Abstract: A cannabinoid receptor modulator containing a compound represented by Formula (I0) wherein, X is an oxygen atom, etc., R0 is an optionally substituted acylamino group, ring A0 is a benzene ring which may further have a substituent in addition to R0, and ring B is an optionally substituted 5-membered heterocycle, or a salt thereof or a prodrug thereof.

Abstract: A PKB (Akt) activating agent comprising a compound represented by the formula (I): wherein R1 and R2: H, a hydrocarbon group or a heterocyclic group or R1 and R2 form a ring in cooperation with the adjacent carbon atom; R3: H, a hydrocarbon group or a heterocyclic group; W: represents a group represented by the formulas: wherein ring A: an optionally substituted benzene ring; ring B: an optionally substituted 5- to 7-membered nitrogen-containing heterocycle; R4: an aliphatic hydrocarbon group substituted with an aromatic group and further optionally substituted, or an acyl group containing an aromatic group; R5: H, C1-6 alkyl or acyl; R4c: an aromatic group, an aliphatic hydrocarbon group or acyl; and X: O or S; Y: O, S or NH; and ring C: an optionally substituted benzene ring, or a salt or a prodrug thereof, and use of the activating agent in prevention or treatment of depression, anxiety, manic-depressive psychosis or PTSD are provided.

Abstract: A cannabinoid receptor modulator containing a compound represented by Formula (I0) wherein, X is an oxygen atom, etc., R0 is an optionally substituted acylamino group, ring A0 is a benzene ring which may further have a substituent in addition to R0, and ring B is an optionally substituted 5-membered heterocycle, or a salt thereof or a prodrug thereof.

Abstract: (1) A 1,3-thiazole compound of which the 5-position is substituted with a 4-pyridyl group having a substituent including no aromatic group or (2) a 1,3-thiazole compound of which the 5-position is substituted with a pyridyl group having at the position adjacent to a nitrogen atom of the pyridyl group a substituent including no aromatic group has an excellent p38 MAP kinase inhibitory activity.

Abstract: An optionally N-oxidized compound represented by the formula: wherein R1 represents hydrogen, hydrocarbon, heterocycle, amino, acyl, R2 represents an aromatic group, R3 represents hydrogen, pyridyl, aromatic hydrocarbon, X represents oxygen, optionally oxidized sulfur, Y represents a bond, an oxygen, optionally oxidized sulfur, a group represented by the formula NR4 (R4 represents hydrogen, hydrocarbon or acyl) and Z represents a bond or a divalent acyclic hydrocarbon, or a salt thereof has an excellent adenosine A3 receptor antagonistic activity and is used as an agent for preventing or treating diseases related to an adenosine A3 receptor. Furthermore, the compound (I) or a salt thereof has p38 MAP kinase inhibitory activity and TNF-? inhibitory activity and is used as an agent for preventing or treating diseases related to p38 MAP kinase and diseases related to TNF-?.

Abstract: A cannabinoid receptor modulator containing a compound represented by Formula (I0) wherein, X is an oxygen atom, etc., R0 is an optionally substituted acylamino group, ring A0 is a benzene ring which may further have a substituent in addition to R0, and ring B is an optionally substituted 5-membered heterocycle, or a salt thereof or a prodrug thereof.

Abstract: A cannabinoid receptor modulator containing a compound represented by Formula (I0) wherein, X is an oxygen atom, etc., R0 is an optionally substituted acylamino group, ring A0 is a benzene ring which may further have a substituent in addition to R0, and ring B is an optionally substituted 5-membered heterocycle, or a salt thereof or a prodrug thereof.

Abstract: Compounds represented by the formula: wherein R1 and R2 are hydrogen atom, a hydrocarbon group or a heterocyclic group, or R1 and R2 may form, together with the adjacent carbon atom, a 3- to 8-membered homocyclic or heterocyclic ring, W indicates a group represented by the formula: wherein R4 indicates (1) an aliphatic hydrocarbon group, which may be substituted with an aromatic group, or (2) an acyl group containing an aromatic group, R5 is hydrogen atom, a C1-6 alkyl, or an acyl group, R3 indicates a C6-14 aryl group, or salts thereof. The compounds have an excellent action to inhibit neurodegeneration as well as an excellent brain penetrability and are low in the toxicity, thereby being useful as drugs for nerve degenerative diseases.

Abstract: A cannabinoid receptor modulator containing a compound represented by Formula (I0) wherein, X is an oxygen atom, etc., R0 is an optionally substituted acylamino group, ring A0 is a benzene ring which may further have a substituent in addition to R0, and ring B is an optionally substituted 5-membered heterocycle, or a salt thereof or a prodrug thereof.

Abstract: An optionally N-oxidized compound represented by the formula: wherein R1 represents hydrogen, hydrocarbon, heterocycle, amino, acyl, R2 represents an aromatic group, R3 represents hydrogen, pyridyl, aromatic hydrocarbon, X represents oxygen, optionally oxidized sulfur, Y represents a bond, an oxygen, optionally oxidized sulfur, a group represented by the formula NR4 (R4 represents hydrogen, hydrocarbon or acyl) and Z represents a bond or a divalent acyclic hydrocarbon, or a salt thereof has an excellent adenosine A3 receptor antagonistic activity and is used as an agent for preventing or treating diseases related to an adenosine A3 receptor. Furthermore, the compound (I) or a salt thereof has p38 MAP kinase inhibitory activity and TNF-? inhibitory activity and is used as an agent for preventing or treating diseases related to p38 MAP kinase and diseases related to TNF-?.

Abstract: A compound represented by the formula: (wherein, R1 and R2 are the same or different and each represents a hydrogen atom, hydrocarbon group or heterocyclic group, or R1 and R2 may form, together with the adjacent carbon atom, a 3-8 membered iso- or heterocyclic group, R3 represents a cyclic group, a hydroxy group, a mercapto group that may have oxo, or an amino group, R4 represents a hydrogen atom, a hydrocarbon group, a hydroxy group, a mercapto group which may have oxo, or an amino group, or R2 and R4 may link together to form a double bond, X represents a bond or a linear hydrocarbon group, W represents an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom, ring B represents a 5-8 membered nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group, ring C represents a benzene ring, and represents a single bond or a double bond), or a salt or a prodrug thereof that has excellent neurodegenerative inhibitory activity and brain penetrability, and is useful as an agent for preventing/treating neurodegenerative diseases.

Abstract: A cannabinoid receptor modulator containing a compound represented by Formula (I0) wherein, X is an oxygen atom, etc., R0 is an optionally substituted acylamino group, ring A0 is a benzene ring which may further have a substituent in addition to R0, and ring B is an optionally substituted 5-membered heterocycle, or a salt thereof or a prodrug thereof.

Abstract: A compound represented by the formula: (wherein, R1 and R2 are the same or different and each represents a hydrogen atom, hydrocarbon group or heterocyclic group, or R1 and R2 may form, together with the adjacent carbon atom, a 3–8 membered iso- or heterocyclic group, R3 represents a cyclic group, a hydroxy group, a mercapto group that may have oxo, or an amino group, R4 represents a hydrogen atom, a hydrocarbon group, a hydroxy group, a mercapto group which may have oxo, or an amino group, or R2 and R4 may link together to form a double bond, X represents a bond or a linear hydrocarbon group, W represents an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom, ring B represents a 5–8 membered nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group, ring C represents a benzene ring, and— represents a single bond or a double bond), or a salt or a prodrug thereof that has excellent neurodegenerative inhibitory activity and brain penetrability, and is useful as an agent for preventing/treating neurodegenerative diseases.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor containing an azole compound (I) substituted by a nitrogen-containing aromatic group having substituent(s)(except a compound represented by the formula: ) or a salt thereof or a prodrug thereof.

Abstract: A PKB (Akt) activating agent comprising a compound represented by the formula (I): wherein R1 and R2: H, a hydrocarbon group or a heterocyclic group or R1 and R2 form a ring in cooperation with the adjacent carbon atom; R3: H, a hydrocarbon group or a heterocyclic group; W: represents a group represented by the formulas: wherein ring A: an optionally substituted benzene ring; ring B: an optionally substituted 5- to 7-membered nitrogen-containing heterocycle; R4: an aliphatic hydrocarbon group substituted with an aromatic group and further optionally substituted, or an acyl group containing an aromatic group; R5: H, C1-6 alkyl or acyl; R4c: an aromatic group, an aliphatic hydrocarbon group or acyl; and X: O or S; Y: O, S or NH; and ring C: an optionally substituted benzene ring, or a salt or a prodrug thereof, and use of the activating agent in prevention or treatment of depression, anxiety, manic-depressive psychosis or PTSD are provided.

Abstract: An optionally N-oxidized compound represented by the formula: wherein R1 represents hydrogen, hydrocarbon, heterocycle, amino, acyl, R2 represents an aromatic group, R3 represents hydrogen, pyridyl, aromatic hydrocarbon, X represents oxygen, optionally oxidized sulfur, Y represents a bond, an oxygen, optionally oxidized sulfur, a group represented by the formula NR4 (R4 represents hydrogen, hydrocarbon or acyl) and Z represents a bond or a divalent acyclic hydrocarbon, or a salt thereof has an excellent adenosine A3 receptor antagonistic activity and is used as an agent for preventing or treating diseases related to an adenosine A3 receptor. Furthermore, the compound (I) or a salt thereof has p38 MAP kinase inhibitory activity and TNF-? inhibitory activity and is used as an agent for preventing or treating diseases related to p38 MAP kinase and diseases related to TNF-?.

Abstract: Compounds represented by the formula: wherein R1 and R2 are hydrogen atom, a hydrocarbon group or a heterocyclic group, or R1 and R2 may form, together with the adjacent carbon atom, a 3- to 8-membered homocyclic or heterocyclic ring, W indicates (i) a group represented by the formula: wherein ring B indicates a 5- to 7-membered ring, or (ii) a group represented by the formula: wherein R4 indicates (1) an aliphatic hydrocarbon group, which may be substituted with an aromatic group, or (2) an acyl group containing an aromatic group, R5 is hydrogen atom, a C1-6 alkyl, or an acyl group, provided that, when W is Wa, R3 is hydrogen atom, a hydrocarbon group or a heterocyclic group, when W is Wb, R3 indicates a C6-14 aryl group, or salts thereof or prodrugs thereof have an excellent action to inhibit neurodegeneration and the like as well as an excellent brain penetrability and are low in the toxicity, thereby being useful as prophylactic or therapeutic drugs for nerve degenerative diseases and the

Abstract: An optionally N-oxidized compound represented by the formula: wherein R1 represents hydrogen, hydrocarbon, heterocycle, amino, acyl, R2 represents an aromatic group, R3 represents hydrogen, pyridyl, aromatic hydrocarbon, X represents oxygen, optionally oxidized sulfur, Y represents a bond, an oxygen, optionally oxidized sulfur, a group represented by the formula NR4 (R4 represents hydrogen, hydrocarbon or acyl) and Z represents a bond or a divalent acyclic hydrocarbon, or a salt thereof has an excellent adenosine A3 receptor antagonistic activity and is used as an agent for preventing or treating diseases related to an adenosine A3 receptor. Furthermore, the compound (I) or a salt thereof has p38 MAP kinase inhibitory activity and TNF-? inhibitory activity and is used as an agent for preventing or treating diseases related to p38 MAP kinase and diseases related to TNF-?.

Abstract: A compound of the formula: wherein R1 and R2 each is H or a hydrocarbon group which may be substituted, or R1 and R2 form a 3- to 8-membered carbo or heterocyclic ring which may be substituted; R3 is H, a lower alkyl which may be substituted or an aromatic group which may be substituted; R4 is (1) an aromatic group which may be substituted, (2) an aliphatic hydrocarbon group substituted by an aromatic group which may be substituted, which hydrocarbon group may be further substituted or (3) an acyl; X and Y each is oxygen or sulfur which may be oxidized; and ring A is a benzene ring which may be further substituted, or a salt thereof, is useful for an agent for suppressing neurodegeneration.

Abstract: A compound represented by the formula (I): or a salt thereof exhibits excellent inhibitory activity of lipid peroxidation and is useful as an agent for inhibiting lipoperoxide production, wherein ring A denotes a non-aromatic 5- to 7-membered nitrogen-containing heterocyclic ring which may be further substituted, B ring denotes a benzene ring which may be further substituted, C ring denotes a dihydrofuran ring which may be further substituted, and R denotes hydrogen atom or an acyl group.