Abstract: An RF amplifier that compensates the drift appearing after a sudden decrease of the drain current is disclosed. The RF amplifier detects the drain current by the bias control unit that feeds the change of the drain current back to the gate bias of the FET. The bias control unit responds to the sudden increase of the drain current by a relatively longer time constant; while, to the sudden decrease thereof by the second time constant enough shorter than the first time constant to compensate the drift appearing after the sudden decrease of the drain current.

Abstract: An RF amplifier with enhance power efficiency is disclosed. The RF amplifier traces the envelope of the input RF signal and varies the supply voltage to the final FET depending on the detected envelope through a linear power supply and a switching power supply superposed on the linear power supply. The linear power supply promptly responds the change of the envelope and gradually decreases the supply current as maintaining the supply voltage. The switching power supply takes over the supplement of the supply current to the final FET.

Abstract: An H-bridge driver without implementing with the PWM mode is disclosed. The H-bridge driver of the invention includes a non-inverting amplifier and an inverting amplifier commonly connected to the control signal. When the control signal exceeds the reference, the non-inverting amplifier commonly drives the first pair of transistors diagonally connected to the load. The low side transistor fully turns on but the high side transistor linearly operates. When the control signal is less than the reference, the inverting amplifier commonly drives the second pair of transistors also diagonally connected to the load.

Abstract: An optical transmitter to drive the EA modulator integrated with an LD in a mode of lowered power consumption. The optical transmitter includes the optical device integrating the LD with the EA modulator, and the driver to modulate the EA modulator in the differential mode by being supplied with the modulation signal between the anode and the cathode common to the LD.

Abstract: An H-bridge driver without implementing with the PWM mode is disclosed. The H-bridge driver of the invention includes a non-inverting amplifier and an inverting amplifier commonly connected to the control signal. When the control signal exceeds the reference, the non-inverting amplifier commonly drives the first pair of transistors diagonally connected to the load. The low side transistor fully turns on but the high side transistor linearly operates. When the control signal is less than the reference, the inverting amplifier commonly drives the second pair of transistors also diagonally connected to the load.

Abstract: A solar cell (10) according to one embodiment of the present invention includes a concentrating solar cell element (11) that generates power by converting sunlight (Ls) into electricity; and a receiver substrate (20) on which the solar cell element (11) is placed. A covering portion (30) that covers and protects the solar cell element (11) is formed on the receiver substrate (20). The covering portion (30) includes a U-shaped sealing frame (31) that is formed on a surface of the receiver substrate (20), has an opening (31s), and surrounds the periphery of the solar cell element (11) at a position away from the periphery; a light-transmitting covering plate (32) that is bonded to the sealing frame (31) and covers the solar cell element (11); and a resin sealing portion (33) in which a sealing region defined by the sealing frame (31) and the light-transmitting covering plate (32) is filled with sealing resin.

Abstract: An electronic device includes a DC/DC converter supplied with an external power supply, and an electronic circuit having a power supply input to which an output of the DC/DC converter is supplied. A converted voltage that is the output of the DC/DC converter is lower than a center value of a recommended operating condition for a voltage of the power supply input of the electronic circuit.

Abstract: An electronic device includes a DC/DC converter supplied with an external power supply, and an electronic circuit having a power supply input to which an output of the DC/DC converter is supplied. A converted voltage that is the output of the DC/DC converter is lower than a center value of a recommended operating condition for a voltage of the power supply input of the electronic circuit.

Abstract: An electronic module includes: a first-stage circuit producing a drive signal based on a first potential that is either a positive or negative potential; a second-stage circuit including a first element reversely driven between a second potential equal to the first potential and the drive signal, and a second element connected in a forward biasing direction toward the second potential; and a transmission line having a signal conductor over which the drive signal is transmitted to the first element, and a reference conductor maintained at a reference potential. A connection between the first potential of the first-stage circuit and the reference conductor of the transmission line and a connection between the second potential of the second-stage circuit and the reference conductor are at an equal potential.

Abstract: The projection apparatus of the present invention includes a light source; a three-color separation means such as a cross dichroic prism or a cross dichroic mirror; three first polarization beam splitters; three spatial light modulators; three write image formation devices; and a projection optical system. The three-color separation means and the three first polarization beam splitters all lie in a single plane, and the three first polarization beam splitters are so arranged that a reflected light beam is emitted from each of the three first polarization beam splitters in the same direction.

Abstract: The present invention relates to optical apparatus provided with an optical element for outputting polarized light beams separated generally in parallel. The optical apparatus according to this invention comprises an optical element having a pair of optical members being prisms cross sections of which are right-angled triangles similar to each other, each having a vertex angle of less than 45 degrees, and being constructed in a unitary double prism structure in which the optical members are cemented to each other between side faces thereof, each side face being between the right angle and the vertex angle of less than 45 degrees out of two orthogonal side faces of each optical member, and a polarization splitting portion comprising an optical thin film group formed on the cemented faces of the double prism structure to polarization-split light incident thereto.

Abstract: A rotational position detecting apparatus for an internal combustion engine comprises a first and a second signal generator each thereof having a signal rotor rotating in synchronism with the rotation of the engine, a first and a second waveform reshaping circuit and a signal processing circuit. Engine rotational angle signals produced by the first signal generator and engine cylinder reference angular position signals and a specified cylinder angular position signal produced by the second signal generator are reshaped through the first and second waveform reshaping circuits, respectively, and both output signals from the first and second waveform reshaping circuits are supplied to the signal processing circuit. The signal processing circuit separates the reference signals and the cylinder discrimination signal from the output signals of the second waveform reshaping circuit and outputs the separated signals along with the angle signals produced by the first waveform reshaping circuit.

Abstract: A method for controlling the ignition timing of internal combustion engines by reducing the amount of correction of ignition timing with each change of direction of the correction. This increases the speed of approach to the approximate optimum ignition timing yet minimizes variation of ignition timing near the optimum state.

Abstract: Engine operating parameters are detected to set a basic ignition timing, and this basic ignition timing is forcibly changed to effect feedback control in which an engine output parameter is detected for finding an optimum combination of ignition timings of the individual cylinders. The ignition timing for all the cylinders is uniformly changed for a predetermined period of time so that engine output increases, and then ignition timing is individually controlled for each of the cylinders so that ignition timing of each cylinder is optimum. The engine is operated with a plurality of different ignition timing combinations, where the number of the combinations equals the number of the cylinders plus one. The average value of various ignition timings of the plurality of combinations is calculated, and the combination giving the lowest engine output parameter is detected.

Abstract: Engine parameters are detected to set a basic ignition timing, and this basic ignition timing is forcibly changed to effect feedback control in which engine output is detected for finding an optimum combination of ignition timings of the individual cylinders. Engine is operated with a plurality of different ignition timing combinations, where the number of the combinations equals the number of the cylinders added by one. The engine is further operated with one of the ignition timing combination so that the engine is operated twice with an identical ignition timing combination. As a result engine output change caused by factors other than ignition timing change is detected. Thus, one of a plurality of ignition timing combinations, which gives the lowest engine speed only because of the change in ignition timing is found and is replaced with a new ignition timing combination with which the engine produces higher output.

Abstract: A method in a multicylinder engine, for obtaining the single combination of ignition timings for the individual cylinders producing the maximum engine speed. A group of combinations of ignition timings is selected, then the engine is successively operated by each combination. The combination producing the lowest engine speed is determined and replaced by a new combination of ignition timings capable of increasing the engine speed. The new combination is calculated by use of a predetermined formula. This procedure is repeated to obtain the single combination of ignition timings producing the maximum engine speed.