Abstract: A method includes etching a dielectric layer of a substrate to form an opening in the dielectric layer, forming a metal layer extending into the opening, performing an anneal process, so that a bottom portion of the metal layer reacts with a semiconductor region underlying the metal layer to form a source/drain region, performing a plasma treatment process on the substrate using a process gas including hydrogen gas and a nitrogen-containing gas to form a silicon-and-nitrogen-containing layer, and depositing a metallic material on the silicon-and-nitrogen-containing layer.

Abstract: A semiconductor device and method of formation are provided. The semiconductor device comprises a silicide layer over a substrate, a metal plug in an opening defined by a dielectric layer over the substrate, a first metal layer between the metal plug and the dielectric layer and between the metal plug and the silicide layer, a second metal layer over the first metal layer, and an amorphous layer between the first metal layer and the second metal layer.

Abstract: A method includes etching a dielectric layer of a substrate to form an opening in the dielectric layer, forming a metal layer extending into the opening, performing an anneal process, so that a bottom portion of the metal layer reacts with a semiconductor region underlying the metal layer to form a source/drain region, performing a plasma treatment process on the substrate using a process gas including hydrogen gas and a nitrogen-containing gas to form a silicon-and-nitrogen-containing layer, and depositing a metallic material on the silicon-and-nitrogen-containing layer.

Abstract: A semiconductor device and method of formation are provided. The semiconductor device comprises a silicide layer over a substrate, a metal plug in an opening defined by a dielectric layer over the substrate, a first metal layer between the metal plug and the dielectric layer and between the metal plug and the silicide layer, a second metal layer over the first metal layer, and an amorphous layer between the first metal layer and the second metal layer.

Abstract: Semiconductor device structure and methods of forming the same are described. The structure includes a dielectric layer disposed over an epitaxy source/drain region and a conductive feature disposed in the dielectric layer. The conductive feature includes a metal liner including a first material and a metal fill surrounded by the metal liner. The metal fill includes the first material having a first grain size. The conductive feature further includes a metal cap disposed on the metal liner and the metal fill, and the metal cap includes the first material having a second grain size different from the first grain size.

Abstract: A semiconductor device with multiple silicide regions is provided. In embodiments a first silicide precursor and a second silicide precursor are deposited on a source/drain region. A first silicide with a first phase is formed, and the second silicide precursor is insoluble within the first phase of the first silicide. The first phase of the first silicide is modified to a second phase of the first silicide, and the second silicide precursor being soluble within the second phase of the first silicide. A second silicide is formed with the second silicide precursor and the second phase of the first silicide.

Abstract: A semiconductor device with multiple silicide regions is provided. In embodiments a first silicide precursor and a second silicide precursor are deposited on a source/drain region. A first silicide with a first phase is formed, and the second silicide precursor is insoluble within the first phase of the first silicide. The first phase of the first silicide is modified to a second phase of the first silicide, and the second silicide precursor being soluble within the second phase of the first silicide. A second silicide is formed with the second silicide precursor and the second phase of the first silicide.

Abstract: Embodiments disclosed herein relate generally to forming an effective metal diffusion barrier in sidewalls of epitaxy source/drain regions. In an embodiment, a structure includes an active area having a source/drain region on a substrate, a dielectric layer over the active area and having a sidewall aligned with the sidewall of the source/drain region, and a conductive feature along the sidewall of the dielectric layer to the source/drain region. The source/drain region has a sidewall and a lateral surface extending laterally from the sidewall of the source/drain region, and the source/drain region further includes a nitrided region extending laterally from the sidewall of the source/drain region into the source/drain region. The conductive feature includes a silicide region along the lateral surface of the source/drain region and along at least a portion of the sidewall of the source/drain region.

Abstract: A semiconductor device with multiple silicide regions is provided. In embodiments a first silicide precursor and a second silicide precursor are deposited on a source/drain region. A first silicide with a first phase is formed, and the second silicide precursor is insoluble within the first phase of the first silicide. The first phase of the first silicide is modified to a second phase of the first silicide, and the second silicide precursor being soluble within the second phase of the first silicide. A second silicide is formed with the second silicide precursor and the second phase of the first silicide.

Abstract: A method includes etching a dielectric layer of a substrate to form an opening in the dielectric layer, forming a metal layer extending into the opening, performing an anneal process, so that a bottom portion of the metal layer reacts with a semiconductor region underlying the metal layer to form a source/drain region, performing a plasma treatment process on the substrate using a process gas including hydrogen gas and a nitrogen-containing gas to form a silicon-and-nitrogen-containing layer, and depositing a metallic material on the silicon-and-nitrogen-containing layer.

Abstract: A device includes a fin extending from a semiconductor substrate, a gate stack over and along a sidewall of the fin, an isolation region surrounding the gate stack, an epitaxial source/drain region in the fin and adjacent the gate stack, and a source/drain contact extending through the isolation region, including a first silicide region in the epitaxial source/drain region, the first silicide region including NiSi2, a second silicide region on the first silicide region, the second silicide region including TiSix, and a conductive material on the second silicide region.

Abstract: Embodiments disclosed herein relate generally to forming an effective metal diffusion barrier in sidewalls of epitaxy source/drain regions. In an embodiment, a structure includes an active area having a source/drain region on a substrate, a dielectric layer over the active area and having a sidewall aligned with the sidewall of the source/drain region, and a conductive feature along the sidewall of the dielectric layer to the source/drain region. The source/drain region has a sidewall and a lateral surface extending laterally from the sidewall of the source/drain region, and the source/drain region further includes a nitrided region extending laterally from the sidewall of the source/drain region into the source/drain region. The conductive feature includes a silicide region along the lateral surface of the source/drain region and along at least a portion of the sidewall of the source/drain region.

Abstract: A semiconductor device with multiple silicide regions is provided. In embodiments a first silicide precursor and a second silicide precursor are deposited on a source/drain region. A first silicide with a first phase is formed, and the second silicide precursor is insoluble within the first phase of the first silicide. The first phase of the first silicide is modified to a second phase of the first silicide, and the second silicide precursor being soluble within the second phase of the first silicide. A second silicide is formed with the second silicide precursor and the second phase of the first silicide.

Abstract: A method includes etching a dielectric layer of a substrate to form an opening in the dielectric layer, forming a metal layer extending into the opening, performing an anneal process, so that a bottom portion of the metal layer reacts with a semiconductor region underlying the metal layer to form a source/drain region, performing a plasma treatment process on the substrate using a process gas including hydrogen gas and a nitrogen-containing gas to form a silicon-and-nitrogen-containing layer, and depositing a metallic material on the silicon-and-nitrogen-containing layer.

Abstract: A device includes a fin extending from a semiconductor substrate, a gate stack over and along a sidewall of the fin, an isolation region surrounding the gate stack, an epitaxial source/drain region in the fin and adjacent the gate stack, and a source/drain contact extending through the isolation region, including a first silicide region in the epitaxial source/drain region, the first silicide region including NiSi2, a second silicide region on the first silicide region, the second silicide region including TiSix, and a conductive material on the second silicide region.

Abstract: A method for forming a semiconductor contact structure is provided. The method includes depositing a dielectric layer over a substrate. The method also includes etching the dielectric layer to expose a sidewall of the dielectric layer and a top surface of the substrate. In addition, the method includes forming a silicide region in the substrate. The method also includes applying a plasma treatment to the sidewall of the dielectric layer and the top surface of the substrate to form a nitridation region adjacent to a periphery of the silicide region. The method further includes depositing an adhesion layer on the dielectric layer and the silicide region.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes a method to a metallization process with improved gap fill properties. The method includes forming a contact opening in an oxide, forming a barrier layer in the contact opening, forming a liner layer on the barrier layer, and forming a first metal layer on the liner layer to partially fill the contact opening. The method further includes forming a second metal layer on the first metal layer to fill the contact opening, where forming the second metal layer includes sputter depositing the second metal layer with a first radio frequency (RF) power and a direct current power, as well as reflowing the second metal layer with a second RF power.

Abstract: A device includes a fin extending from a semiconductor substrate, a gate stack over and along a sidewall of the fin, an isolation region surrounding the gate stack, an epitaxial source/drain region in the fin and adjacent the gate stack, and a source/drain contact extending through the isolation region, including a first silicide region in the epitaxial source/drain region, the first silicide region including NiSi2, a second silicide region on the first silicide region, the second silicide region including TiSix, and a conductive material on the second silicide region.

Abstract: A semiconductor device and method of formation are provided. The semiconductor device comprises a metal plug in a first opening over a substrate, the metal plug is over a silicide layer, and the silicide layer is over a metal oxide layer. The metal oxide layer has an oxygen gradient, such that a percentage of oxygen increases from a top surface of the metal oxide layer to a bottom surface of the metal oxide layer. The metal oxide layer unpins the Fermi level of the interface between the metal plug and the substrate, which is exhibited by a lowered Schottky barrier height (SBH) and increased oxygen vacancy states between the V.B. and the C.B. of the metal oxide layer, which decreases the intrinsic resistivity between the metal plug and the substrate as compared to a semiconductor device that lacks such a metal oxide layer.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes a method to a metallization process with improved gap fill properties. The method includes forming a contact opening in an oxide, forming a barrier layer in the contact opening, forming a liner layer on the barrier layer, and forming a first metal layer on the liner layer to partially fill the contact opening. The method further includes forming a second metal layer on the first metal layer to fill the contact opening, where forming the second metal layer includes sputter depositing the second metal layer with a first radio frequency (RF) power and a direct current power, as well as reflowing the second metal layer with a second RF power.