Abstract: An extracellular potential measurement device includes multiple insulating films each of which is made from an electric insulating material, the insulating films being stacked and bonded to each other; and multiple electrode wires each of which is made from an electroconductive material, the electrode wires being arranged in multiple heights. Each of the electrode wires is interposed between an upper insulating film and a lower insulating film. Each of the insulating films, except for a lowermost insulating film, has an opening penetrating the insulating film. The opening in a lower insulating film has a size that is less than that of the opening in an upper insulating film, the openings in the insulating films being overlapped to form a recess having a size reducing downward, the recess being adapted to store a collection of cells. Each of the electrode wires has an end that is located near an opening in an insulating film that is immediately below the electrode wire, the ends being exposed in the recess.

Abstract: A back-side illuminated solid-state imaging device includes a photodiode and MOS transistors at a semiconductor substrate. The MOS transistors are formed over the front surface of the semiconductor substrate. The photodiode responds to an incident light applied to the back surface opposite to the front surface of the semiconductor substrate. A charge storing portion, and a first and second transfer gates are formed over the main part of the photodiode and the front surface of the semiconductor substrate located above the vicinity of the main part so as to achieve the global shutter function. Since the irradiation light is incident on the photodiode from the back surface of the semiconductor substrate in back-side illuminated solid-state imaging device, the sensitivity of the photodiode is not reduced even when the first and second transfer gates, and the charge storing portion are formed to achieve the global shutter function.

Abstract: An apparatus for inputting information includes an image input section which acquires the image information through an image sensor, a motion calculation section which calculates a distance of movement based on the image information, an information selection section which selects symbol information from a symbol table in operatively interlocked relation with the calculated distance of movement, and an information display section which displays the symbol table and the selected symbol information.

Abstract: The image pickup apparatus comprises a holder (8) for holding optical parts; and a holder holding member (9), a part of which is engaged with the holder (8), for holding a package (7) enclosing an image pickup device (4) in an engaged state. A first engagement portion (11) provided for the holder (8) and a second engagement portion (12) provided for the holder holding member (9) are engaged with each other to sandwich the package (7) from the upper and lower sides, and at least one of the holder (8) and the holder holding member (9) has a structure by which the holder (8) and the holder holding member (9) are pressed against each other, thereby integrating the package (7) and the optical parts.

Abstract: A waste water treatment apparatus which is compact, and excellent in durability, has a high treatment performance and can stably operate for a long time is provided. In a waste water treatment apparatus at least comprising a waste water treatment tank in which a carrier particle immobilizing a microbe is charged and decomposing and eliminating an organic matter and/or an inorganic matter contained in a waste water, and a membrane module for filtrating a water to be treated which flows out from said treatment tank, a non-permeating water not passing thorough the membrane module is returned and circulated to said treatment tank. In a waste water treatment apparatus at least comprising a waste water treatment tank in which a carrier particle immobilizing a microbe is charged and decomposing and eliminating an organic matter and/or an inorganic matter contained in a waste water, a carrier immobilizing a microbe is an acetalized polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel.

Abstract: Intercommunication of data between adjacent element processors (3) is performed through a memory unit (6) which is independently accessible to the respective element processors (3) without interfere with the operations of the other element processors (3). Thus, memory access and data transfer can be achieved without interfere with the operations of individual element processor (3). Furthermore, it becomes possible to solve differential equations by asynchronous communication system.

Abstract: A fuzzy development-support device includes a data input unit, a fuzzy-inference execution unit and a result verification unit. As an example, the data input unit includes a display unit connected to a membership function generator and a grid pitch designation unit for designating a grid pitch on a grid sheet displayed on the display unit for creation of membership functions. The grid pitch designation unit allows variation of grid pitch on the grid sheet. Thus, an operator uses the grid pitch designation unit to achieve an effective input of membership functions by generating the grid sheet with a pitch adequate for a desired shape of membership function.

Abstract: A microprocessor which can execute a test and set instruction for an exclusive control by combination of a few simple instructions, and data flow microprocessor which realizes high operation performance mainly in vector operation by reading out of data to be operated, writing in operation result and executing memory access in short time period and in parallel, and whose running efficiency of program is high in multi-processor construction.

Abstract: A memory apparatus and a data processor using the same, wherein a shift circuit 12 which shifts a word select signal generated by an address decoder 11 by a predetermined number of words and gives it to a memory when a predetermined signal is given from the outside, is included, and the word select signal, which is a decoded address signal inputted from the outside, is given intact to the memory when the predetermined signal is not given to the shift circuit 12, and the word select signal is shifted and given to the memory when the predetermined signal is given to the shift circuit 12, so that the word different word addresses are accessed when the same address signal is given, thereby the word contiguous to the inputted address can be accessed with a simple configuration and a small amount of hardwares and by restraining increase of power consumption.

Abstract: A microprocessor which can execute a test and set instruction for an exclusive control by combination of a few simple instructions, and data flow microprocessor which realizes high operation performance mainly in vector operation by reading out of data to be operated, writing in operation result and executing memory access in short time period and in parallel, and whose running efficiency of program is high in multi-processor construction.

Abstract: A data-driven processor which has a packet assembling unit to add a tag information to the sequentially inputted data when the input data has no tag information, such as destination address or the like, thereby enabling the data to be inputted without using an external circuit, such as a host processor, and improving the data input rate and which also has a packet outputting and rearranging unit for rearranging an output packet stream in a predetermined order to thereby output the data information only, so that it is possible that the data is outputted without any external circuit, such as a host processor, the output rate is improved, and the data output is executed in a predetermined order.

Abstract: A data-driven type computer system including an input limiting section for monitoring a current number of packets existing in the circular pipeline of the system while being processed. The input limiting section is adapted to control packets from being inputted from the external unit when the current number of packets exceeds a specified threshold value which is greater than a minimum packet number existing in the circular pipeline and which allows the attainment of the highest possible throughput of the system. The input limiting section further includes a predictive control unit to preliminarily analyze a current data flow graph to be processed in the system and also to take order in rank a possible rate of increase in the quantity of packets generated by a copying operation as well as a possible rate of reduction in the prior processing by the system.

Abstract: A data flow processor which is so constructed that the destination node number in a program memory is stored at a relative address from, for example, a stored address of the present instruction, and a storing address for the next instruction is obtained by adding the relative address of the next instruction to the address of the present instruction. Hence, an amount of data of storing address of instruction to be executed next and included in the respective instructions is reduced, whereby an amount of hardware at the program memory is reduced and the memory access time is contracted.

Abstract: A data retrieving apparatus comprising an address an address generator for selecting partly at least one of bit strings of the identification data and generating a hashed address by a reversible operation thereof when a packet having an operand data and a plurality of identification data is inputted, a hash memory for being accessed by the hashed address, a match detector for comparing the identification data of the stored packet with the identification data of the inputted packet and judging match/mismatch thereof when a valid packet is already stored in the hashed address generated from the inputted packet, an associative memory unit for storing the identification data of the inputted packet as a retrieval data when the match detector judges to be mismatch, and judging match/mismatch of the identification data already stored with the identification data of the inputted packet when a packet is inputted, and an output selector for selecting an output from the hash memory or the associative memory unit in resp

Abstract: In a data driven type information processing apparatus, an operation processing unit. The operation processing unit executes processing of a high function instruction on the basis of corresponding information stored in a specification data memory, and branches data packets, received from a pair data detecting unit, to a simple instruction processing unit. The apparatus further includes a junction unit for joining data packets outputted from the high function and the simple function instruction processing units to output them to an output unit.

Abstract: An associative storage comprises two data transmission paths each of which includes a self-running shift register formed in loop fashion. In the respective data transmission paths, data packets each having identification data are transmitted to respective stages of the shift register. The identification data are extracted from the data packets transmitted on the shift registers and compared with each other in a comparing circuit. If and when the identification data of two data packets respectively transmitted on the respective transmission paths are coincident, those two data packets are determined as the data packets to be paired. The data packet pair is read from the data transmission paths.

Abstract: Novel polyamide copolymers having skeletons of a specific structure are disclosed. The polyamide copolymers have excellent resistance to hydrolysis, low temperature characteristics (low temperature softness), heat aging resistance and mechanical properties as compared to conventional polyamide copolymers. The polyamide copolymers also show excellent efficiencies in fabrication properties and transparency. In particular, the polyamide copolymers having a branched structure in the molecule thereof provide good results.

Abstract: An improved self-timed pipeline processor is provided with self-timed data transfer, thereby making it possible to control exclusively the memory reading and memory writing accesses of individual pipeline stages. The self-timed pipeline processor prohibits memory reading during memory writing and vice versa. In addition, the pipeline processor temporarily prevents the transfer of data to a next-accessing pipeline stage when the memory address presently being accessed is the same as the address to be accessed next, thereby preventing malfunction of the processor.

Abstract: A data flow processor which is so constructed that the destination node number in a program memory is stored at a relative address from, for example, a stored address of the present instruction, and a storing address for the next instruction is obtained by adding the relative address of the next instruction to the address of the present instruction. Hence, an amount of data of storing address of instruction to be executed next executed and included in the respective instructions is reduced, whereby an amount of hardware at the program memory is reduced and the memory access time is contracted.

Abstract: A data retrieving apparatus having an address generator for selecting partly at least one of bit strings of the identification data and generating a hashed address by a reversible operation thereof when a packet having an operand data and a plurality of identification data is inputted, a hash memory for being accessed by the hashed address, a match detector for comparing the identification data of the stored packet with the identification data of the inputted packet and judging match/mismatch thereof when a valid packet is already stored in the hashed address generated from the inputted packet, an associative memory unit for storing the identification data of the inputted packet as a retrieval data when the match detector judges to be mismatch, and judging match/mismatch of the identification data already stored with the identification data of the inputted packet when a packet is inputted, and an output selector for selecting an output from the hash memory or the associative memory unit in response to the res