Abstract: A pipelined adder for adding or subtracting two floating point input data each expressed by a sign data, an exponent data and a mantissa expressed in a sign-magnitude format, in accordance with an external operation mode designation signal to produce a floating point sum or difference data in a sign-magnitude format. In a first stage of the adder, the magnitudes of the exponent data of the input data are compared by a subtractor or a comparator and the magnitudes of the mantissa data of the input data are compared by a subtractor or a comparator. An actual operation mode for the mantissa data of the input data is determined, on the basis of the compare results of the exponent data and the mantissa data and the external operation mode designation signals, so that the operation result data is always expressed in a sign-magnitude format.

Abstract: A ceramic bonded structure with a high bonding strength has a first member of a ceramic, a ceramic-modified bonding layer formed on at least a bonding surface of the first member by a thermal treatment, a metal layer formed on the ceramic-modified bonding layer, and a second member of a ceramic or metal bonded with the first member through the metal layer.