Abstract: A carrier containing a core material and a resin coating layer located overlying the surface of the core material. The resin coating layer contains resin and electroconductive particles having an oil absorption amount of from 10 to 300 ml/100 g. The electroconductive particle contains a base material particle and an electroconductive coating layer located overlying the surface of the base material particle. The electroconductive coating layer contains an underlayer containing tin dioxide and an upper layer containing indium oxide and tin dioxide, located overlying the underlayer.

Abstract: A toner which includes a toner material, wherein the toner satisfies the following formula: 0° C.??Tm?20° C. where ?Tm represents Tma (° C.)?Tmb (° C.), Tma (° C.) is ½ flown-out temperature of the toner by a capillary type flow tester, and Tmb (° C.) is ½ flown-out temperature of a melt kneaded mixture of the toner by the capillary type flow tester, and wherein Tma is from 130° C. to 200° C.

Abstract: A carrier for use in an image forming apparatus in which a toner and a carrier are fed to an image developer thereof and an extra developer including the toner and the carrier in the image developer is discharged therefrom, wherein at least one of the carrier fed to the image developer and a carrier readily contained therein includes a core material; and a coated film coating the core material, and wherein the coated film includes a binder resin and a particulate material having a ratio of an average particle diameter thereof to an average thickness of the coated film of from 0.01 to 1, and includes concavities and convexities having an average difference of elevation of from 0.02 to 3.0 ?m.

Abstract: A toner comprising toner particles comprising a first binder resin; a second binder resin different from said first binder resin and having a glass transition temperature of from 40 to 55° C.; a colorant; and a release agent, and a particulate resin material which is located on surface of the toner particles with a coverage of from 50 to 100%, and which has a glass transition temperature of from 50 to 90° C., wherein a weight ratio (W2/W1) between the second binder resin (W2) and the first binder resin (W1) is from 5/95 to 40/60, and wherein a ratio (G?80/G?180) between a storage modulus of the toner at 80° C. (G?80) and a storage modulus at 180° C. (G?180) is from 100 to 1,000.

Abstract: A dry toner is provided that is prepared by a method including the steps of (A) dissolving or dispersing a toner composition in an organic solvent to prepare a toner composition liquid and (B) dispersing the toner composition liquid in an aqueous liquid which contains a binder resin formed of a modified polyester (i) and a colorant containing a carbon black having a pH not greater than 7, wherein the toner has a volume average particle diameter (Dv) is from 3 to 7 ?m and a ratio of the volume average particle diameter (Dv) to a number average particle diameter (Dp) is from 1.00 to 1.25.

Abstract: A toner has a storage elastic modulus (G?) of 500 Pa or more at a frequency of 1 Hz and temperature of 180° C., while the toner is obtained by dissolving or dispersing a toner composition in an organic solvent, further dispersing the solution or dispersion thereof in an aqueous medium containing fine resin particles as well as being reacted with a compound having an active hydrogen group, and removing the solvent from the obtained aqueous dispersion.

Abstract: An improved developing device for developing latent images to toner images is provided for stabilizing the amount of the developer on the developing bearing member, in which the amount of toner particles consumed in one second for the development process “a” (mg/sec) and circumferential velocity of the surface of the developer bearing member “b” (m/sec) are arranged to satisfy the following relationships (1) and (2) at the condition in which the amount of the developer after 20 hours of rotation of the developer bearing member exceeds the amount of the developer before rotation: 45 mg/m<a/b??(1) a/b<110 mg/m??(2).

Abstract: A vapor growth device which is constituted as a single-wafer type and has a gas introducing port through which a material gas is led into a reaction vessel. A dam member is disposed around a susceptor, and the material gas from the gas introducing port hits the outer peripheral surface of the dam ring and rides on an upper surface side, and then is allowed to flow along the main surface of a silicon single-crystal substrate placed on the susceptor. Guide plates for dividing the flow in the width direction of the material gas are disposed on the upper surface of the dam member. Accordingly, a vapor growth device capable of controlling the flow rate of material gas flowing on a silicon single-crystal substrate, and a production method for an epitaxial wafer using it are provided.

Abstract: A toner has a storage elastic modulus (G?) of 500 Pa or more at a frequency of 1 Hz and temperature of 180° C., while the toner is obtained by dissolving or dispersing a toner composition in an organic solvent, further dispersing the solution or dispersion thereof in an aqueous medium containing fine resin particles as well as being reacted with a compound having an active hydrogen group, and removing the solvent from the obtained aqueous dispersion.

Abstract: A toner composition including toner particles including a binder resin including a modified polyester resin, and a second resin having a weight average molecular weight of from 2,000 to 10,000; a colorant; a release agent; and a particulate material which is present at least a surface portion of the toner particles while embedded into the surface portion, wherein the binder resin has a glass transition temperature not lower than 35° C. and lower than 55° C., and wherein the particulate material has an average particle diameter of from 0.002 to 0.2 times that of the toner particles. A developer including the toner composition and a carrier having a layer thereon which includes at least an acrylic resin and a silicone resin, and a method for fixing an image of the toner composition are also provided.

Abstract: A toner comprising toner particles comprising a first binder resin; a second binder resin different from said first binder resin and having a glass transition temperature of from 40 to 55 ° C.; a colorant; and a release agent, and a particulate resin material which is located on surface of the toner particles with a coverage of from 50 to 100%, and which has a glass transition temperature of from 50 to 90 ° C., wherein a weight ratio (W2/W1) between the second binder resin (W2) and the first binder resin (W1) is from 5/95 to 40/60, and wherein a ratio (G?80/G?180) between a storage modulus of the toner at 80 ° C. (G?80) and a storage modulus at 180 ° C. (G?180) is from 100 to 1,000.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide a carrier for electrophotography which includes a core material and a coating layer comprising particles on a surface of the core material, in which the carrier for electrophotography comprises indium (In) in an amount of 0.0001% by mass to 0.5% by mass. The present invention also provides a developer using the carrier, a developer container, an image forming method, an image forming apparatus, and a process cartridge in each of which the carrier is used.

Abstract: A toner for developing a latent electrostatic image including a base of toner particle which contains a binder resin and a coloring agent, and an external additive. Herein, a plurality of the base of toner particle has a volume average particle diameter (Dv) of 3 ?m to 7 ?m, a ratio (Dv/Dn) of the volume average particle diameter (Dv) to a number average particle diameter (Dn) is 1.01 to 1.25, a plurality of the base of toner particle contains 15% by number or less of the base of toner particle having a particle diameter of 0.6 ?m to 2.0 ?m, a plurality of the base of toner particle has a circularity of 0.930 to 0.990 on average, the binder resin contains a modified polyester resin, and the toner contains 0.3 parts by weight to 5.0 parts by weight of the external additive, relative to 100 parts by weight of the base of toner particle.

Abstract: A toner comprising toner particles comprising a first binder resin; a second binder resin different from said first binder resin and having a glass transition temperature of from 40 to 55° C.; a colorant; and a release agent, and a particulate resin material which is located on surface of the toner particles with a coverage of from 50 to 100%, and which has a glass transition temperature of from 50 to 90° C., wherein a weight ratio (W2/W1) between the second binder resin (W2) and the first binder resin (W1) is from 5/95 to 40/60, and wherein a ratio (G?80/G?180) between a storage modulus of the toner at 80° C. (G?80) and a storage modulus at 180° C. (G?180) is from 100 to 1,000.

Abstract: A toner has a storage elastic modulus (G?) of 500 Pa or more at a frequency of 1 Hz and temperature of 180° C., while the toner is obtained by dissolving or dispersing a toner composition in an organic solvent, further dispersing the solution or dispersion thereof in an aqueous medium containing fine resin particles as well as being reacted with a compound having an active hydrogen group, and removing the solvent from the obtained aqueous dispersion.

Abstract: A carrier contains a core material; and a coated film containing a binder resin, and a particulate material, the coated film covering the core material, wherein a ratio (D/h) of an average particle diameter (D) of the particulate material to an average thickness (h) of the coated film is from 0.01 to 1, and wherein the carrier has concavities and convexities on the surface of the carrier, the concavities and convexities having a difference of elevation of from 0.05 to 2.0 ?m.

Abstract: A toner for developing latent electrostatic images is in the form of particles prepared by dissolving or dispersing each component of a composition in an organic solvent to form a solution or dispersion, the composition containing at least a resin reactive with a compound having an active hydrogen group, a compound having an active hydrogen group, a coloring agent, a releasing agent, and a graft polymer C of a polyolefin resin A on which a vinyl resin B has been at least partially grafted; dispersing the solution or dispersion in an aqueous medium; reacting the reactive resin with the compound having an active hydrogen group; removing the organic solvent during or after the step of reacting; and washing and drying particles formed by removing the organic solvent.

Abstract: A toner composition including toner particles including a binder resin including a modified polyester resin, and a second resin having a weight average molecular weight of from 2,000 to 10,000; a colorant; a release agent; and a particulate material which is present at least a surface portion of the toner particles while embedded into the surface portion, wherein the binder resin has a glass transition temperature not lower than 35° C. and lower than 55° C., and wherein the particulate material has an average particle diameter of from 0.002 to 0.2 times that of the toner particles. A developer including the toner composition and a carrier having a layer thereon which includes at least an acrylic resin and a silicone resin, and a method for fixing an image of the toner composition are also provided.

Abstract: A carrier contains a core; and a cover layer located overlying the core, wherein the cover layer comprises a binder resin, a first particulate material and a second particulate material,wherein the following relationships are satisfied: 1<(D1/h)<10, and 0.001<(D2/h)<1, wherein D1 (?m) represents a volume average particle diameter of the first particulate material, D2 (?m) represents a volume average particle diameter of the second particulate material, and h (?m) represents a thickness of the cover layer, and wherein the second particulate material has a volume resistivity of not greater than 1.0×1012 ?·cm.

Abstract: A toner which includes a toner material, wherein the toner satisfies the following formula: 0° C.??Tm?20° C. where ?Tm represents Tma (° C.)?Tmb (° C.), Tma (° C.) is ½ flown-out temperature of the toner by a capillary type flow tester, and Tmb (° C.) is ½ flown-out temperature of a melt kneaded mixture of the toner by the capillary type flow tester, and wherein Tma is from 130° C. to 200° C.