Abstract: A display apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment is disclosed. A display apparatus according to an exemplary embodiment includes a substrate having a bending region between an active area and a pad area. The display apparatus includes a planarization film on the active area and the pad area in the substrate. The display apparatus includes a first organic film coated on the planarization film, a second organic film coated on the first organic film, and a third organic film coated on the second organic film. The third organic film is formed such that an upper surface thereof is flattened in the active region. The display apparatus includes a plurality of light-emitting elements disposed on the third organic film.

Abstract: A mother substrate for a display panel and a display panel using the same are disclosed. A mother substrate for a display panel includes a conductive ring disposed in a non-display area outside the display area and surrounding each of the display areas, and one or more dummy pixel driving circuits disposed in a non-display area outside the display area. An electrostatic discharge (ESD) prevention structure inside the dummy pixel driving circuit can prevent defects of display panels due to ESD occurring in the manufacturing process of the display panel.

Abstract: A present disclosure provides a method for removing impurities and recovering a high-concentration lithium aqueous solution from a waste battery material and a waste cathode active materials which can separate valuable metals including nickel and cobalt in a solid state separately and manufacture them into the high-concentration lithium aqueous solution in the process of recovering lithium contained in the waste battery material and the waste cathode active materials

Abstract: Disclosed is a decision feedback equalizer, which includes a summator that receives a gray code-based PAM-4 signal, a first bit signal, and a second bit signal, and outputs an input voltage obtained by adding a preset coefficient to a voltage level of the PAM-4 signal in response to the first bit signal and the second bit signal, and a decoder that receives the input voltage and first to third reference voltages of the PAM-4 signal and outputs the first bit signal and the second bit signal, and the decoder includes a first comparator that outputs the first bit signal by comparing a magnitude of the input voltage with a magnitude of the first reference voltage, and a second comparator that outputs the second bit signal by comparing charge-discharge intensities of the input voltage and the second and third reference voltages.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a substrate, and a pixel electrode disposed on the substrate, the pixel electrode including a first stem portion that extends in a first direction, a second stem portion that extends in a second direction crossing the first direction and intersecting with the first stem portion, a plurality of branch portions, the branch portions extending to the first direction and the second direction from the first stem portion or the second stem portion, a first connection portion that connects distal ends of some of the branch electrodes to each other, extends in the first direction and intersects with the second stem portion, and a first edge electrode that is connected to one distal end of the second stem portion and extends in the first direction.

Abstract: A method of supporting reinforcement learning (RL) in a mobile communication system and devices for performing the same are disclosed. The method of supporting RL in a mobile communication system includes receiving a subscription request to train an RL model from a consumer network function (NF), training the RL model by collecting data in response to the subscription request, and when training of the RL model is completed based on a training completion condition, transmitting a notification including RL model information to the consumer NF.

Abstract: Described techniques enable the use of ambisonics encoding/decoding for spatially accurate sound reproduction that is low-latency and that conserves computational and battery resources. Different sounds sources may be encoded using different ambisonics encoding orders, with higher order encoding being used to process sound from a sound source of current attention of a user, and lower order encoding being used to process other sound sources, such as background sound sources.

Abstract: A display panel includes a base layer including a first area and a second area. At least one inorganic layer disposed on the base layer overlaps the first area and the second area. The at least one inorganic layer comprises a lower opening. A first thin-film transistor is disposed on the at least one inorganic layer. The first thin-film transistor includes a silicon semiconductor pattern. A second thin-film transistor is disposed on the at least one inorganic layer. The second thin-film transistor includes an oxide semiconductor pattern. A plurality of insulation layers overlap the first area and the second area. An upper opening extends from the lower opening. A signal line is electrically connected to the second thin-film transistor. An organic layer is disposed in the lower opening and the upper opening. A light emitting element is disposed on the organic layer.

Abstract: An antenna structure includes a metal cavity, a first radiation element, a second radiation element, a third radiation element, and a dielectric substrate. The metal cavity has an opening region. The first radiation element has a first feeding point. The first radiation element is coupled to the metal cavity. The second radiation element has a second feeding point. The second radiation element is coupled to the metal cavity. The third radiation element is adjacent to the first radiation element and the second radiation element. The third radiation element is coupled to the metal cavity. The dielectric substrate is adjacent to the opening region of the metal cavity. The first radiation element, the second radiation element, and the third radiation element are disposed on the dielectric substrate.

Abstract: An image sensor includes a substrate including a first surface and a second surface facing the first surface, a first photodiode located in a first region of the substrate and generating photocharges from light incident on the first region, a second photodiode located in a second region of the substrate and generating photocharges from light incident on the second region, and an isolation structure defining the first region in which the first photodiode is located and the second region in which the second photodiode is located, and extending between the first photodiode and the second photodiode. An area of the second region is smaller than an area of the first region, a first end of the isolation structure is coplanar with the second surface, and the isolation structure extends in a vertical direction from the second surface of the substrate toward the first surface of the substrate.

Abstract: Disclosed are an excellent-durability carbon-based catalyst for a fuel cell, a preparation method therefor, and a proton exchange membrane fuel cell comprising same, the excellent-durability carbon-based catalyst for a fuel cell, in order to protect a carbon-based support which rapidly corrodes in a fuel cell operating environment, having a ceramic material having strong corrosion resistance coated so as to form a ceramic coating layer of which a portion protrudes in the form of needles.

Abstract: A memory device and a manufacturing method of the memory device are provided. The memory device includes a discharge contact; a source line adjacent to and spaced apart from the discharge contact; an etch stop pattern located between the discharge contact and the source line, the etch stop pattern being closer to the source line than the discharge contact; and a sub-support pattern located on the source line and the etch stop pattern.

Abstract: A lithium secondary battery includes: a positive electrode including a positive electrode active material; a negative electrode including a negative electrode active material; and an electrolyte, wherein the negative electrode has a composite density of at least 1.

Abstract: A display device includes: a circuit layer; and a light emitting element disposed on the circuit layer. The circuit layer includes: a semiconductor pattern, an insulating layer defining a contact hole therein to expose a portion of the semiconductor pattern, a connecting electrode disposed on the insulating layer and partially disposed in the contact hole, and an auxiliary electrode at least partially disposed in the contact hole and contacting with the connecting electrode and the semiconductor pattern. The connecting electrode does not overlap a portion of the contact hole in a plan view.

Abstract: Disclosed is a rechargeable lithium battery, the rechargeable lithium battery including a positive electrode including a positive electrode active material; a negative electrode including a negative electrode active material; and an electrolyte, wherein an active mass density of the negative electrode is greater than or equal to about 1.

Abstract: A display device includes: a substrate; a thin film transistor positioned on the substrate and including a source electrode, a drain electrode, and an active layer positioned between the source electrode and the drain electrode; a gate electrode positioned on the thin film transistor and overlapping the active layer in a plan view; a gate protection layer positioned on the gate electrode and overlapping the active layer in the plan view; an insulating layer positioned on the gate protection layer; and a gate cover layer positioned between side surfaces of the gate electrode and the insulating layer, where the gate cover layer includes a first portion and a second portion spaced apart from the first portion with the gate electrode interposed therebetween, and the first portion and the second portion are in contact with the gate protection layer.

Abstract: A rechargeable lithium battery includes a positive electrode including a positive electrode active material; a negative electrode including a negative electrode active material; and an electrolyte, wherein an active mass density of the negative electrode is greater than or equal to about 1.7 g/cc, and the electrolyte includes a lithium salt; a non-aqueous organic solvent; an additive represented by Chemical Formula 1: The description of the chemical formula follows the specification.

Abstract: There is provided a display device comprises a substrate; a circuit layer; and an element layer. The element layer comprises light emitting elements disposed in emission areas of a display area of the substrate, and light sensing elements disposed in light sensing areas of the display area. The circuit layer comprises light emitting pixel drivers electrically connected to the light emitting elements; light sensing pixel drivers electrically connected to the light sensing elements; data lines electrically connected to the light emitting pixel drivers; first dummy lines extending in a first direction; second dummy lines extending in parallel with the data lines; and a reset control line electrically connected to the light sensing pixel drivers, extending in the first direction, transmitting a reset control signal for resetting the light sensing pixel drivers, and overlapping at least some of the first dummy lines.

Abstract: An electrolyte for a rechargeable lithium battery includes a lithium salt; a non-aqueous organic solvent; a first additive represented by Chemical Formula 1; and a second additive represented by Chemical Formula 2: A rechargeable lithium battery includes a positive electrode including a positive electrode active material; a negative electrode including a negative electrode active material; and the electrolyte.

Abstract: A substrate processing method capable of filling a gap structure without forming voids or seams in a gap while minimizing damage to the gap structure includes: forming a first thin film on a structure by performing a first cycle a plurality of times, the first cycle including supplying a first reaction gas onto the structure including a gap and purging a residue, forming a second thin film by changing a chemical composition of the first thin film, and forming a third thin film having the same component as that of the second thin film on the second thin film while filling the gap.