Abstract: An optical device includes a substrate having an electrooptical effect, and including an optical waveguide that guides light and a reflection groove having a bottom face that reflects light output from the optical waveguide; and a light-receiving element positioned above the reflection groove and fixed to the substrate. The light output from the optical waveguide into the reflection groove is reflected by the bottom face of the reflection groove while traveling through a space inside the reflection groove and is incident to the light-receiving element.

Abstract: An optical device includes an optical waveguide that includes an incident waveguide, parallel waveguides along an electrode, and emission waveguides, formed on a substrate having an electro-optical effect, a first emission waveguide among the emission waveguides is set as an output waveguide of signal light, for output to an external destination and a second emission waveguide among the emission waveguides is set as a monitoring optical waveguide for the signal light; a photodetector that is disposed over the monitoring optical waveguide; and a groove formed on a portion of the substrate, where the photodetector of the monitoring optical waveguide is disposed. The monitoring optical waveguide has a width that, as compared with the width at a starting point side, is formed to increase as the monitoring optical waveguide approaches the groove.

Abstract: A fixing apparatus according to an embodiment includes: a first roller; a second roller that forms a nip between the second roller and the first roller and presses a sheet passing through the nip against the first roller; a heater that heats at least one of the first roller and the second roller, a heating range of the heater being greater than a maximum printing width of a predetermined maximum sheet width, and a heat-uniformizing member that distributes heat of the heater along a longitudinal direction thereof, an effective length of the heat-uniformizing member in the longitudinal direction being the same as, or greater than, the predetermined maximum sheet width.

Abstract: A fixing apparatus according to an embodiment includes: a first roller; a second roller that forms a nip between the second roller and the first roller and pressurizes a sheet passing through the nip against the first roller; a third roller that is disposed in parallel with the first and second rollers; a fixing belt that is stretched over the first and third rollers; a heater that uniformly heats the fixing belt in a direction of a width of the fixing belt; and a heat-uniformizing member that is a shaft-shaped heat-uniformizing member embedded in the third roller. An effective length in a longitudinal axial direction of the heat-uniformizing member is set to be the same or greater than a width of a predetermined maximum sheet so as to uniformly distribute heat of the fixing belt which is in contact with the third roller in the longitudinal axial direction.

Abstract: A sheet transport technique of clamping and transporting a sheet by a roller and a belt abutted against the roller, the technique capable of suppressing shift of the belt in the rotation axis direction of the roller without hindering downsizing of the apparatus is provided. A sheet transport apparatus is made up of a roller 101 being formed with a tubular cavity having a predetermined length in a rotation direction and covered with an elastic body on the outer periphery in the rotation radius direction of the cavity and a belt unit 102 for abutting a belt 102c of a width narrower than the width of the cavity in the rotation axis direction of the roller 101 against the roller face of the roller 101 so that it is positioned inside the range in which the cavity is formed in the rotation axis direction of the roller 101, and sandwiching a sheet 7 between the belt 102c and the roller 101 and transporting the sheet.

Abstract: A fixing apparatus according to an embodiment includes: a first roller; a second roller that forms a nip between the second roller and the first roller and pressurizes a sheet passing through the nip against the first roller; a third roller that is disposed in parallel with the first and second rollers; a fixing belt that is stretched over the first and third rollers; a heater that uniformly heats the fixing belt in a direction of a width of the fixing belt; and a heat-uniformizing member that is a shaft-shaped heat-uniformizing member embedded in the third roller. An effective length in a longitudinal axial direction of the heat-uniformizing member is set to be the same or greater than a width of a predetermined maximum sheet so as to uniformly distribute heat of the fixing belt which is in contact with the third roller in the longitudinal axial direction.

Abstract: A sheet transport technique of clamping and transporting a sheet by a roller and a belt abutted against the roller, the technique capable of suppressing shift of the belt in the rotation axis direction of the roller without hindering downsizing of the apparatus is provided. A sheet transport apparatus is made up of a roller 101 being formed with a tubular cavity having a predetermined length in a rotation direction and covered with an elastic body on the outer periphery in the rotation radius direction of the cavity and a belt unit 102 for abutting a belt 102c of a width narrower than the width of the cavity in the rotation axis direction of the roller 101 against the roller face of the roller 101 so that it is positioned inside the range in which the cavity is formed in the rotation axis direction of the roller 101, and sandwiching a sheet 7 between the belt 102c and the roller 101 and transporting the sheet.

Abstract: A sheet transport technique of clamping and transporting a sheet by a roller and a belt abutted against the roller, the technique capable of suppressing shift of the belt in the rotation axis direction of the roller without hindering downsizing of the apparatus is provided. A sheet transport apparatus is made up of a roller 101 being formed with a tubular cavity having a predetermined length in a rotation direction and covered with an elastic body on the outer periphery in the rotation radius direction of the cavity and a belt unit 102 for abutting a belt 102c of a width narrower than the width of the cavity in the rotation axis direction of the roller 101 against the roller face of the roller 101 so that it is positioned inside the range in which the cavity is formed in the rotation axis direction of the roller 101, and sandwiching a sheet 7 between the belt 102c and the roller 101 and transporting the sheet.

Abstract: The present invention has an object to provide an optical device capable of leading out a light propagated through an optical waveguide to a desired substrate side face while maintaining the sufficient power of the light, within a range of limited substrate size. To this end, according to the optical device of the present invention, a groove is formed in the vicinity of an end portion on the optical output side of the optical waveguide, on the substrate on which the optical waveguide is formed, a side wall of the groove is used as a reflecting plane, the light output from the optical waveguide is reflected by the reflecting plane, and the reflected light is emitted from the desired substrate side face.

Abstract: In An optical waveguide device, an output light reflected by a reflective groove can be monitored with a phase identical to a signal light. The optical waveguide device includes a substrate; an optical waveguide formed in a plane of the substrate and having a normal line with a predetermined angle relative to an optical axis of the optical waveguide; a reflective groove formed on the optical waveguide; and a monitor device to monitor an output light reflected by the reflective groove, wherein the reflective groove has as much depth as approaching a half or less of a mode field of a waveguided light propagated through the optical waveguide, to reflect a portion of the waveguided light.

Abstract: There is provided a technique in which a paper jam in a fixing unit can be prevented without adding a special part or the like, and without causing a damage of a pressure roller and distortion of an image due to adhesion of toner or paper powder to a peeling member. There are provided an image judgment part that judges whether an image is formed on a second surface as a back surface opposite to a first surface of a sheet on which an image is to be formed, and an image forming part that forms a specified image in the vicinity of a leading end of the first surface of the sheet in a sheet transport direction in a case where the image judgment part judges that the image is formed on the second surface.

Abstract: The present invention has an object to provide an optical device capable of leading out a light propagated through an optical waveguide to a desired substrate side face while maintaining the sufficient power of the light, within a range of limited substrate size. To this end, according to the optical device of the present invention, a groove is formed in the vicinity of an end portion on the optical output side of the optical waveguide, on the substrate on which the optical waveguide is formed, a side wall of the groove is used as a reflecting plane, the light output from the optical waveguide is reflected by the reflecting plane, and the reflected light is emitted from the desired substrate side face.

Abstract: The present invention has an object to provide an optical device capable of leading out a light propagated through an optical waveguide to a desired substrate side face while maintaining the sufficient power of the light, within a range of limited substrate size. To this end, according to the optical device of the present invention, a groove is formed in the vicinity of an end portion on the optical output side of the optical waveguide, on the substrate on which the optical waveguide is formed, a side wall of the groove is used as a reflecting plane, the light output from the optical waveguide is reflected by the reflecting plane, and the reflected light is emitted from the desired substrate side face.

Abstract: A sheet transport technique of clamping and transporting a sheet by a roller and a belt abutted against the roller, the technique capable of suppressing shift of the belt in the rotation axis direction of the roller without hindering downsizing of the apparatus is provided. A sheet transport apparatus is made up of a roller 101 being formed with a tubular cavity having a predetermined length in a rotation direction and covered with an elastic body on the outer periphery in the rotation radius direction of the cavity and a belt unit 102 for abutting a belt 102c of a width narrower than the width of the cavity in the rotation axis direction of the roller 101 against the roller face of the roller 101 so that it is positioned inside the range in which the cavity is formed in the rotation axis direction of the roller 101, and sandwiching a sheet 7 between the belt 102c and the roller 101 and transporting the sheet.

Abstract: There is provided a technique in which a paper jam in a fixing unit can be prevented without adding a special part or the like, and without causing a damage of a pressure roller and distortion of an image due to adhesion of toner or paper powder to a peeling member. There are provided an image judgment part that judges whether an image is formed on a second surface as a back surface opposite to a first surface of a sheet on which an image is to be formed, and an image forming part that forms a specified image in the vicinity of a leading end of the first surface of the sheet in a sheet transport direction in a case where the image judgment part judges that the image is formed on the second surface.

Abstract: An optical device guides propagating light to exit from a desired side surface of a substrate while maintaining sufficient power within a limited size of the substrate and which facilitates adjustment of a mount position of a light-receiving element by increasing allowable tolerance of the mount position of the light-receiving element. The optical device has a substrate, a light propagating direction path formed in the substrate, and a reflection groove formed in an output-side of said light propagating direction path in the substrate. A side wall of the reflection groove is formed to become a convex reflection surface in relation to light which enters from the light propagating direction path, and the light output from the light propagating direction path undergoes total reflection on a side wall forming the reflection surface and lets the reflected light exit from a predetermined side surface of the substrate while enlarging an image.

Abstract: The present invention has an object to provide an optical device capable of leading out a light propagated through an optical waveguide to a desired substrate side face while maintaining the sufficient power of the light, within a range of limited substrate size. To this end, according to the optical device of the present invention, a groove is formed in the vicinity of an end portion on the optical output side of the optical waveguide, on the substrate on which the optical waveguide is formed, a side wall of the groove is used as a reflecting plane, the light output from the optical waveguide is reflected by the reflecting plane, and the reflected light is emitted from the desired substrate side face.

Abstract: An optical device for receiving a light and changing a transmission direction of the received light is disclosed. The optical device includes a substrate having a surface with which the received light is transmitted in parallel; a layer formed on the surface of the substrate; and a reflecting face formed in the layer, the reflecting face being inclined and reflecting the received light to change the transmission direction of the received light.

Abstract: In an optical switch device: output waveguides are arranged with such a pitch as to realize a split wavelength gap equal to or smaller than half of a gap between operating wavelengths of optical signals; at least two input waveguides are arranged with the same pitch; at least one slab waveguide spreads light from the input waveguides to be outputted to a grating element, condenses first light from the grating element to be outputted into the input waveguides, condenses second light from the grating element for each wavelength to be outputted into the output waveguides, and spreads light from the output waveguides to be outputted to the grating element; and the optical switch unit selects signals at an identical wavelength in adjacent output waveguides, and performs 2×2 switching of the signals so as to output the signals from the input waveguides.

Abstract: An optical device guides propagating light to exit from a desired side surface of a substrate while maintaining sufficient power within a limited size of the substrate and which facilitates adjustment of a mount position of a light-receiving element by increasing allowable tolerance of the mount position of the light-receiving element. The optical device has a substrate, a light propagating direction path formed in the substrate, and a reflection groove formed in an output-side of said light propagating direction path in the substrate. A side wall of the reflection groove is formed to become a convex reflection surface in relation to light which enters from the light propagating direction path, and the light output from the light propagating direction path undergoes total reflection on a side wall forming the reflection surface and lets the reflected light exit from a predetermined side surface of the substrate while enlarging an image.