Abstract: Before warmup of a fuel cell stack (1) is complete, a cooling water pressure of the fuel cell stack (1) is suppressed lower than the pressure used when the fuel cell system is run in the steady state. In this way, when the system is started from a low temperature state, water in a cathode (2) and anode (3) flows efficiently into the cooling water passage (9), and water clogging is prevented while maintaining a proper water balance in the fuel cell system.

Abstract: In a cylinder head 1 of an internal combustion engine, communicating passageways 17, 18, 17′, 18′ for coolant are provided between combustion chambers 3 and pass-through holes 21 to 28 at positions which overlap straight lines L1, L2 connecting centers C2, C3 of the exhaust port openings 6a, 7a with centers C5 to C8 of the pass-through holes 25 to 28 and straight lines L3, L4 connecting centers C9, C10 of the intake port openings 4a, 5a with centers C11 to c14 of the pass-through holes 21 to 24 when a mating surface 2 of the cylinder head 1 with the cylinder block is viewed from the bottom. When peripheries of the exhaust port openings 6a, 7a and intake port openings 4a, 5a thermally expand, the suppression of thermal expansion by the bolts at fastening portions is alleviated by the communicating passageways 17, 18, 17′, 18′.

Abstract: This invention provides a network identity mark issuance/management system which can readily assure credibility of information and credibility in business in virtual worlds such as the Internet world. Upon receiving NIM issuance application information sent out by an applicant from a user terminal, an NIM issuance/management apparatus extracts user IDs registered with NIM authentication terminals from the NIM issuance application information and sends out the appropriate user ID and an authentication request to each of the NIM authentication terminals. When examination result information is received from the NIM authentication terminals in response to the authentication request and if the examination results are “accept,” the NIM issuance/management apparatus issues an NIM and sends it out to the user terminal. The user terminal receives the NIM issued by the NIM issuance/management apparatus via a network and retains it.

Abstract: A printer controller obtains high-speed bitmap generation processing while maintaining flexibility in macro definition when generating bitmap data from a macro-formed data. A processing unit calls macro data from a memory storing macro data to generate bitmap data. The processing unit determines effectiveness of bitmapping the macro instruction, to store into memory the bitmap data only when the bitmapped data is determined effective. Even in case of macro definition having degree of freedom, the data can be retained in a bitmap form. This enables to omit command analysis and expansion next time or after in macro control having flexibility in macro definition.

Abstract: In the air-conditioning system, a primary side to generate heat includes a heat storage and a heat source and produces cool or warm water using an inexpensive commercial power source such as a nighttime power source. A system collaboration unit is disposed between a motor to drive a water pump and a power source. The unit is connected to the motor via a cable. An output from the inverter is connected to the motor via a cable.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a communication system/method including a message export section/step of exporting a message to a user terminal through a communication network on the basis of a preset export condition, a reply confirming section/step of receiving from the user terminal through the communication network a reply to the message exported by the message export section/step, and confirming the reply, and an action executing section/step of executing a preset action when no reply is confirmed by the reply confirming section/step. In the communication system/method, the user terminal and an action execution apparatus which executes the steps are connected through the communication network.

Abstract: When a jam happens at the second printer in a tandem printer system, the printing operation is terminated at the first and second printers. The continuous sheet after establishment of the primary page images at the first printer is reserved between the first and second printers. The first recovery page for the second printer is determined based on the primary page images on the continuous sheet remaining between the first and second printers. Accordingly, it is not necessary to remove the entire continuous sheet remaining between the first and second printers when the printing operation should be recovered. It is possible to minimize the loss of the continuous sheet reserved between first and second printers even when a jam happens at the second printer.

Abstract: The present invention is directed toward realizing the distribution of advertisements that can attract the attention of users to advertisements and thus maximize the effect of the advertisements. A matching table stores correspondence information for linking advertisement information to events that are to be reported to user terminals. The event recognition unit of a server terminal recognizes the occurrence of an event that is to be reported to a user terminal, and a matching unit refers to the matching table and specifies the advertisement information that has been linked to the event that has been recognized. A distribution control unit, instead of performing a process of reporting the recognized event to the user terminal by way of the communication network, fetches the specified advertisement information from an advertisement storage unit and transmits the specified advertisement information to the user terminal by way of the communication network.

Abstract: An infrared cut-off layer containing an ITO powder is formed on one surface of a base film, to form an infrared cut-off film. The ITO powder has a minimum value of a diffused-reflection-functional logarithm, logf(Rd), at a light wavelength of 470 nm or lower, which logarithm is measured on the basis of the following equation, f(Rd)=(1−Rd)2/2Rd=&agr;/S (Rd: a relative reflectance to a standard sample, &agr;: an absorption coefficient, S: a scattering coefficient, formulated for a diffused reflection light, and the minimum value of −0.1 or less. There is provided an infrared cut-off film having a hue of blue and sufficient transparency.

Abstract: A method to accurately evaluate a thermal cycle life of an article with a restraint rate as an evaluating parameter without providing a thermal cycle under actual service conditions to the article subjected to the thermal cycle.

Abstract: When a jam happens at the second printer in a tandem printer system, the printing operation is terminated at the first and second printers. The continuous sheet after establishment of the primary page images at the first printer is reserved between the first and second printers. The first recovery page for the second printer is determined based on the primary page images on the continuous sheet remaining between the first and second printers. Accordingly, it is not necessary to remove the entire continuous sheet remaining between the first and second printers when the printing operation should be recovered. It is possible to minimize the loss of the continuous sheet reserved between first and second printers even when a jam happens at the second printer.

Abstract: Methods are provided for complementarily dividing, on a divided stencil reticle as used in charged-particle-beam (CPB) microlithography, certain pattern elements into complementary pattern-element portions, and for exposing the pattern-element portions without significantly reducing throughput. For example, a large-area pattern element, having length and width equal to or greater than a division criterion L, is complementarily divided into linear pattern-element portions each having a width<L, and length≧L. Each pattern-element portion can have respective overlap regions along edges at which the portions as projected are conjoined on a lithographic substrate. The pattern-element portions are defined on at most two complementary reticles (or reticle portions) thereby imposing less adverse effect on throughput than conventionally.

Abstract: A head slider for recording and playing back signals on a medium while floating on the medium has a head slider body and a lubrication layer on a slider surface of the head slider body. A lubricant of the lubrication layer has a main chain structure the same as a main chain structure of a lubricant of a lubrication layer of the medium. However, a terminal group of the lubricant of the lubrication layer, which is applied on the head slider has different structure from a structure of a terminal group of the lubricant of the lubrication layer on the medium. Thus, the adhesion does not occur between the lubrication layers of the head slider and the medium. As a result, the glide height of the head slider from the medium can be reduced by a distance of sub-nano-orders. The floating height of the head slider from the medium is decreased so that a plurality of signals are recorded on the medium in a high density.

Abstract: An optical pickup apparatus which supports two wavelengths and is amenable to a reduction in size without employing a combining prism. The optical pickup apparatus employs a semiconductor laser device implemented in the form of a one-chip laser diode having two light sources for emitting a first laser beam and a second laser beam at a wavelength different from that of the first laser beam. A photodetector unit has a first detector section for receiving the first laser beam and a second detector section for receiving the second laser beam, and is set at positions at which the first and second laser beams follow return light paths of different lengths from an optical disc to the first and second detector sections.

Abstract: An optical pickup apparatus capable of reading information from recording media of different read wavelengths, includes a light-emitter having a first light source for emitting a first laser beam integrated with a second light source for emitting a second laser beam of a different wavelength from that of the first laser beam. The optical pickup apparatus includes a photodetector for receiving a beam reflected by each of the recording media and an optical system having a plurality of optical elements which form an optical path to guide the first and second laser beams to the recording media and which form an optical path for guiding the reflected beam to the photodetector and through which the first and second laser beams pass.

Abstract: An optical pickup apparatus includes a semiconductor laser device having a plurality of light emitting portions for emitting laser beams having different wavelengths on a substrate for emitting a laser beam from one of the plurality of light emitting portions in response to a light emitter selecting instruction in the same emitting direction. The laser beam emitted from the semiconductor laser device is converged by an objective lens and led to a recording surface of an optical disk, and the objective lens is moved to one of a plurality of different positions in a radial direction of the optical disk, corresponding to the selected light emitting portion.

Abstract: A reflective mirror 14 is inclined and placed with respect to an objective lens 16 and a photoelectric conversion element 15 for monitor is placed in the back side of the reflective mirror 14. The reflective mirror 14 is formed into a structure in which a semi-transmission film HM having predetermined reflectance and transmittance is formed on one surface of a substrate of a transparent medium. When a laser beam for information record or information reproduction is launched from semiconductor lasers 2a, 3 to the reflective mirror 14, the semi-transmission film HM splits the laser beam into a reflected beam and a transmitted beam and the reflected beam is emitted to the side of the objective lens 16 and the transmitted beam is emitted to the side of the photoelectric conversion element 15.

Abstract: Laser beams h1, h2 with different wavelengths emitted from semiconductor lasers 2a, 3 are incident to an optical path joint prism 13 and each of optical intensities of the laser beams h1, h2 is detected by a photoelectric conversion element 15 provided in an optical path integrated by the optical path joint prism 13 on which a semi-transmission film HM is provided and APC control of each of light emission intensities of the semiconductor lasers 2a, 3 is performed on a basis of each of detection results. As a result of this, the beam intensity of the laser beam h1 passing through the optical path joint prism 13 to be applied to an information recording medium and the laser beam h2 reflecting the optical path joint prism 13 to be applied to the information recording medium are controlled properly.

Abstract: An optical pickup apparatus and a laser diode chip which can simplify and miniaturize a construction of the apparatus is provided for using a plurality of laser beams of different wavelengths. The laser diode chip is a chip for the optical pickup apparatus in which a plurality of light emitting portions for emitting the laser beams of the different wavelengths in the same emitting direction are formed on a substrate. Light emitting points of the plurality of light emitting portions are located at positions which are different in the emitting direction.

Abstract: It is an exemplified object of the present invention to provide a printing system for printing a Web page and printing method using the printing method that can initiates printing without requiring long wait after a print command is transmitted.