Abstract: An image processing apparatus 1 includes an image region dividing portion 105 configured to divide a shot image into a plurality of image regions so that an amount of change of an image quality is within a predetermined range when the shot image is blurred using a blur kernel depending on an object distance and an angle of view of the shot image, a blur kernel generating portion 106 configured to calculate the blur kernel for each image region divided by the image region dividing portion 105, and an image processing calculating portion 107 configured to generate a blur-added image by performing a convolution calculation for the shot image using the blur kernel calculated by the blur kernel generating portion 106.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus that blurs a picked-up image based on distance information on a subject, comprises a restoration kernel acquisition section that acquires a restoration kernel as a kernel for eliminating degradation of an image; a blur kernel acquisition section that acquires a blur kernel as a kernel for blurring the image; a compound kernel acquisition section that acquires a compound kernel obtained by merging the restoration kernel with the blur kernel; and an image processing section that eliminates the degradation of the picked-up image and blurs the picked-up image by using the compound kernel.

Abstract: In a vehicle remote operating system remotely operating a host vehicle VM from a portable terminal 200, a main control unit 112 of an ECU 110 of an in-vehicle device 100 determines an dispatch position of the host vehicle VM on the basis of a parking position of the host vehicle VM and a position of a user U who intends to board the host vehicle VM. Due to this, it becomes possible to dispatch the host vehicle VM according to the parking position of the host vehicle VM and the position of the user U, and convenience is improved in dispatch operation and boarding of the host vehicle VM.

Abstract: A parking assistance apparatus includes a display unit that displays an image of a scene behind a host vehicle. At least when the host vehicle moves forward or when the host vehicle is stopped, the display unit displays an indication including a plurality of kinds of trajectories along which the host vehicle is able to back up from a point at which the host vehicle is currently positioned, in a manner such that the indication is superimposed on the image of the scene behind the host vehicle.

Abstract: A stimulus is presented at a predetermined position of a visual field coordinate system set on a visual field dome (118). When measuring the visual field of an eye under examination, quantitative information of a three-dimensional retinal layer structure is acquired that is obtained by means for detecting a range of disappearance of a peak in the reflectance distribution of the retina obtained by a retinal OCT scan. The position of the fovea of the fundus is identified from the three-dimensional retinal layer structure. From the positional relationship with the identified fovea, it is identified to which position in a two-dimensional fundus image the range of disappearance of the peak corresponds. The position corresponding to the range where the peak disappears is marked on the two-dimensional fundus image, and the marked region is detected.

Abstract: In a vehicle remote operating system remotely operating a host vehicle VM from a portable terminal 200, a main control unit 112 of an ECU 110 of an in-vehicle device 100 determines an dispatch position of the host vehicle VM on the basis of a parking position of the host vehicle VM and a position of a user U who intends to board the host vehicle VM. Due to this, it becomes possible to dispatch the host vehicle VM according to the parking position of the host vehicle VM and the position of the user U, and convenience is improved in dispatch operation and boarding of the host vehicle VM.

Abstract: The image processing apparatus includes an area dividing part that divides an input image produced by an image pickup system into plural image areas whose evaluation values are mutually different. The evaluation value is obtained by using a response function of the image pickup system. The apparatus further includes a processing part that performs image processing to produce an output image whose definition is higher than that of the input image by using the response functions different for the respective image areas.

Abstract: An external electrode fluorescent lamp includes a glass tube made of soft glass, and external electrodes affixed to outer surfaces of both ends of the glass tube. The fluorescent lamp further includes a joining material applied between at least the glass tube and the external electrodes for affixing the external electrodes, which are made up of a material having a thermal expansion coefficient that is larger than that of the glass tube. According to the manufacturing method of the fluorescent lamp, first, the external electrodes are attached to the outer surface of each end of the glass tube, the external electrodes are then immersed in fused solder, and finally, the glass tube is cooled to room temperature. In this manner, the external electrodes are affixed to the outer surface of the glass tube via soldering.

Abstract: An external electrode fluorescent lamp includes a glass tube made of soft glass, and external electrodes affixed to outer surfaces of both ends of the glass tube. The fluorescent lamp further includes a joining material applied between at least the glass tube and the external electrodes for affixing the external electrodes, which are made up of a material having a thermal expansion coefficient that is larger than that of the glass tube. According to the manufacturing method of the fluorescent lamp, first, the external electrodes are attached to the outer surface of each end of the glass tube, the external electrodes are then immersed in fused solder, and finally, the glass tube is cooled to room temperature. In this manner, the external electrodes are affixed to the outer surface of the glass tube via soldering.

Abstract: An external electrode fluorescent lamp includes a glass tube made of soft glass, and external electrodes affixed to outer surfaces of both ends of the glass tube. The fluorescent lamp further includes a joining material applied between at least the glass tube and the external electrodes for affixing the external electrodes, which are made up of a material having a thermal expansion coefficient that is larger than that of the glass tube. According to the manufacturing method of the fluorescent lamp, first, the external electrodes are attached to the outer surface of each end of the glass tube, the external electrodes are then immersed in fused solder, and finally, the glass tube is cooled to room temperature. In this manner, the external electrodes are affixed to the outer surface of the glass tube via soldering.

Abstract: In a method of reproducing audio signals of the present invention, audio reproducing speed can be changed without changing tone and quality of audio signals. Audio signals are filtered to extract basic audio signals. Zero-cross points in the basic audio signals are detected. The original audio signals are divided into a plurality of frames on the basis of the zero-cross points on a time axis. The frames are thinned out, and the original audio signals are reproduced as voice on the basis of the frames left so as to accelerate reproducing speed. On the other hand, the original audio signals are reproduced by repeating the frame so as to make reproducing speed slower.

Abstract: In a method of reproducing audio signals of the present invention, audio reproducing speed can be changed without changing tone and quality of audio signals. Audio signals are filtered to extract basic audio signals. Zero-cross points in the basic audio signals are detected. The original audio signals are divided into a plurality of frames on the basis of the zero-cross points on a time axis. The frames are thinned out, and the original audio signals are reproduced as voice on the basis of the frames left so as to accelerate reproducing speed. On the other hand, the original audio signals are reproduced by repeating the frame so as to make reproducing speed slower.

Abstract: 4-tert.-Butylcyclohexanol having a larger content of its cis-isomer is prepared by hydrogenating 4-tert.-butylphenol in a solvent in the presence of a rhodium catalyst and a compound selected from the group consisting of hydrogen chloride and (anhydrous) sulfuric acid. Furthermore, 4-tert.-butylcyclohexanol obtained by the above hydrogenation is acetylated to give 4-tert.-butylcyclohexyl acetate.

Abstract: A spray quantity control nozzle for use in an aerosol container wherein spray quantities of the contents of the aerosol container can be adjusted in two stages as increased or reduced corresponding to specific depression depths of a nozzle body, and a depressible depth H1 of the nozzle body for a smaller spray quantity and that H2 for a larger spray quantity can be surely set, the spray quantity control nozzle comprising a mounting part mounted on a mouth of the aerosol container and the nozzle body fit onto a projecting part of a valve stem of a flow control valve, the nozzle body being connected to the mounting part through a first molded hinge, a movable leaf being connected to the mounting part through a second molded hinge, so that a depressible depth of the nozzle body becomes smaller when the movable leaf is stood up into its working posture, and becomes larger with the movable leaf falling down in its withdrawal posture.

Abstract: A spray quantity control nozzle for use in an aerosol container wherein spray quantities of the contents of the aerosol container can be adjusted in two stages as increased or reduced corresponding to specific depression depths of a nozzle body, and a depressible depth H1 of the nozzle body for a smaller spray quantity and that H2 for a larger spray quantity can be surely set, the spray quantity control nozzle comprising a mounting part mounted on a mouth of the aerosol container and the nozzle body fit onto a projecting part of a valve stem of a flow control valve, the nozzle body being connected to the mounting part through a first molded hinge, a movable leaf being connected to the mounting part through a second molded hinge, so that a depressible depth of the nozzle body becomes smaller when the movable leaf is stood up into its working posture, and becomes larger with the movable leaf falling down in its withdrawal posture.

Abstract: The present invention involves the production of octahydrocoumarins from coumarins and/or 3,4-dihydrocoumarins in good yields by a simple process which can be industrially carried out, by reducing coumarins and/or 3,4-dihydrocoumarins to octohydrocoumarins with hydrogen in the presence of an alcohol and a ruthenium catalyst, and optionally heating resultant 3-(2-hydroxycyclohexyl) propionate contained in the reduction reaction mixture to conduct cyclization/dealcoholization and convert same to octohydrocoumarins.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for the extraction of indoles which comprises the steps of firstly extracting indoles from an indoles containing mixture with formamide or a formamide-containing solution and subsequently contacting the extract with at least one organic solvent selected from the group consisting of ethers, aromatic hydrocarbons and halogenated hydrocarbons to recover indoles with the organic solvent. This process is applicable to an industrial scale extraction of indoles, because the extraction solvent system has a high extraction selectivity of indoles, is required in a small amount with almost no losses through the extraction and recovery steps and can be used repeatedly.

Abstract: A novel antibiotic of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group and preparation of the antibiotic by cultivating Nocardia sp. SC-4710.

Abstract: A process for preparing acid amides by hydration of the corresponding nitrile compounds with water in the presence of a catalyst, characterized in that the catalyst is the one prepared by treating a vanadate with a cuprous salt or with at least two of metallic copper, a cuprous salt and a cupric salt.