Abstract: A capsule-type medical apparatus includes a capsule to be introduced into a tubular body cavity, and a string member that extends from one end of the capsule and is able to be pulled when the capsule is pulled.

Abstract: An endoscope includes, an insertion section, a distal end section body has an observation window, a liquid feed path which is formed to supply a liquid to the distal end section body side, a gas feed path which is formed to supply a gas to the distal end section body side, and a nozzle having a confluent portion which makes confluent the liquid supplied from the liquid feed path and the gas supplied from the gas feed path, and a jet outlet which jets a gas/liquid mixture fluid, which is mixed in the confluent portion, toward the observation window, wherein the nozzle is configured such that an angle, which is formed between a direction of a flow of the liquid toward the jet outlet and a direction of a flow of the gas toward the jet outlet, is set at an obtuse angle of 90° or more.

Abstract: An endoscope includes, an insertion section, a distal end section body has an observation window, a liquid feed path, a gas feed path, and a nozzle cleans the window by jetting toward the window a mixture fluid in which the liquid supplied from the liquid feed path and the gas supplied from the gas feed path are mixed, wherein the nozzle includes, a confluent portion which is provided in a mount plane in which the window of the distal end section body is provided, the confluent portion making confluent and mixing the liquid supplied from the liquid feed path and the gas supplied from the gas feed path, and a jet outlet which jets a gas/liquid mixture fluid, which is mixed in the confluent portion, toward the window.

Abstract: An endoscope including, an insertion section, a distal end section body which constitutes a distal end section of the insertion section and has at least an observation window, a first flow path which is formed to supply a liquid to the distal end section body side and communicates with a first fluid source, a second flow path which is formed to supply a gas to the distal end section body side and communicates with a second fluid source, and a nozzle having a jet outlet which jets a mixture fluid, in which a fluid supplied from the first flow path and a fluid supplied from the second flow path are mixed, toward the observation window, wherein the observation window is disposed, relative to the jet outlet, on a side of one of the first flow path and the second flow path, which has a smaller fluid supply amount.

Abstract: An endoscope includes, an insertion section, a distal end section body which constitutes a distal end section of the insertion section and has at least an observation window, a liquid feed path which is formed to supply a liquid to the distal end section body side and communicates with a liquid feed source, a gas feed path which is formed to supply a gas to the distal end section body side and communicates with a gas feed source, and a nozzle having a jet outlet which jets a gas/liquid mixture fluid, in which the liquid supplied from the liquid feed path and the gas supplied from the gas feed path are mixed, toward the observation window, wherein an opening end of the liquid feed path and an opening end of the gas feed path are disposed in an order of proximity to the jet outlet.

Abstract: A high-capacity enclosed nickel-zinc primary battery excellent in characteristics such as capacity maintenance factor, energy density, and high-efficient discharge characteristics, an anode using it, and a production method for them. An enclosed nickel-zinc primary battery which uses as an anode an anode active material of nickel hydroxide compound, such as nickel oxyhydroxide, particles and uses zinc alloy gel as a cathode material, wherein a ratio of anode theoretical capacity to cathode theoretical capacity is 1.0-1.6, and a ratio of alkali electrolyte to anode theoretical capacity is 1.0-1.6 ml/Ah.

Abstract: An optical semiconductor device of the present invention includes: a light-receiving element which converts light into an electric signal; an amplifier circuit having an input terminal to which the light-receiving element is connected, and which amplifies the electric signal; a connection wire to which the signal amplified by the amplifier circuit is outputted; an output circuit having an input terminal to which the connection wire is connected, and which performs current amplification on the signal amplified by the amplifier circuit and outputs the current-amplified signal to an output terminal; a feedback resistor connected between the input of the amplifier circuit and the output terminal; and a shield wire connected to a potential outputted from the output circuit or a potential resulting from a voltage follower of the potential outputted from the output circuit, and which shields the connection wire from noise.

Abstract: A light-receiving amplifier circuit in which diodes are commonly connected to a differential amplifier circuit including a transistor of a differential input stage that is an inverting input unit, and are connected between photodiodes (PDs) biased in a forward direction with respect to a direction of photocurrent, and current supply switch transistors. Current supply switch transistors are each connected in parallel between a differential input transistor and a corresponding PD. When light enters into a first PD, a corresponding transistor is turned ON, while a non-corresponding transistor is turned OFF. A non-corresponding diode becomes biased in a backward direction, so that a photocurrent generated due to the light having entered into a second PD is prevented from flowing into the differential amplifier circuit.

Abstract: Disclosed is a fuel cell unit including a power generation cell having a first electrode and a second electrode, which generates electric power by using a first material supplied to the first electrode and a second material supplied to the second electrode, a heating unit to heat the power generation cell and a power collecting unit to take out electric power generated by the power generation cell from the first electrode or the second electrode, and the heating unit is provided at the power collecting unit.

Abstract: A differential amplifier circuit, an operational amplifier circuit, and a light-receiving amplifier circuit using the same are provided, by which the influence of an on resistance of an analog switch is reduced during the switching of gain resistances. An NPN transistor Q2 having an emitted connected in common is connected to an NPN transistor Q1 of a differential amplifier circuit including the NPN transistors Q1 and Q3, PNP transistors Q4 and Q5, and a constant-current source I1, and analog switches ASW-1c and ASW-2c are inserted and connected to the collectors of the NPN transistors Q1 and Q2 and connected to the base and collector of the PNP transistor Q4 and the base of the PNP transistor Q5. Further, analog switches ASW-1b and ASW-2b are connected to the bases of the NPN transistors Q1 and Q2, respectively.

Abstract: There is provided a light receiving circuit capable of preventing an output variation of the light receiving circuit due to a change in ambient temperature with a simple configuration. The light receiving circuit is provided with a photodiode 4 for LD power monitoring and an I-V amplifier 5 connected with a feedback resistor 13, wherein a light receiving section 16 of the photodiode 4 is covered with a protective film 19. Temperature dependences between a light transmittance of the protective film 19 in accordance-with a shift of a wavelength of a laser beam due to a change in ambient temperature, and a resistance value of the feedback resistor 13 are set in such a way that they may be mutually compensated and an output voltage from the light receiving circuit may be constant for a temperature change.

Abstract: The present invention provides a photodetector-amplifier circuit capable of eliminating an influence of noise due to stray light entering a non-selected photodetector to stably select and switch a photodetector. The photodetector-amplifier circuit of the present invention comprises photodetectors 12 and 13. The photodetector 12 is connected via a switch 16 between an inverting input terminal of an operational amplifier 11 and GND, and is also connected via a switch 18 to a voltage source Vcc. The photodetector 13 is connected via a switch 17 to the inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier 11 and GND, and is also connected via a switch 19 to the voltage source Vcc.

Abstract: A differential amplifier circuit, an operational amplifier circuit, and a light-receiving amplifier circuit using the same are provided, by which the influence of an on resistance of an analog switch is reduced during the switching of gain resistances. An NPN transistor Q2 having an emitted connected in common is connected to an NPN transistor Q1 of a differential amplifier circuit including the NPN transistors Q1 and Q3, PNP transistors Q4 and Q5, and a constant-current source I1, and analog switches ASW-1c and ASW-2c are inserted and connected to the collectors of the NPN transistors Q1 and Q2 and connected to the base and collector of the PNP transistor Q4 and the base of the PNP transistor Q5. Further, analog switches ASW-1b and ASW-2b are connected to the bases of the NPN transistors Q1 and Q2, respectively.

Abstract: An electronic document management system includes an electronic document management unit that manages a correlation between address information that is printed on a surface of a medium to specify a position of the surface of the medium and an electronic document printed on the medium, and an accumulating unit that accumulates correction information describing a difference between a position of the electronic document on a document image and a position on the medium by a code image describing the address information printed on the surface of the medium together with the electronic document, in connection with the medium. The electronic document management unit inputs reading information of the code image, and corrects position information obtained from the reading information based on the accumulated correction information so that a position of the electronic document on the document image matches with a position on the medium by the code image.

Abstract: An amplifier circuit according to the present invention includes: a first operational amplifier having a negative input terminal, a positive input terminal, and an output terminal; a photodiode connected to the negative input terminal; a first resistor inserted between the output terminal and the negative input terminal; and a second resistor inserted between the output terminal and the positive input terminal, in which the amplifier circuit outputs current from the output terminal via the second resistor.

Abstract: Particulate chemical substances and method of manufacturing thereof wherein the resultant particles have a narrow particle size distribution and sufficient hardness to ensure that particles can withstand intact being driven through pneumatic transportation equipment. The method comprises granulating raw material using a spray granulation apparatus having a nozzle plate equipped with nozzle pipes having a length in the range of 2-100 mm.

Abstract: A photocurrent amplifier circuit is capable of selectively amplifying one or more of photocurrents which are respectively obtainable from plural receiving devices, and can be realized to have a small size. The photocurrent amplifier circuit includes: light receiving devices; amplifier devices associated with the light receiving devices; device selector switches which apply input voltages, which inactivate the amplifier devices, to the associated amplifier devices; and a differential amplifier circuit having an inverting input unit configured by the amplifier devices which are connected in parallel. The inputs of the amplifier devices and the output of the differential amplifier circuit are connected by gain resistances. The differential amplifier circuit amplifies, into voltage signals, photocurrents flowing from the light receiving devices which respectively associated with the gain resistances.

Abstract: An amplifier unit is provided, with which the need for manufacturing a photoelectric conversion IC in Bi-CMOS process is eliminated, and relatively low process cost of the photoelectric conversion IC is achieved. The input section of a buffer (the base of a transistor Q5) is connected with a plurality of patterns of phase compensation circuits each including a resistor and a capacitor connected in series. A bipolar transistor (Q6) is interposed between a positive power supply line and a capacitor (C2) forming a capacitance of the phase compensation circuit. By switching on/off the bipolar transistor (Q6), the capacitance value and resistance value of the phase compensation circuit are switched. Since the bipolar transistor (Q6) is interposed between the capacitor (C2) and the positive power supply line, base current (Isw) acting as a switch signal does not affect the amplifier unit.

Abstract: The present invention has as an object to provide, for received-light amplifiers capable of changing the current-voltage conversion efficiency by changing the resistance of feedback resistors, a received-light amplifier which can prevent the deterioration of output voltage linearity occurring when the current-voltage conversion efficiency is low. The present invention includes: a light-receiving device PD; a current amplification circuit which amplifies an output current of the light-receiving device PD, and outputs the amplified current; and a current-voltage conversion circuit which performs voltage-conversion on the output current from the current amplification circuit.

Abstract: A high-capacity enclosed nickel-zinc primary battery excellent in characteristics such as capacity maintenance factor, energy density, and high-efficient discharge characteristics, an anode using it, and a production method for them. An enclosed nickel-zinc primary battery which uses as an anode an anode active material of nickel hydroxide compound, such as nickel oxyhydroxide, particles and uses zinc alloy gel as a cathode material, wherein a ratio of anode theoretical capacity to cathode theoretical capacity is 1.0-1.6, and a ratio of alkali electrolyte to anode theoretical capacity is 1.0-1.6 ml/Ah.