Abstract: The vacuum processing apparatus for performing predetermined vacuum processing on a processing surface of a to-be-processed substrate is made up of: a vacuum chamber having disposed therein a to-be-processed substrate and having formed, on an upper wall of the vacuum chamber, a mounting opening facing the processing surface where a direction in which the processing surface looks is defined as an upper side; a processing unit for performing therein vacuum processing; and a communication pipe having a predetermined length and being interposed between the vacuum chamber and the processing unit such that predetermined processing is performed, through the communication pipe, on the to-be-processed substrate inside the vacuum chamber. The processing unit has an engaging means to which is coupled a swing arm for swinging about a rotary shaft extending perpendicularly to a vertical direction for selectively engaging the vacuum chamber and the communication pipe or the processing unit and the communication pipe.

Abstract: An article includes portions opposing each other across a gap, wherein a width of the gap is a width that causes a capillary action, and wherein a depression-protrusion structure having a lotus effect is provided on at least one of the portions opposing each other.

Abstract: The vacuum processing apparatus for performing predetermined vacuum processing on a processing surface of a to-be-processed substrate is made up of: a vacuum chamber having disposed therein a to-be-processed substrate and having formed, on an upper wall of the vacuum chamber, a mounting opening facing the processing surface where a direction in which the processing surface looks is defined as an upper side; a processing unit for performing therein vacuum processing; and a communication pipe having a predetermined length and being interposed between the vacuum chamber and the processing unit such that predetermined processing is performed, through the communication pipe, on the to-be-processed substrate inside the vacuum chamber. The processing unit has an engaging means to which is coupled a swing arm for swinging about a rotary shaft extending perpendicularly to a vertical direction for selectively engaging the vacuum chamber and the communication pipe or the processing unit and the communication pipe.

Abstract: An open-close body driving motor includes: a motor main body; a driving circuit; and a control circuit that adjusts driving power using PWM control and controls an operation mode of the open-close body to be changeable through the motor main body. The control circuit includes a PWM control unit, and a catch processing unit that determines catching by the open-close body and performs a catch process. When an operation command of the open-close body is created in a state in which a catch prevention function is not operated, the PWM control unit of the control circuit vibrates the motor main body in an audible range, such that the motor main body performs a sound-emitting operation, by including the frequency of the audible range in the control frequency for the PWM control before or during an operation of the open-close body, the operation being based on the operation command.

Abstract: An opening-closing body driving motor includes a motor body, a drive circuit, and a control circuit. The motor body is provided to automatically open and close an opening-closing body of a vehicle. The drive circuit supplies driving power to the motor body. The control circuit includes a PWM controller. The control circuit is configured to adjust the driving power by PWM control and control an operation mode of the opening-closing body through the motor body such that the operation mode is changeable. The PWM controller is configured to have a control frequency of the PWM control include a frequency in an audible range based on a predetermined trigger so that the motor body vibrates in the audible range, thereby performing a sound producing operation. The predetermined trigger includes information about an opening-closing state of the opening-closing body or information about activation and deactivation of a child lock.

Abstract: This open-close body driving motor includes: a motor main body; a driving circuit; and a control circuit that adjusts driving power using PWM control and controls an operation mode of the open-close body to be changeable through the motor main body. The control circuit includes a PWM control unit, and a catch processing unit that determines catching by the open-close body and performs a catch process. When an operation command of the open-close body is created in a state in which a catch prevention function is not operated, the PWM control unit of the control circuit vibrates the motor main body in an audible range, such that the motor main body performs a sound-emitting operation, by including the frequency of the audible range in the control frequency for the PWM control before or during an operation of the open-close body, the operation being based on the operation command.

Abstract: To provide a method for producing propionaldehyde directly from glycerol with high yield, gasified glycerol is brought into contact with a silica-type regular mesoporous body. More specifically, gasified glycerol is supplied to a catalyst layer containing a regular mesoporous body while heating the catalyst layer at a temperature ranging from 200 to 800° C. in such a manner that a W/F value can fall within the range from 0.001 to 1000 g·min/ml inclusive wherein W represents an amount (g) of a catalyst and F represents a supply rate (ml/min) of supplied glycerol.

Abstract: To provide a method for producing propionaldehyde directly from glycerol with high yield, gasified glycerol is brought into contact with a silica-type regular mesoporous body. More specifically, gasified glycerol is supplied to a catalyst layer containing a regular mesoporous body while heating the catalyst layer at a temperature ranging from 200 to 800° C. in such a manner that a W/F value can fall within the range from 0.001 to 1000 g·min/ml inclusive wherein W represents an amount (g) of a catalyst and F represents a supply rate (ml/min) of supplied glycerol.

Abstract: An opening-closing body driving motor includes a motor body, a drive circuit, and a control circuit. The motor body is provided to automatically open and close an opening-closing body of a vehicle. The drive circuit supplies driving power to the motor body. The control circuit includes a PWM controller. The control circuit is configured to adjust the driving power by PWM control and control an operation mode of the opening-closing body through the motor body such that the operation mode is changeable. The PWM controller is configured to have a control frequency of the PWM control include a frequency in an audible range based on a predetermined trigger so that the motor body vibrates in the audible range, thereby performing a sound producing operation. The predetermined trigger includes information about an opening-closing state of the opening-closing body or information about activation and deactivation of a child lock.

Abstract: A manufacturing method of a Blazed diffraction grating configured to diffract incident light and made of a CdTe or CdZnTe crystal material includes the step of forming a plurality of grating grooves in a processed surface of a work through machining using a processing machine for the Blazed diffraction grating. The forming step forms the grating grooves so that among surfaces of gratings formed by the forming step, a surface that receives the incident light most is set to a (110) plane as a crystal orientation of the crystal material.

Abstract: The present invention provides a target substance transfer method, a crystal production method, a composition production method, and a target substance transfer device, which allow the concentration of a target substance to be increased easily and effectively. The target substance transfer method is a method for transferring a target substance 103 from a first phase 101 that is a liquid or solid phase containing the target substance 103 to a second phase 102 including: a phase approximation step of bringing the first phase 101 and the second phase 102 into close proximity; and a bubble collapse step of forming bubbles in the vicinity of a boundary between the first phase 101 and the second phase 102 and then causing the bubbles to collapse.

Abstract: A manufacturing method of a Blazed diffraction grating configured to diffract incident light and made of a CdTe or CdZnTe crystal material includes the step of forming a plurality of grating grooves in a processed surface of a work through machining using a processing machine for the Blazed diffraction grating. The forming step forms the grating grooves so that among surfaces of gratings formed by the forming step, a surface that receives the incident light most is set to a (110) plane as a crystal orientation of the crystal material.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a blazed diffraction grating made of a crystalline material comprising zinc selenide (ZnSe) or zinc sulfide (ZnS) includes forming the blazed diffraction grating by forming a plurality of grating grooves on a machined surface of a workpiece by machining, wherein the grating grooves are formed so that a surface comprising a (110) plane is arranged to receive the most incident light among the surfaces that constitute each grating, where (110) describes a crystal orientation of the crystalline material.

Abstract: A manufacturing method of a Blazed diffraction grating configured to diffract incident light and made of a CdTe or CdZnTe crystal material includes the step of forming a plurality of grating grooves in a processed surface of a work through machining using a processing machine for the Blazed diffraction grating. The forming step forms the grating grooves so that among surfaces of gratings formed by the forming step, a surface that receives the incident light most is set to a (110) plane as a crystal orientation of the crystal material.

Abstract: Provided is an immersion diffraction element that prevents decrease of diffraction efficiency thereof so as to satisfy optical performance. A reflection type diffraction element is made of a material transmitting a light, beam having a predetermined wavelength. An echelle diffraction grating covered with a reflecting film that prevents transmission of the light beam is formed on one surface of the material. A diffraction grating is formed off in a repeated manner, a blazed surface facing incident light and a non-blazed surface connecting the blazed surface to a neighboring blazed surface. An angle formed between the blazed surface and the non-blazed surface is an acute angle. A defect generated at a grating vertex of the blazed surface fails in a shadow of the neighboring blazed surface so as to prevent the incident light from becoming scattered light due to the defect portion.

Abstract: An optical unit, including: an optical element which includes a plurality of reflecting portions and a connecting portion configured to connect the plurality of reflecting portions; a holding member configured to hold the optical element; and a positioning portion provided in the holding member and configured to guide a light beam that has been reflected by the plurality of reflecting portions to a predetermined position, wherein a positioning reference portion configured to be in contact with the positioning portion is provided in the connecting portion.

Abstract: Provided is a method that produces a saturated aldehyde from a 1,2-alkanediol in high yield. Disclosed is a method for producing a saturated aldehyde from a 1,2-alkanediol in the presence of a regular mesoporous material.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a blazed diffraction grating made of a crystalline material comprising gallium phosphide (GaP) or gallium arsenide (GaAs) includes forming the blazed diffraction grating by forming a plurality of grating grooves on a machined surface of a workpiece by machining, wherein the grating grooves are formed so that a surface comprising a (110) plane is arranged to receive the most incident light among the surfaces that constitute each grating, where (110) describes a crystal orientation of the crystalline material.

Abstract: Provided is a method that produces a saturated aldehyde from a 1,2-alkanediol in high yield. Disclosed is a method for producing a saturated aldehyde from a 1,2-alkanediol in the presence of a regular mesoporous material.

Abstract: Provided are a method for observing protein crystal, wherein the growth process of the protein crystals is nondestructively and three-dimensionally monitored on a real-time basis and the growth of the crystals is controlled at a high accuracy to thereby enable the formation of single crystals having good qualities, which comprises observing the protein crystals, said protein crystals having been produced by a crystallization method using a gel, by an OCT measurement using light emitted from an ultrawideband light source; a method for observing protein crystals wherein the ultrawideband light source is an ultrawideband supercontinuum light source; a method for observing protein crystals wherein the center wavelength of the light emitted from the ultrawideband supercontinuum light source is a 0.8 ?m band; and a method for observing protein crystals wherein the monitoring of the protein crystals is a monitoring by an in situ measurement.