Abstract: An optical receiver includes a PIN photodiode (PIN-PD) having an incident surface for receiving signal light, the PIN-PD transmitting a part of the signal light to the surface opposite to the incident surface, and an avalanche photodiode (APD) having an incident surface for receiving light transmitted through the PIN-PD. In the optical receiver, the ratio of the quantity of signal light detected by the PIN-PD and the ratio of the quantity of signal light detected by the APD are not affected by the polarization state of the signal light incident on the optical receiver, and accordingly the avalanche multiplication factor of the APD is suitably controlled on the basis of the signal light detected by the PIN-PD.

Abstract: The present invention provides a semiconductor laser module that reduces a shift of the output wavelength after the laser diode is practically operated. The laser module comprises the semiconductor laser, a thermistor, a thermoelectric cooler, a heater and a controller. When the temperature of the laser diode is out of a preset range, the heater is supplied a current for simulating the self-heating of the laser diode. After the temperature of the laser diode falls within the preset range, the current supplied to the heater is shut off and the laser diode is practically driven by providing the bias and the modulation currents thereto.

Abstract: The present invention provides an optical module able to reduce the power consumption thereof. The optical module, the package of which has a type of CAN or a co-axial shape, includes a Peltier device, a block, a laser diode (LD) and a photodiode. The block, mounting the LD on the side surface thereof, has a surface for reflecting the light emitted from the light-reflecting facet of the LD, and is mounted on the Peltier device. The photodiode, installed outside the Peltier device, receives the light emitted from the LD and reflected by the surface of the block. Since the photodiode is mounted outside the Peltier device, the cooling efficiency of the Peltier device may be enhanced, which saves the power consumption of the optical module.

Abstract: There is disclosed a lens barrel including a fixed frame, a rotary frame rotatable with respect to the fixed frame to advance or retract in an optical axis direction, and a rectilinear guide frame rotatable relative to the rotary frame to displace integrally with the rotary frame in the optical axis direction. In this structure, a front end portion of the rectilinear guide frame on a subject side in the optical axis direction is exposed from the rotary frame.

Abstract: To provide a transmitter optical subassembly that provides an enhanced high-frequency response without increasing the power consumption within a CAN-type package. The transmitter optical subassembly includes a semiconductor laser diode, an auxiliary circuit, and a package for installing the semiconductor laser diode and the auxiliary circuit. The auxiliary circuit generates a transient signal synchronized with the leading edge or falling edge of a driving signal for the semiconductor laser diode in an electrode of the semiconductor laser diode for a very short period in order to boost the response speed of the semiconductor laser diode. The auxiliary circuit operated intermittently so that it is not necessary to consider heat caused by the auxiliary circuit even in case the auxiliary circuit is installed in the package.

Abstract: The present invention provides an optical transceiver that enables to reduce the crosstalk from the optical transmitter to the optical receiver. The regenerator of the optical transceiver includes two main amplifiers, a selector, a selector control, and a re-shaper for shaping the receiving signal selected by the selector. The first main amplifier provides a first amplifier and a delay circuit connected in upstream to the first amplifier. The second main amplifier provides a second amplifier and a delay circuit connected in downstream to the second amplifier. The selector selects, based on the phase difference between the receiving signal Rx and the transmitting signal Tx, the output from the first main amplifier or that from the second main amplifier.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide an optical transmitter with reduced power consumption. The optical transmitter includes two laser diodes connected in series to each other, one of which is connected in the anode thereof to the first driver, while the other of which is connected in the cathode thereof to the second driver. Further, between the anode of the first laser diode and the cathode of the second laser diode connects an impedance device. In the present invention, the first and second laser diodes, and the impedance device have the substantially same impedance to each other within a concerned frequency range.

Abstract: A light-emitting module according to the present invention contains a Peltier element driver, and a signal processor for controlling the Peltier element driver. The Peltier element driver is mounted on a first substrate, which directly attaches to the inner bottom surface of the housing, while the signal processor is mounted on the other substrate spaced to the first substrate. The first substrate and the other substrate are vertically integrated within the housing. This arrangement enables to encase the Peltier element driver and the signal processor in the housing with effective thermal dissipation.

Abstract: An optical receiver includes an avalanche photodiode (APD) having a light-receiving area provided on a face of a first substrate, the light-receiving area receiving a part of signal light; a photodetector having a light-receiving area provided on a face of a second substrate, the light-receiving area receiving the other part of the signal light; and a mounting member having a principal plane on which the APD and the photodetector are mounted. Due to this structure, crosstalk between the APD and the photodetector does not occur and an avalanche multiplication factor of the APD can be controlled on the basis of the output current of the photodetector.

Abstract: An optical transceiver is disclosed, in which a noise attributed to the large current switching in the optical transmitter and superposed on the signal line in the optical receiver is effectively eliminated. The optical transceiver includes a noise generator and a delay circuit. The noise generator generates a compensation signal from the input signal of the optical transmitter. The compensation signal, having the same waveform and the phase with the noise superposed on the signal line, is input in the main amplifier. Since the phase of noise is delayed by the delay circuit, the main amplifier may cancel the noise as the common mode noise.

Abstract: A zoom lens barrel comprises an exterior unit, which mainly forms an exterior portion, an optical unit having an image pickup optical system built therein, and a control unit and can be detachably mounted on a single-lens reflex camera. The optical unit includes first and second group lenses as the image pickup optical system, which can move forward and rearward in zooming and focusing, and a third group lens which can move forward and rearward in zooming. Particularly, in focusing, a first group lens holding frame for holding the first group lens and a second group lens holding frame for holding the second group lens are driven forward and rearward in a different amount in an optical axis direction through a cam follower and two cam grooves by driving a focus ring in rotation, thereby focusing is executed. The lens barrel can cope with a forward/rearward movement required in zooming and focusing and can be reduced in size.

Abstract: The present invention provides an optical transmitter that includes a configuration and a circuit capable of operating in a high frequency. The optical transmitter of the invention provides a supplemental circuit within the package, which includes a transistor, typically an n-type FET, with the drain connecting to the anode of the light-emitting device and the voltage source outside of the package and the gate thereof connecting to the output of the driver provided outside of the package and also to the cathode of the light-emitting device, and the source of the FET is grounded.

Abstract: There is provided a packet processing device for, when decoding variable length data that is split into packets, realizing a reduction in processing load at a decoder, by providing information for identifying a start position of the data. A header analyzing section (11) determines whether data stored in a packet is start data containing start information or other data. A data extracting section (12) extracts data from a packet and stores the data in a buffer (13). A buffer controlling section (14) causes a start position memory (15) and a number-of-starts counter (16) to retain an address position and the number of start data stored in the buffer (13). A decode section (20) refers to the start position memory (15) and the number-of-starts counter (16) and executes a decode process for the data stored in the buffer (13).

Abstract: A display device, wherein a mounting substrate (21) having a projected part (21b) projected from a part of a base part (21a) toward a display surface (11a) is installed on a frame (12) through a mounting fitting (30), a brightness sensor (22) is installed on the projected part (21b) of the mounting substrate (21), and the distance (z) thereof from the display surface (11a) is reduced to less than 1.75 mm.

Abstract: The lens barrel with an adjustable focus comprises an external mounting unit, an optical unit and a control unit including a focusing motor and the like. The external mounting unit comprises a fixed frame covering the optical unit, a distance ring, an outer circumferential cover, a zoom ring, a back end cover. The optical unit contains a plurality of frame member units that respectively support a plurality of lens groups. Furthermore, after the unitized optical unit is inserted into the fixed frame, the distance ring, outer circumferential cover, zoom ring, back end cover and the like are successively engaged with the outer circumferential part of the fixed frame from the rear side, so that these parts are easily assembled.

Abstract: A monochromatic image of which the number of gradation levels (for example, 1024 levels) is greater than that (for example, 256) of a monochromatic image viably handled by an operating system (OS) (13) is converted into a color image which is then received by the OS (13). The color image to be handled by the OS (13) is embraced by the number of available colors (for example, 16,777,216) and can thus be released out directly. The color image released from the OS (13) is then converted into a monochromatic image of which the number of gradation levels (for example, 1021 or 1024) is greater than that (for example, 256) of a monochromatic image viably handled by the OS (13) before displayed. Accordingly, the monochromatic image can be displayed at multiple gradation levels which exceed the gradation limit of any conventional operating system without drastically modifying the hardware or software.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing rotatable two-color particles for a display which is a main component for a display device that may be used in a personal computer, a mobile telephone, and a mobile terminal as well as in a digital paper and a digital book. A display element and a display sheet manufacturing method are also disclosed. The two-color particle manufacturing method includes: a step for bringing, in air or in liquid, a first liquid droplet having a first hue into contact with a second liquid droplet having a hue different from the first hue into a single liquid droplet; and a step for bringing the liquid droplet into contact with a reaction liquid so as to solidify it instantaneously. The two liquid droplets may be injected through a spray nozzle or a jet nozzle. Moreover, the first liquid droplet and the second liquid droplet preferably have different electric charges or different electric charge densities if the charges are identical.

Abstract: A solar cell includes a conductive substrate, and an insulating layer, a conducting layer and a semiconductor layer that are disposed on the substrate. A through hole is formed so as to penetrate the insulating layer and the conducting layer, and the through hole is filled with a semiconductor that composes the semiconductor layer. At least one element selected from the elements composing the conductive substrate diffuses into the semiconductor with which the through hole is filled.

Abstract: A zoom lens barrel comprises an exterior unit, which mainly forms an exterior portion, an optical unit having an image pickup optical system built therein, and a control unit and can be detachably mounted on a single-lens reflex camera. The optical unit includes first and second group lenses as the image pickup optical system, which can move forward and rearward in zooming and focusing, and a third group lens which can move forward and rearward in zooming. Particularly, in focusing, a first group lens holding frame for holding the first group lens and a second group lens holding frame for holding the second group lens are driven forward and rearward in a different amount in an optical axis direction through a cam follower and two cam grooves by driving a focus ring in rotation, thereby focusing is executed. The lens barrel can cope with a forward/rearward movement required in zooming and focusing and can be reduced in size.

Abstract: This invention provides the compounds of formula (I): or its a pharmaceutically acceptable ester or amide of such compound, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein X1 is NH; R1, R2, R4 through R6 and R7 through R11 are all hydrogen; R3 is hydroxy; X2 and X3 are methylene; X4 is a bond; and X5 is a carbon atom, and the like. These compounds have ORL1-receptor antagonist activity; and therefore, are useful to treat diseases or conditions such as pain, various CNS diseases etc.