Abstract: A twin clutch type transmission in which, when establishing a reverse gear position, the driving force of an engine (E) is transmitted to driven wheels (W, W) via the path: even-numbered gear clutch (Ce)?second input shaft (13)?second input shaft gear (22)?idle shaft second gear (42)?idle shaft first gear (41)?first countershaft first gear (23)?first countershaft (14)?first countershaft second gear (24)?third countershaft second gear (34)?first speed-third speed synchronizing device (36)?third countershaft (16)?third countershaft third gear (35)?second output shaft gear (46)?second output shaft (19)?final drive gear (44)?final driven gear (48)?differential gear (47).

Abstract: It is possible to provide a specification modification estimation method and a specification modification estimation system which can build-in a specification modification in a development plan in advance when performing software development. The system includes: I/O unit (1) which inputs development information associated with specification modification and outputs a calculation result of a development scale obtained by the specification modification; a database (3) which accumulates a digitalized environment affect in the software development; and specification modification estimation calculation unit (2) which calculates a product amount of the entire development scale in the specification modification according to the aforementioned development information and the information accumulated in the database.

Abstract: A water desalination system includes an evaporator for evaporating saline water to produce water vapor and an adsorption means in selective vapor communication with the evaporator for reversibly adsorbing the water vapor from the evaporator. The adsorption means is in selective vapor communication with a condenser, and desorbing means for desorbing the adsorbed water vapor from the adsorption means for collection by the condenser. The condenser is adapted to condense the water vapor to desalinated water.

Abstract: A power output apparatus 1 to 1D including an engine 6, a motor 7, and a transmission 20 to 20D having two transmission shafts connected to the engine 6 is provided. The transmission includes a power combination mechanism 30 adapted so as to be able to rotate first to third elements differentially from each other. The first element is connected to any one of the two transmission shafts, the second element is connected to a driving shaft 9 or 9, and the third element is connected to the motor 7. The second element combines the power transmitted from the first element and the power transmitted from the third element, and transmits the combined power to the driving shaft 9 and 9. The other transmission shaft of the two transmission shafts transmits power to the driving shaft 9 or 9 without going via the power combination mechanism 30.

Abstract: In a changing system in a manual transmission in which a reverse idling gear is slid and meshed simultaneously with a first reverse gear secured to one of a main shaft and a counter shaft and with a second reverse gear mounted on a sleeve of a preselected synchronizing mechanism mounted on the other of the main shaft and the counter shaft, thereby establishing a reverse speed stage, an interlock plate is formed into a shape for inhibiting the movement of a preselected shifting piece in the same direction as a direction of sliding of the reverse idling gear, when a shifting arm having a drive portion engaged with a reverse shifting piece is turned for shifting to establish a reverse speed stage. Thus, it is possible to inhibit the movement of the sleeve of the preselected synchronizing mechanism, when the reverse speed stage is to be established.

Abstract: The present invention provides Natto manufactured by mixing steamed soybean, cooked barley and yam, inoculating Bacillus subtilis Natto to the mixture, and fermenting the mixture, which is almost odorless, soft, good taste, and viscous, and further, functional substances such as vitamin K2 and enzyme (Nattokinase and Protease) are remarkably increased. This product may extend the utilization as functional traditional foods relating to prevention of life-style related disease.

Abstract: A positioning means for a reverse shifting fork includes a toggle spring for biasing the reverse shifting fork toward one of a reverse position shown by a solid line and a neutral position shown by a dashed line with a dead point set as a boundary between the reverse position and the neutral position, and a stopper pin for stopping the reverse shifting fork in the reverse position and the neutral position against a biasing force of the toggle spring. The toggle spring is a torsional coil spring and is compressed so that a biasing force is generated in a direction to move opposite ends of the spring connected respectively to the reverse shifting fork holder and the reverse shifting fork away from each other, and the distance between the opposite ends is smallest in the dead point.

Abstract: In changing system in a manual transmission in which a reverse idling gear is slid and meshed simultaneously with a first reverse gear secured to one of a main shaft and a counter shaft and with a second reverse gear mounted on a sleeve of a preselected synchronizing mechanism mounted on the other of the main shaft and the counter shaft, thereby establishing a reverse speed stage, an interlock plate is formed into a shape such that it inhibits the movement of a preselected shifting piece in the same direction as a direction of sliding of the reverse idling gear, when a shifting arm having a drive portion engaged with a reverse shifting piece is turned for shifting to establish a reverse speed stage. Thus, it is possible to inhibit the movement of the sleeve of the preselected synchronizing mechanism, when the reverse speed stage is to be established, whereby the reverse shifting load can be reduced.

Abstract: In a transmission gear shift system for automobiles, a first spring seat and a second spring seat are supported in a slidable manner between a first stopper surface and a second stopper surface which are provided on a shift select shaft with a gap between them in the axial direction. The inner surfaces in the axial direction of the first and second spring seats are forced by a select spring in the direction in which they move away from each other to come into contact with the first and second stopper surfaces respectively. The outer surfaces in the axial direction of the first and second spring seats, are supported on first and second support surfaces respectively provided in a transmission case. Thus, it is possible to reduce the number of select springs required for maintaining the shift select shaft in a central select position and to shorten the overall length of the shift select shaft.

Abstract: A positioning means for a reverse shifting fork includes a toggle spring for biasing the reverse shifting fork toward one of a reverse position shown by a solid line and a neutral position shown by a dashed line with a dead point set as a boundary between the reverse position and the neutral position, and a stopper pin for stopping the reverse shifting fork in the reverse position and the neutral position against a biasing force of the toggle spring. The toggle spring is a torsional coil spring and is compressed so that a biasing force is generated in a direction to move opposite ends of the spring connected respectively to the reverse shifting fork holder and the reverse shifting fork away from each other, and the distance between the opposite ends is smallest in the dead point.

Abstract: In a transmission for automobiles, the shift feeling is improved by smoothly transferring the operational load between a shift rod and a reverse shift fork. This is accomplished by cam faces formed on a reverse shift fork which shifts a reverse idle gear between a neutral position and a reverse position, and cam faces are formed on a drive cam which moves integrally with a shift rod. When the drive cam is moved from a neutral position to the reverse position, one of the cam faces presses against another of the cam faces moving the reverse shift fork in a circular manner in an anticlockwise direction, and the reverse idle gear moves to the reverse position. When the drive cam member is moved from the reverse position to the neutral position, another of the cam faces presses against still another of the cam faces moving the reverse shift fork in a circular manner in a clockwise direction, and the reverse idle gear moves to the neutral position.

Abstract: A transmission breather system is provided in which a subassembly is formed by supporting a shift select shaft, moving in the axial direction according to a select operation of a shift lever, and a select spring, maintaining the shift select shaft in a neutral position, on a cover member. Moreover, a breather chamber is formed between the cover member and an indentation of a transmission case by inserting the shift select shaft into an opening formed on the bottom wall of the indentation of the transmission case to connect the cover member to the transmission case, and the select spring is housed in the breather chamber. Thus, with regard to the transmission breather system, it is possible to form a breather chamber whose maintenance is easy while avoiding an increase in the size of the transmission case.

Abstract: In a transmission which incorporates a plurality of speed change gear trains, a plurality of clutches to select one of the gear trains for power transmission and a plurality of shift forks to selectively activate one of the clutches, a gearshift coveys a force applied by a shift lever selectively to one of the shift forks to achieve a gear change. The gearshift comprises a plurality of linkages which convey the force applied by the shift lever 41 to the shift forks 73 and 76 selectively. In this gearshift, at least two of these linkages include rocking levers 65 and 66, respectively, each of which functions to reverse the direction of the force applied by the shift lever. These rocking levers are disposed on a common pivot or a retaining pin 67, such that each rocking lever can swing independently thereon.

Abstract: The cylinder liner is capable of being tightly adhered to an aluminium block. The cylinder liner is made of cast iron and formed into a cylindrical shape. In the cylinder liner, slender section is provided in a middle portion, and outer diameter of the cylinder liner is gradually made greater toward both end sections from the slender section. A plurality of projected lines are formed on an outer circumferential face of the cylinder liner with regular separations and extended in the axial direction thereof. With this structure, the cylinder liner can securely stay in a cylinder block even if an external force in the axial direction works to the cylinder liner. In the cylinder block of the present invention, a plurality of the cylinder liners are enclosed with casted aluminium.

Abstract: An earthed circuit for an electric railway car which is equipped with an electric circuit including an electrical apparatus for which a switching operation is performed by use of a power semiconductor device includes a first brush attached to one of the axles of the car for connecting a return circuit for the electric circuit to the ground and a second brush attached to the same axle to which the first brush is attached for connecting the car body and a box for holding the electrical apparatus to the ground. The noise current caused by the switching operation of the power semiconductor device can be effectively prevented from flowing into the rails on which the car is running.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium comprising a non-magnetic support, a magnetic layer, and an undercoat layer provided therebetween, and said undercoat layer comprising: (A) at least one resin selected from the group consisting of polyester resins having one or more hydroxyl groups and polyurethane resins having one or more hydroxyl groups; (B) a polyisocyanate compound (C) at least one compound selected from the group consisting of organometallic compounds and tertiary amine compounds; and (D) carbon black having an average single particle size of 50 .mu.m or smaller and an oil absorption of 100 g DBP/100 g or less; and having an (A)/(D) content ratio of 30/70 to 70/30, by weight, a (B) content of 15 to 50 wt. % based on component (A), and a (C) content of 0.5 to 5 wt. % based on component (A).