Abstract: In an optical pickup, light, emitted from a light-emitting element, is transmitted through a first beam splitter film with polarization selectivity, and a zero-order diffraction beam and two (.+-.) first order diffraction beams are produced. These beams are applied in a condensed manner to an optical disk through a condensing element, and the return light beam from the optical disk is fed to a photodetector through a second beam splitter film with polarization selectivity, thereby effecting the recording and reproduction of information, the tracking and the focusing. A diffusion angle conversion hologram is provided between the light-emitting element and the first beam splitter film, and with respect to the diffusion angle conversion hologram, the relation between the diffusion angle of the incident beam and the diffusion angle of the outgoing beam is specified.

Abstract: In an optical pickup, an optical guide member is provided in an optical path of light from a light source, and has a plurality of inclined surfaces inclined with respect to a light beam emitted from the light source. A light-receiving element is provided for receiving light and for converting the received light into an electrical signal. The optical guide member and the light-receiving element are contained in a packaging member. The light beam from the light source is reflected by the plurality of inclined surfaces of the optical guide member, and then are directed to a recording medium. The reflected light from the recording medium is directed to the light-receiving element. At least one of dry air and inert gas such as nitrogen gas is charged in the interior of the packaging member at a pressure of 0.5 atm to 1.5 atm, thereby preventing the optical characteristics from being degraded.

Abstract: A light source beam is incident on an optical guide block and converted in its diffusion angle by a diffusion angle conversion film on a second inclined portion of the optical guide block, and reflected by a reflecting film on a first inclined portion. Then, the light is incident on a first beam splitter film on the second inclined portion and split into transmitted light and reflected light. The reflected light is focused an optical disk light reflected from the disc passes through the first beam splitter film, and then is transmitted and reflected by a second beam splitter film on a third inclined portion. This transmitted light is incident on a polarization plane conversion plate between the third inclined portion and a fourth inclined portion, so that P and S polarization components and are transmitted through and reflected by its polarized light splitting portion, respectively. The S polarization component is reflected by its reflecting surface toward light-receiving elements.

Abstract: An organic thin film electroluminescence element is disclosed. It comprises an organic compound represented by formula I in a luminescent layer or electron injection layer. The element may further comprises a compound represented by formula II in a hole injection layer. ##STR1## The definition is detailed in the description. The element has a greater intensity of luminescence and a high durability.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electrophotographic photoreceptor which comprises a conductive substrate and a photosensitive layer formed thereon, wherein the photosensitive layer contains a polysilane which is a homopolymer or a copolymer having at least one of repeating units represented by Formula (I) and Formula (II), and at least one of degradation inhibitors represented by Formula (III) through Formula (VIII), ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 each represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group, an alkylsilyl group or an arylsilyl group, ##STR2## wherein A.sub.1 represents an oxygen atom or a sulfur atomR.sub.12 --A.sub.2 --COCOOH Formula (V)wherein R.sub.12 represents an aryl group or a substituted group, A.sub.2 represents --CH.sub.2 -- or --CH.dbd.CR.sub.13 --, R.sub.

Abstract: A photoreceptor that has at least a subbing layer and a light-sensitive layer formed on an electro-conductive supports is disclosed. The improvement is that said subbing layer is formed of a copolymer comprising ethylene, vinyl acetate and an unsaturated carboxylic acid and/or vinyl alcohol.