Abstract: A liquid crystal display including: a liquid crystal panel including an array substrate having an upper surface on which a common electrode and a pixel electrode are formed, an opposing substrate disposed so as to be opposite to the upper surface and a liquid crystal layer disposed between the array substrate and the opposing substrate, and a reflecting face. The liquid crystal display is further characterized in that at least one electrode of the common electrode and the pixel electrode is constituted by an electrode portion and a wiring portion, the electrode portion is at least partially constituted by a transparent electric conductor, the electrode portion is formed in a layer separated by an insulating layer from a layer in which the scanning signal line is formed, and the wiring portion is formed in the layer in which the scanning signal line is formed.

Abstract: An illumination device includes: a light emitting element to be a light source; a light amount detecting means for detecting the amount of light emitted by the light emitting element; a light emitting element drive means for controlling drive current supplied to the light emitting element so that the difference between the light mount detected by the light amount detecting means and a light amount target value becomes small; a junction temperature detecting means for calculating junction temperature of the light emitting element; and a setting means for setting the light amount target value in accordance with the junction temperature detected by the junction temperature detecting means.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides an underwater detector including a power source for applying a predetermined voltage, a voltage control circuit for controlling the voltage based on a control signal, a gate signal generating module for outputting a gate signal, a switching circuit for outputting a reference signal based on the voltage controlled by the voltage control circuit and the gate signal outputted from the gate signal generating module, and a transducer for transmitting an ultrasonic signal underwater, an envelope of which being controlled based on a waveform of the control signal by being applied with the reference signal.

Abstract: A sleeve spline structure of a synchronizer capable of lowering contact pressure in synchronization action is provided. The sleeve spline structure of a synchronizer has a first tooth portion for synchronization in acceleration, a second tooth portion for synchronization in deceleration, and a third tooth portion in a shape readily inserted between tooth portions of a gear piece.

Abstract: A pulse signal transmitting/receiving device is provided. The device includes a signal generating module for generating a transmitting signal including an amplitude-modulated chirp signal, and a reference signal including a chirp signal having a frequency that changes similarly to that of the transmitting signal, a transmitting module for transmitting a pulse having approximately the same waveform as that of the transmitting signal, a receiving module for receiving an echo signal that is the transmitting pulse reflected from a detection target object, a compensating module for extending a dynamic range of the echo signal received by the receiving module, and a pulse compressing module for outputting a pulse-compressed echo signal, wherein the pulse compression is performed by a correlation calculation between the echo signal having the dynamic range extended by the compensating module, and the reference signal.

Abstract: An OCB mode liquid crystal display panel comprises a pair of electrode substrates, a liquid crystal layer which is held between the pair of electrode substrates and has liquid crystal molecules whose alignment state is controlled within a display area by a drive voltage applied from the electrode substrates, and a pair of alignment films which are disposed on the electrode substrates in contact with the liquid crystal layer and whose rubbing directions are set parallel to each other. The display area includes a plurality of pixels arrayed in a matrix, and the rubbing directions of the alignment films are substantially opposite to a scanning direction in which rows of the pixels are sequentially selected for application of the drive voltage in a display operation.

Abstract: A reflective layer for reflecting light incident from a second substrate side and transmitting through a second electrode made of ITO or the like is formed above a first substrate, a switching element provided for each pixel, and an insulating film covering the switching element, the reflective layer being insulated from the switching element. A first electrode having a work function similar to the second electrode and made of a transparent conductive material such as ITO is formed more proximate to a liquid crystal layer than is the reflective layer and is connected to the switching element. The thickness of the first electrode is set to 100 ? or less or in a range approximately from 750 ? to 1250 ?. Alternatively, the switching element maybe connected to the reflective electrode, the first electrode and the reflective electrode which are formed with an insulating film therebetween may be capacitively coupled, and the first electrode may be driven by the reflective electrode via the capacitor.

Abstract: An OCB mode liquid crystal display panel comprises a pair of electrode substrates, a liquid crystal layer which is held between the pair of electrode substrates and has liquid crystal molecules whose alignment state is controlled within a display area by a drive voltage applied from the electrode substrates, and a pair of alignment films which are disposed on the electrode substrates in contact with the liquid crystal layer and whose rubbing directions are set parallel to each other. The rubbing directions of the pair of alignment films are oriented toward a side of a main diffusion source of impurity ions.

Abstract: An OCB mode liquid crystal display panel comprises a pair of electrode substrates, a liquid crystal layer which is held between the pair of electrode substrates and has liquid crystal molecules whose alignment state is controlled within a display area by a drive voltage applied from the electrode substrates, and a pair of alignment films which are disposed on the electrode substrates in contact with the liquid crystal layer and whose rubbing directions are set parallel to each other. The concentration of the impurity ions contained in that part of the liquid crystal layer which is located inside the display area is lower than the concentration of the impurity ions contained in that part of the liquid crystal layer which is located outside the display area.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal display having a high luminance and a high contrast and a fabrication method thereof. To achieve the above object, a liquid crystal display of the present invention includes a liquid crystal panel for displaying an image by changing transmittance of a display light and one or more structures (151), (152) for dividing a pixel (103) of the liquid crystal panel into a plurality of domains (391), in which at least part of the structure (151) is constituted by a light-transmitting portion (151B) and a light-non-transmitting portion (151A).

Abstract: A vehicle drive unit including (a) a transversely-mounted engine, (b) a transmission receiving an output of the engine and having an output shaft, and (c) a differential gear device including a ring gear and arranged to transmit an output of the transmission to a pair of right and left drive wheels while permitting a differential action, and wherein the differential gear device is located on one side of the engine which is on the side of the right and left drive wheels, and rotary power transmitting elements between an output gear fixedly mounted on the output shaft of the transmission and the ring gear of the differential gear device are arranged in a single row parallel to the longitudinal direction of vehicle, so that the vehicle drive unit has a relatively small axial dimension in the transverse or width direction B of the vehicle.

Abstract: On a first substrate, a TFT which is a switching element is provided for each pixel, and above an insulating film covering this TFT, a reflective layer which is insulated from the TFT and which reflects light entering a second substrate and transmitting through a second electrode made of ITO is formed. Further, a first electrode having a work function similar to that of the second electrode and made of a transparent conductive material such as ITO is formed closer to a liquid crystal layer than the reflective layer, and this first electrode is connected with the TFT. With this configuration, the liquid crystal layer can be symmetrically AC driven by the first and second electrodes. A reliable connection between the first electrode and the TFT is provided through a connection metal layer made of a refractory metal.

Abstract: The present invention provides a nematic liquid crystal composition using a 4,6-difluoroindane-based compound that has a low lower limit temperature (T?N) of the liquid crystal phase, high upper limit temperature (TN-I) of the liquid crystal phase, and wide liquid crystal phase temperature range without impairing response speed, threshold voltage and other liquid crystal characteristics within a the range of the optimal ?n as a nematic liquid crystal, and a 4,6-difluoroindane-based compound that is used in said liquid crystal composition. The nematic liquid crystal composition contains at least one type of compound having a 4,6-difluoroindan-2,5-diyl group, and the refractive index anisotropy is within the range of 0.08 to 0.15, the liquid crystal phase upper limit temperature is 70° C. or higher, the liquid crystal phase lower limit temperature is ?20° C. or lower, and the difference between the liquid crystal phase upper limit temperature and liquid crystal phase lower limit temperature is 90° C. or more.

Abstract: According to the present invention, there is provided a display, in which the degradation of a displaying quality caused by a turbulently reflected light beam at the time of exposure can be suppressed. The display according to the present invention having a reflective region and a transmissive region comprises a projecting insulating layer formed in a region corresponding to the reflective region on a substrate and a light shielding layer formed under the projecting insulating layer and formed to extend at least up to a region in which a side end of the projecting insulating layer is located.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal display having a high luminance and a high contrast and a fabrication method thereof. To achieve the above object, a liquid crystal display of the present invention includes a liquid crystal panel for displaying an image by changing transmittance of a display light and one or more structures (151), (152) for dividing a pixel (103) of the liquid crystal panel into a plurality of domains (391), in which at least part of the structure (151) is constituted by a light-transmitting portion (151B) and a light-non-transmitting portion (151A).

Abstract: A reflective layer for reflecting light incident from a second substrate side and transmitting through a second electrode made of ITO or the like is formed above a first substrate, a switching element provided for each pixel, and an insulating film covering the switching element, the reflective layer being insulated from the switching element. A first electrode having a work function similar to the second electrode and made of a transparent conductive material such as ITO is formed more proximate to a liquid crystal layer than is the reflective layer and is connected to the switching element. The thickness of the first electrode is set to 100 ? or less or in a range approximately from 750 ? to 1250 ?. Alternatively, the switching element maybe connected to the reflective electrode, the first electrode and the reflective electrode which are formed with an insulating film therebetween may be capacitively coupled, and the first electrode may be driven by the reflective electrode via the capacitor.

Abstract: An LCD apparatus having a liquid crystal layer sealed between a first substrate having a first electrode and a second substrate having a second electrode, wherein the first substrate comprises a reflective layer formed only in a subregion within a pixel region, for reflecting light. A transparent conductive material is used for the first electrode and the first electrode made of the transparent conductive material is layered to cover a transmissive region within a pixel region and over the reflective layer in a reflective region within the pixel region to directly cover the reflective layer.

Abstract: A sleeve spline structure of a synchronizer capable of lowering contact pressure in synchronization action is provided. The sleeve spline structure of a synchronizer has a first tooth portion for synchronization in acceleration, a second tooth portion for synchronization in deceleration, and a third tooth portion in a shape readily inserted between tooth portions of a gear piece.

Abstract: On a first substrate, a TFT which is a switching element is provided for each pixel, and above an insulating film covering this TFT, a reflective layer which is insulated from the TFT and which reflects light entering a second substrate and transmitting through a second electrode made of ITO is formed. Further, a first electrode having a work function similar to that of the second electrode and made of a transparent conductive material such as ITO is formed closer to a liquid crystal layer than the reflective layer, and this first electrode is connected with the TFT. With this configuration, the liquid crystal layer can be symmetrically AC driven by the first and second electrodes. A reliable connection between the first electrode and the TFT is provided through a connection metal layer made of a refractory metal.

Abstract: A reflective layer for reflecting light incident from a second substrate side and transmitting through a second electrode made of ITO or the like is formed above a first substrate, a switching element provided for each pixel, and an insulating film covering the switching element, the reflective layer being insulated from the switching element. A first electrode having a work function similar to the second electrode and made of a transparent conductive material such as ITO is formed more proximate to a liquid crystal layer than is the reflective layer and is connected to the switching element. The thickness of the first electrode is set to 100 ? or less or in a range approximately from 750 ? to 1250 ?. Alternatively, the switching element maybe connected to the reflective electrode, the first electrode and the reflective electrode which are formed with an insulating film therebetween may be capacitively coupled, and the first electrode may be driven by the reflective electrode via the capacitor.