the second output signal to form a modulated output CW light, and transmitting, at an output separate from the input, the modulated output CW light to an optical receiving device.

Abstract: An apparatus comprising a polarization beam splitter optically coupled to a first light path and a second light path and configured to receive a CW light having a plurality of wavelengths, forward a first light beam of the CW light along the first light path, and forward a second light beam of the CW light along the second light path. A first multiplexer coupled to the first light path and configured to de-multiplex the first light beam into a first plurality of channels each corresponding to one of the plurality of wavelengths. A second multiplexer coupled to the second light path and configured to de-multiplex the second light beam into a second plurality of channels each corresponding to one of the plurality of wavelengths. A modulator coupled to the first multiplexer and the second multiplexer and configured to modulate the first plurality of channels and the second plurality of channels.

Abstract: A method comprising coupling a circuit to an opto-electronic package via an anisotropic conductive film (ACF), wherein the opto-electronic package is configured to communicate electrical signals via the coupling at a maximum frequency of about 10 gigahertz (GHz) to about 40 GHz. An apparatus comprising, an opto-electronic package comprising a plurality of first electrodes, and a circuit comprising a plurality of second electrodes, wherein at least one of the first electrodes is coupled to at least one of the second electrodes via an ACF, and wherein the opto-electronic package is configured to communicate electrical signals via the coupling at a maximum frequency of about 10 GHz to about 40 GHz.

Abstract: An electronic driver circuit for use with a modulator such as a segmented Mach-Zehnder Modulator (MZM) is provided. The electronic driver circuit includes a first delay buffer implemented as a first complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) inverter and a second delay buffer implemented as a second CMOS inverter. The second CMOS inverter follows the first CMOS inverter and has a second gate width smaller than a first gate width of the first CMOS inverter. The first CMOS inverter is configured to produce a first delayed electrical signal from a received electrical signal and the second CMOS inverter is configured to produce a second delayed electrical signal from the first delayed electrical signal produced by the first CMOS inverter.

Abstract: A photonic device comprising a base plate, a photonic laser coupled to the base plate, wherein the photonic laser is configured to generate a light, a lens coupled to the base plate, wherein the lens is configured to receive the light from the photonic laser, form a focused light, and pass the focused light to a reflector, and the reflector incorporated with the base plate such that the lens is positioned between the photonic laser and the reflector, wherein the reflector is configured to receive the focused light, and wherein the reflector is configured to steer a first portion of the focused light through the base plate using total internal reflection.

Abstract: A method for fabricating a photonic integrated circuit (PIC) comprises providing a wafer comprising an insulator layer positioned between a top semiconductor layer and a base semiconductor layer, patterning the top semiconductor layer to simultaneously define a waveguide and a first etch mask window for forming a fiber-guiding v-groove that substantially aligns to an axis of optical signal propagation of the waveguide, removing a first portion of the top semiconductor layer to form the waveguide according to the patterning, removing a second portion of the top semiconductor layer to form the first etch mask window according to the patterning, and forming the fiber-guiding v-groove according to the first etch mask window.

Abstract: An apparatus comprises a transistor outline (TO) package comprising a TO can holder; and a TO can at least partially embedded within the TO can holder; and a mode converter coupled to the TO package. A system comprises a mode converter comprising a lens configured to convert a mode of a light from a first mode size to a second mode size, wherein the first mode size is smaller than the second mode size; a silicon photonic chip comprising a waveguide configured to communicate the light; a fiber configured to couple to the lens and the waveguide; and a substrate configured to provide a support for the silicon photonic chip.

Abstract: Multiplexer and demultiplexer apparatuses are disclosed herein. In various embodiments, a demultiplexer apparatus comprises a receptacle having a collimate lens and configured to receive an inlet light, a substrate, a reflector mounted to the substrate and configured to reflect the inlet light. The reflector is either fixed or adjustable during assembly. The demultiplexer apparatus also includes a demultiplexer block coupled to the substrate and configured to receive the inlet light from the reflector and separate the inlet light into multiple wavelengths, a folding prism coupled to the substrate that receives and refracts the multiple wavelengths through the substrate, and a focal lens array coupled to the substrate to receive the focus of the multiple wavelengths.

Abstract: An apparatus comprising a first electrical driver configured to generate a first binary voltage signal according to first data, a second electrical driver configured to generate a second binary voltage signal according to second data, wherein the first data and the second data are different, and a first optical waveguide arm coupled to the first electrical driver and the second electrical driver, wherein the first optical waveguide arm is configured to shift a first phase of a first optical signal propagating along the first optical waveguide arm according to a first voltage difference between the first binary voltage signal and the second binary voltage signal to produce a first multi-level phase-shifted optical signal.

Abstract: A system comprises: a polarization state aligner (PSA) comprising: an input port; a first polarization beam splitter (PBS) coupled to the input port; a first phase shifter (PS) coupled to the first PBS; a first polarization rotator (PR) coupled to the first PBS; a first beam splitter (BS) coupled to the first PS and the first PR; a first output port coupled to the first BS; and a second output port coupled to the first BS.