Abstract: A temperature adjustment device includes: at least one first Peltier unit having a heat absorption surface and a heat release surface; at least one second Peltier unit having a heat absorption surface and a heat release surface; a controller which controls the drive currents of the first Peltier unit and the second Peltier unit; a primary circulation mechanism which circulates a primary refrigerant between a first heat release block and a heat absorption block; at least one second heat release block which has a flow path through which a secondary refrigerant flows, receives heat from the heat release surface of the second Peltier unit and transmits the heat to the secondary refrigerant; a heat exchanger which receives the secondary refrigerant discharged from the second heat release block and releases heat; and a secondary circulation mechanism which circulates the secondary refrigerant between the second heat release block and the heat exchanger.

Abstract: A temperature adjustment device includes: at least one first Peltier unit having a heat absorption surface and a heat release surface; at least one second Peltier unit having a heat absorption surface and a heat release surface; a controller which controls the drive currents of the first Peltier unit and the second Peltier unit; a primary circulation mechanism which circulates a primary refrigerant between a first heat release block and a heat absorption block; at least one second heat release block which has a flow path through which a secondary refrigerant flows, receives heat from the heat release surface of the second Peltier unit and transmits the heat to the secondary refrigerant; a heat exchanger which receives the secondary refrigerant discharged from the second heat release block and releases heat; and a secondary circulation mechanism which circulates the secondary refrigerant between the second heat release block and the heat exchanger.

Abstract: A low-cost sine-wave drive for a 3-phase permanent magnet synchronous AC machines (PMSM) in open-loop control is based on the measurements of two linear Hall sensors. The two Hall sensors are excited by a magnetic ring with the same pole number as the PMSM rotor magnet and sinusoidal flux distributions. The output signals of the Hall sensors are unified through a two-phase-type phase-lock-loop in order to reduce the impact of the sensor mounting non-uniformity during mass production. The peak torque and speed of motor is simply controlled by adjusting the amplitude of pulse-width-modulation carrier. Smooth torque control is achieved due to sinusoidal 3-phase currents. Such a simple sine-wave drive can be achieved with or without the assistance of a micro-controller unit (MCU). No current sensor is required for the motor phase current detection. This motor can be used in industrial applications where there is no strict requirement on torque response and constant speed control of PMSM machines.

Abstract: The salient pole electrical machine comprises a salient pole passive rotor and a stator. Each slot of the stator has a winding about a permanent magnet which extends radially through the stator. The permanent magnet is polarised circumferentially. A housing of conductive material encompasses the stator. The housing has zones, adjacent the magnets, in which the material of the housing is reduced compared to zones intermediate the magnets.

Abstract: The movable operating device includes a frame for fixedly supporting an object having a first surface, a plurality of movable members movably supported on the frame, and a movement control device for moving the movable members for positioning. At least one of the plurality of movable members includes an operating portion that is opposed to the first surface to perform an operation on the first surface. At least two of the plurality of movable members are driven by the movement control device such that respective reaction forces that are generated upon driving those movable members are reduced by each other, thereby restraining those reaction forces from being exerted on the frame.

Abstract: A low-cost sine-wave drive for a 3-phase permanent magnet synchronous AC machines (PMSM) in open-loop control is based on the measurements of two linear Hall sensors. The two Hall sensors are excited by a magnetic ring with the same pole number as the PMSM rotor magnet and sinusoidal flux distributions. The output signals of the Hall sensors are unified through a two-phase-type phase-lock-loop in order to reduce the impact of the sensor mounting non-uniformity during mass production. The peak torque and speed of motor is simply controlled by adjusting the amplitude of pulse-width-modulation carrier. Smooth torque control is achieved due to sinusoidal 3-phase currents. Such a simple sine-wave drive can be achieved with or without the assistance of a micro-controller unit (MCU). No current sensor is required for the motor phase current detection. This motor can be used in industrial applications where there is no strict requirement on torque response and constant speed control of PMSM machines.

Abstract: A power train device is provided with an electric motor including a cylindrical stator wound with electric oils and a cylindrical rotor which is disposed radially inwardly of the stator and rotated by energization of the electric coils. A reduction gear mechanism is provided for reducing the number of rotations of the rotor, and a differential gear mechanism is provided for supplying rotation power from the output of the reduction gear mechanism to a pair of drive shafts connected to each wheel and for absorbing a differential between the wheels. A cover covers the electric motor, the reduction gear mechanism and the differential gear mechanism, and the reduction gear mechanism is mounted radially inwardly of the cylindrical rotor.

Abstract: The generation of oscillations and acoustic noises which result from a rapid change in the magnetic flux upon switching the energization is suppressed, while simultaneously preventing a reduction in the driving efficiency and preventing a resonance from occurring. The current waveform as the current rises or fails is switched in accordance with the rotational speed of the SR motor to minimize a change in the magnetic flux, thus suppressing a reduction in the driving torque. A time interval required for the current to rise or fall is chosen to be greater than one-half the period of the natural frequency of SR motor.

Abstract: Suppression of a peak noise level as may be caused by a resonance when an SR motor is driven is intended. An offset is intentionally provided between a position for a maximum drive efficiency where the energization is to be switched and a position where the energization is actually switched. Such offsets s1, s2, s3, . . . are generated in terms of random numbers, producing a fluctuation in the frequency of the oscillations which result. The fluctuation in the frequency is effective to prevent the occurrence of a resonance. In order to avoid a resulting reduction in the drive efficiency, the magnitude of such offsets are limited to lie within a permissible shift angle, which is in turn determined in terms of the prevailing torque and number of revolutions, by reference to a map.

Abstract: A DC voltage converting device having a choke coil, a switching device, a capacitor for accumulating electric energy, an inhibition setting device for setting and releasing an inhibition of charging, a current detecting device for detecting a charge current of the choke coil, a charge/discharge setting device for setting a discharge of the choke coil, and a driving device for conductively energizing the switching device. Based on this construction, when a capacitor voltage exceeds a predetermined voltage, only a time for interrupting the charge is extended.

Abstract: An actuator end cap is provided for an actuator having a housing and a cover connected together and defining a joint therebetween. The end cap has a skirt portion disposed in overlying relation to the joint to provide a fluid-tight seal for the joint. A breather hole is formed in the side of the cover and a semi-cylindrical groove is formed on the inner surface of the skirt of the end cap. One end of the groove is disposed in communication with the breather hole in the cover and the other end of the groove is in communication with a vent hole extending outwardly through the end cap.

Abstract: An ignition device for an internal combustion engine comprising an electromagnetic energy accumulator, a power source for supplying electromagnetic energy to the electromagnetic energy accumulator increasing an electromgnetic supplying line, a switching device responsive to rotation of the engine for controlling the supply of energy from the power source to the accumulator, a transformer having a primary winding connected to the accumulator, and a secondary winding for inducing a flow of electromagnetic energy in the secondary winding in response to the flow of electromagnetic energy in the primary winding, a rectifier for controlling the direction of flow of the electromagnetic energy in the primary winding and a spark generator connected to the secondary winding of the transformer for generating an electric spark in response to the energy flowing in the secondary winding.

Abstract: A multi spark ignition system using an ignition capacitor and an ignition transformer uses a device for providing charging energy to the ignition capacitor. A field effect discharge switching means is used for discharging the energy that is stored in the ignition capacitor through the primary winding of an ignition transformer. An oscillator is used for causing the discharging switching circuit to operate intermittently with a proper cycle. An additional controlling circuit controls the consumption of additional magnetic energy which is stored in the ignition transformer when it is in its non-operative state. Two returning means are used to consume the magnetic energy or for returning the energy and the ignition transformer under the non-operative and operative states of the discharge switching circuit.

Abstract: What is disclosed is an electromagnetic linear motion device having a pair of electromagnetic units mounted in spaced parallel position with a permanent magnetic armature between them. A gap is maintained between the units which is sufficiently small to permit most of the magnetic lines of flux generated by the units to pass along upper and lower plates forming each unit. The gap is sufficiently small, however, to prevent the magnetic cores of each unit from saturating and reducing the force generated by the device. The novel arrangement of the electric coils within each unit permits additional turns to be added for increasing the force generated by the device without increasing overall thickness.

Abstract: A multiple ring armature core for a low profile DC motor. In one embodiment of the invention, the armature core is constructed of a plurality of insulated metal sheets or disks. Each sheet is in turn constructed of a plurality of rings or washers interfitted together with an air gap therebetween. The air gap is filled with an insulating material and the armature core completely encapsulated to form a composite structure. In another embodiment of the invention, the armature core is constructed of a plurality of sheets where a first sheet is made of powdered iron and a second sheet is made of solid iron.

Abstract: A low profile electric motor has a disk-shape armature with front and rear faces. Each face has a plurality of armature windings, the turns of each winding extending across each face from one point on the periphery of the armature inwardly across the face to a point adjacent the center of the face and outwardly to another point on the periphery. The novel arrangement of the windings maximizes the number of turns that are cut by the magnetic flux generated by the motor field magnetics, and thus increases the torque produced by the motor. The rotor is not penetrated by the shaft, in one embodiment.

Abstract: A wiring system for use in vehicles wherein a common single conductor bus is utilized for both power and control function transmission. A plurality of transmitters attached to the bus receive power from the bus and supply control signals to the bus as required. A plurality of receivers, attached to the bus, receive power and the control signals from the bus. Each receiver is tuned to respond only to the particular control signal produced by a single transmitter. Upon receipt of the appropriate control signals, the receivers couple power from the bus to various loads.

Abstract: An ignition transformer and spark plug cover assembly adapted for mounting on an internal combustion engine for application of ignition signals from an ignition circuit to a respective engine spark plug, including a base member fixedly fastened to the engine, including connector receptacles for making electrical connection thereto, a connector member mounted on the base member and having respective connectors contacts mating with the base member connector receptacles, a transformer assembly including an ignition transformer mechanically connected to and supported by the connector member and including connector pins for making electrical connection between the ignition transformer and the connector contacts of the connector member, and a cover for making electrical connection with a respective spark plug, including a high tension conductor connected to the ignition transformer.

Abstract: A current detector comprising a current-pulse duty conversion element including a core of an amorphous, magnetically soft material having a first and a second coil disposed thereon. A current which is to be determined is passed through the first coil while the current flowing through the second coil is detected. A pulse of a given frequency is applied to one end of the second coil while the other end of the second coil is connected with an element which converts the current flowing through the second coil into a corresponding voltage. A voltage developed across the element is integrated and then converted into an analog voltage. The duty ratio of the voltage pulse appearing across the element which is connected to the other end of the second coil changes in accordance with the value of current passing through the first coil, whereby the analog voltage shifts.

Abstract: An ignition system for an internal combustion engine, wherein separate ignition transformers are mounted directly on respective spark plugs and an A.C. drive signal is applied to the ignition transformers sequentially in accordance with engine timing to fire the spark plugs sequentially. The A.C. drive signal is applied to each of the ignition transformers by means of a leakage transformer whereby ignition currents are maintained at a relatively low level after initiation of the ignition discharge across the spark plug electrodes. In one embodiment, each ignition transformer is composed of plural individual transformers disposed in a planetary arrangement around an axis defined by the respective spark plug. Each of these individual transformers includes at least one secondary winding and at least one primary winding wound on a respective core, with each of the secondary windings mounted in series across the electrodes of the spark plug.