Abstract: Resin compositions which contain a compound having at least two epoxy and/or thiirane groups in the molecule (ingredient (1)) and a specific ionic liquid (ingredient (2)), as combined, are practicable resin compositions which comprise constitutive elements of readily available materials and have well-balanced suitable curing capability and storage stability. Preferably, the ionic liquid (ingredient (2)) comprises a combination of an ammonium cation or phosphonium cation and a carboxylate anion.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for selectively producing an enantiomer at position 4 of an optically active compound in the cross aldol reaction of pyruvic acid and indole-3-pyruvic acid. The process comprises the step of reacting pyruvic acid with indole-3-pyruvic acid in the presence of an optically active ?-amino acid containing a secondary amine and a metal ion.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing efficiently glutamic acid derivatives (including salts thereof) such as monatin by converting a substituted ?-keto acid of formula (1) into a glutamic acid derivative of formula (2) in the presence of an enzyme catalyzing conversion of the same.

Abstract: The present invention relates to processes of producing glutamic acid compounds, for example, monatin, which are useful as, for example, production intermediates for sweetener or pharmaceutical products.

Abstract: The present invention relates to processes of producing glutamic acid compounds, for example, monatin, which are useful as, for example, production intermediates for sweetener or pharmaceutical products.

Abstract: Dihydroisoxazole derivatives are conveniently converted to ?-hydroxyamino acid derivatives which are important as various synthetic intermediates by a catalytic hydrogenation reaction. High-purity monatins which may be used as sweeteners or ingredients thereof can be obtained by subjecting a 5-indolylmethyl-4,5-dihydroisoxazole-3,5-dicarboxylic acid to catalytic hydrogenation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing efficiently glutamic acid derivatives (including salts thereof) such as monatin by converting a substituted ?-keto acid of formula (1) into a glutamic acid derivative of formula (2) in the presence of an enzyme catalyzing conversion of the same

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing efficiently glutamic acid derivatives (including salts thereof) such as monatin by converting a substituted ?-keto acid of formula (1) into a glutamic acid derivative of formula (2) in the presence of an enzyme catalyzing conversion of the same.

Abstract: A communication method for detecting failure and for performing immediate stop processing is provided. It is a failure communication method of a computer, comprising a plurality of units A, separated by partitions, and a unit B interconnecting the units A, in which the unit B broadcasts identical information, generated based on information transferred from the units A to the unit B, to the units A, wherein when failure occurs in a unit A, the unit B is notified of failure information, receives the failure information, generates identical failure information based on the failure information and notifies the units A in normal conditions of the identical failure information, and the units A receive the identical failure information, if it is from a unit A belonging to the same partition, operation of the units A belonging to the same partition is s topped immediately, and otherwise operation of the units A is continued.

Abstract: The present invention relates to processes of producing glutamic acid compounds, for example, monatin, which are useful as, for example, production intermediates for sweetener or pharmaceutical products.

Abstract: The present invention relates to processes of producing glutamic acid compounds, for example, monatin, which are useful as, for example, production intermediates for sweetener or pharmaceutical products.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a 3-substituted-phenyl-3-merthylbutyric acid and 3-substituted-phenyl-3-merthylaldehyde derivatives, which are useful in the production of N-[N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-3-methylbutyl]-L-?-aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, which is a sweetener with high sweetening potency.

Abstract: A crystallization process for forming a stable crystal of N-(3,3-dimethylbutyl)-APM, which comprises using either water or a mixture of water with a lower alcohol as the crystallizing solvent and controlling the crystallization point to 30° C. or above; and another crystallization process therefor, which comprises using either water or a mixture of water with a lower alcohol as the crystallizing solvent and using as the seed crystal a crystal of N-(3,3-dimethylbutyl)-APM exhibiting peculiar peaks of diffracted X-ray at least at diffraction angles (2?, CuK? ray) of 6.0°, 24.8°, 8.2° and 16.5° to thereby crystallize the above objective crystal preferentially. These crystallization processes enable the constant formation of stable crystals of N-(3,3-dimethylbutyl)-APM at a low cost.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a 3-substituted-phenyl-3-merthylbutyric acid and 3-substituted-phenyl-3-merthylaldehyde derivatives, which are useful in the production of N-[N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-3-methylbutyl]-L-?-aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, which is a sweetener with high sweetening potency.

Abstract: Disclosed in the present application are a method for preparing highly-stable A-type crystals by controlling and maintaining the product temperature of B-type N-(3,3-dimethylbutyl)-APM crystals at 25 to 80° C. under an absolute humidity of 0.203 kg/kg or less environment, thereby effecting crystal transition; and a method for preparing A-type crystals by controlling and maintaining the product temperature of D-type crystals of N-(3,3-dimethylbutyl)-APM at 25 to 80° C. under an absolute humidity of 0.0550 kg/kg or less environment, thereby effecting crystal transition. According to these crystal transition methods, highly stable crystals can be prepared stably and at a low cost.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing efficiently glutamic acid derivatives (including salts thereof) such as monatin by converting a substituted ?-keto acid of formula (1) into a glutamic acid derivative of formula (2) in the presence of an enzyme catalyzing conversion of the same.

Abstract: N-[N-[3-(2-hydroxy-substituted phenyl)propyl]-L-?-aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester derivatives, which are useful as sweeteners, may be conveniently produced by subjecting a 2-hydroxychroman derivative having various substituents on the benzene ring and aspartame to a reductive alkylation reaction. These compounds may be purified by subjecting such a derivative containing one or more impurities to a crystallization step to crystallize the same. Further, there are provided a process for producing dialkoxychroman derivatives useful as intermediates for the production of such aspartame derivatives in the above process, and novel dialkoxychroman derivatives thus produced, which are excellent as the production intermediate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to processes of producing glutamic acid compounds, for example, monatin, which are useful as, for example, production intermediates for sweetener or pharmaceutical products.

Abstract: A resin molded product according to this invention is produced as follows. Firstly, a resist pattern formation step is performed to form a resist pattern.

Abstract: N-[N-[3-(phenyl having various substituent group(s) on the benzene ring)propyl]-L-&agr;-aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester derivatives, which are useful as sweeteners, may be conveniently produced on an industrial scale at a high yield by reductively alkylating aspartame with a 3-(phenyl having specified substituent group(s) on the benzene ring)-2-propenyl aldehyde and hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst and a base.