Abstract: The liquid crystal display apparatus includes a liquid crystal layer 10 and a liquid crystal driving unit 19 which are held in being sandwiched between a pair of opposed boards 11, 12, and polarization plates 33, 34 and phase plates 31, 32 which are located on the upper side and on the lower side, respectively. Moreover, a pixel of the liquid crystal display apparatus includes the reflection display unit whose reflectivity's applied voltage characteristic is the normally-closed type and the transmission display unit whose layer thickness is thicker than that of a liquid crystal layer constituting the reflection display unit.

Abstract: An electrophoretic display comprising a first and second substrates each being disposed with a predetermined gap therebetween; a layer comprising an insulating solvent and charged particles dispersed in the insulating solvent, the layer being sandwiched between the substrates; a first electrode disposed on one of the substrates; and a second electrode disposed on the second substrate, wherein the second electrode has a reflector with uneven surface.

Abstract: In implementation of driving a liquid-crystal display device with a frame period T divided into a scanning period T1 and a hold period immediately following the scanning period, each data line in the liquid-crystal display device experiences a positive-polarity frame period and a negative-polarity frame period, which are repeated alternately. In addition, when a frame period T is stretched over positive-polarity and negative polarity data lines provided repeatedly on alternate columns of the liquid-crystal display device, an electric potential Vsigm appearing on a positive-polarity data line in a hold period is always higher than an electric potential Vcom appearing on an opposite electrode of each pixel in the liquid-crystal display device, but an electric potential Vsigm appearing on a negative-polarity data line in a hold period is always lower than the electric potential Vcom.

Abstract: A liquid crystal light valve includes a semiconductor substrate having a region for a plurality of switching elements formed in a matrix form. A first metal layer is formed on the surface of the semiconductor substrate through an insulating layer and divided into a plurality of parts by first slits. A second metal layer is formed on the first metal layer through another insulating layer and divided into a plurality of parts by second slits. A third metal layer is formed on the second metal layer through still another insulating layer and divided into a plurality of parts by third slits. An opposite substrate has an opposite electrode on a surface thereof, disposed so as to be opposite to said third metal layer through an interval on the opposite electrode side. Liquid crystal fills the interval between said opposite electrode and the third metal layer.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display for displaying an image to be visible for a viewer, has a liquid crystal, a pair of electrodes for controlling an orientation of at least a part of the liquid crystal in accordance with an electric field between the electrodes, a light source for generating a light to be transmitted through the liquid crystal to the viewer, a pair of first and second polarizer plates, the first polarizer plate being arranged between the liquid crystal and the light source, and the second polarizer plate being arranged between the liquid crystal and the viewer, and a band-pass filter for absorbing a component of the light, a wave-length of which component is not more than 440 nm, and the band-pass filter being arranged between the light source and the viewer.

Abstract: An image display apparatus configured by a display panel having an image memory element in a pixel, which achieves low power consumption. A nonvolatile image memory element 1, which can change the resistance value by phase change, is connected to a pixel electrode 25 of a liquid crystal element 5. The output of a thin-film transistor 17 driven by scanning and signal electrode lines 7, 9 is connected to the pixel electrode 25. When the scanning electrode line 7 is selected to have a high level voltage, the thin-film transistor 17 is turned on and a current signal flowing through the signal electrode 9 is sent through the image memory element 1 to a reference electrode line 15. Depending on the current value or pulse width passing through the image memory element 1, the resistance of the image memory element 1 is changed and is stored as a resistance value.

Abstract: A liquid crystal light valve includes a semiconductor substrate having a region for a plurality of switching elements formed in a matrix form. A first metal layer is formed on the surface of the semiconductor substrate through an insulating layer and divided into a plurality of parts by first slits. A second metal layer is formed on the first metal layer through another insulating layer and divided into a plurality of parts by second slits. A third metal layer is formed on the second metal layer through still another insulating layer and divided into a plurality of parts by third slits. An opposite substrate has an opposite electrode on a surface thereof, disposed so as to be opposite to said third metal layer through an interval on the opposite electrode side. Liquid crystal fills the interval between said opposite electrode and the third metal layer.

Abstract: A liquid crystal light valve includes a semiconductor substrate having a region for a plurality of switching elements formed in a matrix form. A first metal layer is formed on the surface of the semi-conductor substrate through an insulating layer and divided into a plurality of parts by first slits. A second metal layer is formed on the first metal layer through another insulating layer and divided into a plurality of parts by second slits. A third metal layer is formed on the second metal layer through still another insulating layer and divided into a plurality of parts by third slits. An opposite substrate has an opposite electrode on a surface thereof, disposed so as to be opposite to said third metal layer through an interval on the opposite electrode side. Liquid crystal fills the interval between said opposite electrode and the third metal layer.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device has on each pixel region at a liquid-crystal side of one of a pair substrates, a thin film transistor driven by scanning signals from a gate signal line, a pixel electrode to which video signals from a drain signal line are supplied through the thin film transistor, and a capacity element formed between the pixel electrode and a holding capacity electrode. The capacity element is formed such that a semiconductor layer forming the same layer as a semiconductor layer of the thin film transistor, a first insulation film forming the same layer as a gate insulation film of the thin film transistor, the holding capacity electrode, a second insulation film and a metal layer are sequentially. The semiconductor layers and the metal layer are connected to each other. The metal layer is formed as a reflector which occupies a portion of the pixel region.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display for displaying an image to be visible for a viewer, has a liquid crystal, a pair of electrodes for controlling an orientation of at least a part of the liquid crystal in accordance with an electric field between the electrodes, a light source for generating a light to be transmitted through the liquid crystal to the viewer, a pair of first and second polarizer plates, the first polarizer plate being arranged between the liquid crystal and the light source, and the second polarizer plate being arranged between the liquid crystal and the viewer, and a band-pass filter for absorbing a component of the light, a wave-length of which component is not more than 440 nm, and the band-pass filter being arranged between the light source and the viewer.

Abstract: When reflection type liquid crystal display devices of different specifications of which pixel pitches or the like are different are produced, commonality of photo masks for at least one photo mask is provided to reduce production costs for producing reflection type liquid crystal display devices having different pixel pitches. In the reflection type liquid crystal display device, an island pattern is formed in matrix form in the same layer as a semiconductor layer of a thin film transistor. A specific regularity is provided in which a pitch of the island pattern in an extending direction of an image signal line is different from a pitch of pixel electrodes neighboring in the extending direction of the image signal line, and the pitch of the island pattern in the extending direction of a scan signal line is different from the pitch neighboring in the extending direction of the scan signal line.

Abstract: A reflection type liquid crystal display apparatus can avoid degradation of a reflection surface or an electrode terminal, provide a multiple color display with high color purity, and reduce fluctuation of voltage due to loss of a drive voltage or capacitive coupling, even when a color filter is provided on a substrate on the side of a reflection plate, thereby to realize a bright display having a high contrast.

Abstract: A display device having: a light-emitting layer 100; a light-reflecting member disposed on a back surface of the light-emitting layer; a polarized light separating unit 500 provided so that light in a predetermined wavelength range corresponding to light emitted from the light-emitting layer is separated into two kinds of polarized light components by reflection and transmission; a polarizer 600; and a retarder 700, the polarized light separating unit 500, the polarizer. 600 and the retarder 700 being disposed on a front surface side of the light-emitting layer.

Abstract: When reflection type liquid crystal display devices of different specifications of which pixel pitches or the like are different are produced, commonality of photo masks for at least one photo mask is provided to reduce production costs for producing reflection type liquid crystal display devices having different pixel pitches. In the reflection type liquid crystal display device, an island pattern is formed in matrix form in the same layer as a semiconductor layer of a thin film transistor. A specific regularity is provided in which a pitch of the island pattern in an extending direction of an image signal line is different from a pitch of pixel electrodes neighboring in the extending direction of the image signal line, and the pitch of the island pattern in the extending direction of a scan signal line is different from the pitch neighboring in the extending direction of the scan signal line.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus featuring an excellent contrast ratio even though it is a reflection type liquid crystal display unit. The display apparatus includes a: liquid crystal layer; upper and lower substrates for interposing the liquid crystal layer therebetween; reflection plate for reflecting light which passes through the liquid crystal layer back to the liquid crystal layer; and light emitting element layer for emitting light to the liquid crystal layer, and wherein light emitting element layer is arranged above liquid crystal layer so as to surround the display portion of the liquid crystal layer. Further, the light emitting element layer is provided with a reflection layer for deflecting light emitted in the upper direction back to liquid crystal layer.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes two electrode substrates and a liquid crystal layer laid between these substrates. One electrode is composed of a glass substrate with a plastics layer having plural convex portions or convex and concave portions randomly formed thereon and a lamination of a reflector, an insulating and flatting layer, a transparent electrode, and alignment layer formed on the plastics layer. The other electrode substrate is composed of a glass substrate and a lamination of a transparent electrode and alignment layer formed on the glass substrate. Both of the electrode substrates are located in a manner to allow the alignment layer of them to be opposed to each other.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus including: a first substrate; a second substrate arranged opposite the first substrate; and a liquid crystal layer held between the first substrate and the second substrate; further provided with a plurality of scanning lines arranged over the first substrate; signal lines arranged over the first substrate to cross the scanning lines; pixels each composed matching an area surrounded by the scanning lines and the signal lines; pixel electrodes arranged over the first substrate and matching the signal lines; and common electrodes arranged over the first substrate and matching the pixel electrodes, wherein at least either of the first substrate and the second substrate is provided with unevenness to vary the thickness of the liquid crystal layer in the light-transmissive regions of the same ones of the pixels.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus including: a first substrate; a second substrate arrange opposite the first substrate; a liquid crystal layer held between the first substrate and the second substrate; a plurality of scanning lines arranged over the first substrate; a plurality of zigzag-shaped signal lines having bent portions, arranged crossing the scanning lines over the substrate; insulating films arranged over at least part of the signal lines; pixel electrodes matching the signal lines; and common electrodes matching the pixel electrodes and superposed over at least part of the signal lines via the insulating films, in which the bent portions of the zigzag-shaped signal lines are curved.

Abstract: An image display capable of multilevel display and having a minimal pixel-to-pixel display characteristic variation. The image display having a display area of a plurality of pixels and a signal line for feeding a display signal voltage to the pixels, comprises, in at least one of the plurality of pixels: a memory for storing the display signal voltage entered from the signal line to the pixel; a pixel turn-on period decision section for determining an ON period and an OFF period for an image output in the pixel according to the display signal voltage; and a pixel driver for repeating an ON operation of the image output a plurality of times in one frame.

Abstract: A reflective liquid crystal display apparatus with pixels includes a first electrode substrate, a second electrode substrate and a liquid crystal layer. The first electrode substrate includes a polymer layer having plural protrusions or depressions arranged randomly formed on a glass substrate, and a reflective layer, color filters, transparent electrodes, and an alignment layer formed and laminated sequentially on the polymer layer. The second electrode substrate, includes transparent electrodes and an alignment layer formed and laminated on a glass substrate, and arranged so that the alignment layer faces the alignment layer on the first electrode substrate. The liquid crystal layer is formed by filling a liquid crystal composition into an interval between the first and second electrode substrates. Portions of the reflective layer corresponding to the portions of each pixel other than apertures of each pixel are colored black.