Abstract: A main cooling circuit is formed by an engine, a radiator and a first pump. A hot water circuit is formed by the engine, a heater core and the first pump. A heat storing water circuit is connected between a bifurcating point of the hot water circuit and the engine, wherein a second pump and a heat storage tank are provided in the heat storing water circuit. Engine cooling water stored in the heat storage tank is circulated by the second pump, so that the hot water is supplied to the engine before the engine operation is started. The engine cooling water is also circulated by the second pump during the engine operation, so that hot water is stored in the heat storage tank.

Abstract: A transmission includes: a casing of the transmission; a shaft rotatably supported by the casing and having an oil passage; plural gears mounted on the shaft. The lubricant is partly lifted and stirred in response to a shift operation implemented by selectively engaging and rotating the gears. The transmission further includes a lubricating mechanism placed at a position higher than the shaft and having an upper end opening in an upward direction so as to collect and store the lifted lubricant. The lubricating mechanism is provided with an oil supply port through which the lubricant is guided to the oil passage of the shaft.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display panel structured such that a liquid crystal layer is held between paired electrode substrates, comprises a support base member of a nearly rectangular shape provided in at least one of the paired electrode substrates, a counter electrode supported by the support base member, and an alignment film which is located within a surface of the counter electrode in contact with the liquid crystal layer. The rubbing direction of the alignment film is parallel to one side of the support base member and the counter electrode has a nonlinear edge extending in the rubbing direction of the alignment film.

Abstract: A novel compound represented by the general formula (I), and a nematic liquid crystal composition incorporating the same. A compound represented by the general formula (I) can be produced industrially extremely easily, as shown in the examples, displays superior compatibility with current general purpose host liquid crystals as a nematic phase, and also shows little crystal precipitation at low temperatures. Moreover, by addition of a small amount of such a compound to a host liquid crystal, the liquid crystal temperature range at low temperatures can be effectively widened without any significant worsening of the various characteristics of the liquid crystal material. Consequently, a compound of the present invention is an extremely useful liquid crystal material which is suitable for various liquid crystal display elements which require a broad operating temperature range.

Abstract: The present invention provides a nematic liquid crystal composition using a 4,6-difluoroindane-based compound that has a low lower limit temperature (T?N) of the liquid crystal phase, high upper limit temperature (TN-I) of the liquid crystal phase, and wide liquid crystal phase temperature range without impairing response speed, threshold voltage and other liquid crystal characteristics within a the range of the optimal ?n as a nematic liquid crystal, and a 4,6-difluoroindane-based compound that is used in said liquid crystal composition. The nematic liquid crystal composition contains at least one type of compound having a 4,6-difluoroindan-2,5-diyl group, and the refractive index anisotropy is within the range of 0.08 to 0.15, the liquid crystal phase upper limit temperature is 70° C. or higher, the liquid crystal phase lower limit temperature is ?20° C. or lower, and the difference between the liquid crystal phase upper limit temperature and liquid crystal phase lower limit temperature is 90° C. or more.

Abstract: A charging device has a discharging electrode, a stabilizer plate having a rectangular section and accommodating the discharging electrode, and a grid arranged in a opening of the stabilizer plate, and at least one member of the discharging electrode, the stabilizer plate and the grid is made of an electrically conductive material containing 30% or more of nickel by weight or is plated with nickel or platinum at a rate from 30% to 80% by weight with respect to whole weight of the plated member. An image forming apparatus employs the charging device.

Abstract: A vehicle drive unit including (a) a transversely-mounted engine, (b) a transmission receiving an output of the engine and having an output shaft, and (c) a differential gear device including a ring gear and arranged to transmit an output of the transmission to a pair of right and left drive wheels while permitting a differential action, and wherein the differential gear device is located on one side of the engine which is on the side of the right and left drive wheels, and rotary power transmitting elements between an output gear fixedly mounted on the output shaft of the transmission and the ring gear of the differential gear device are arranged in a single row parallel to the longitudinal direction of vehicle, so that the vehicle drive unit has a relatively small axial dimension in the transverse or width direction B of the vehicle.

Abstract: An OCB mode liquid crystal display panel comprises a pair of electrode substrates, a liquid crystal layer which is held between the pair of electrode substrates and has liquid crystal molecules whose alignment state is controlled within a display area by a drive voltage applied from the electrode substrates, and a pair of alignment films which are disposed on the electrode substrates in contact with the liquid crystal layer and whose rubbing directions are set parallel to each other. The concentration of the impurity ions contained in that part of the liquid crystal layer which is located inside the display area is lower than the concentration of the impurity ions contained in that part of the liquid crystal layer which is located outside the display area.

Abstract: An OCB mode liquid crystal display panel comprises a pair of electrode substrates, a liquid crystal layer which is held between the pair of electrode substrates and has liquid crystal molecules whose alignment state is controlled within a display area by a drive voltage applied from the electrode substrates, and a pair of alignment films which are disposed on the electrode substrates in contact with the liquid crystal layer and whose rubbing directions are set parallel to each other. The rubbing directions of the pair of alignment films are oriented toward a side of a main diffusion source of impurity ions.

Abstract: An OCB mode liquid crystal display panel comprises a pair of electrode substrates, a liquid crystal layer which is held between the pair of electrode substrates and has liquid crystal molecules whose alignment state is controlled within a display area by a drive voltage applied from the electrode substrates, and a pair of alignment films which are disposed on the electrode substrates in contact with the liquid crystal layer and whose rubbing directions are set parallel to each other. The display area includes a plurality of pixels arrayed in a matrix, and the rubbing directions of the alignment films are substantially opposite to a scanning direction in which rows of the pixels are sequentially selected for application of the drive voltage in a display operation.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a decahydronaphthalene derivative represented by general formula (I): a liquid crystal composition in which it is contained, and a liquid crystal device in which it is used. The novel decahydronaphthalene derivative of the present invention can be produced industrially extremely easily as shown in the examples, and by adding a small amount to a base liquid crystal, it is possible to have effects that expand the nematic phase temperature range, thereby improving its various characteristics as a nematic liquid crystal. Moreover, the novel decahydronaphthalene derivative of the present invention also has superior co-solubility with base liquid crystals generally used at present. Thus, it is suitable for various types of liquid crystal devices requiring a wide operating temperature range, and is extremely useful as a liquid crystal material.

Abstract: A connector (10) has a casing-side holding portion (11) that fits in an opening (H) in a casing (C), and device-side holding portions (12) for receiving connectors (KC) of a device (K) in the casing (C). Terminal holding portions (30) are fixed to branches (22) of busbars (20), and covers (40) are held onto the terminal holding portions (30). An outer covering element (60) has a coupled portion (61) and a separated portion (62). The coupled portion (61) is coupled to the covers (40) and includes the casing-side holding portion (11). The separated portion (62) is separated from the covers (40) and includes the device-side holding portions (12). Displacement permitting spaces (51) are defined between the branches (22) and the covers (40) to permit displacements of the branches (22).

Abstract: A charging device has a discharging electrode, a stabilizer plate having a rectangular section and accommodating the discharging electrode, and a grid arranged in a opening of the stabilizer plate, and at least one member of the discharging electrode, the stabilizer plate and the grid is made of an electrically conductive material containing 30% or more of nickel by weight or is plated with nickel or platinum at a rate from 30% to 80% by weight with respect to whole weight of the plated member. An image forming apparatus employs the charging device.

Abstract: There is provide a display which can prevent lowering of display quality caused by fluctuation of thickness of an orientation film. The display includes a display region having a reflective region and a transmissive region and comprises a first region having a convex insulating film formed in a region corresponding to the reflective region on a substrate, and an orientation film formed so as to cover the convex insulating film. A second region in which the convex insulating film is not formed is continuously formed among adjacent pixels.

Abstract: A connector (10) has a casing-side holding portion (11) that fits in an opening (H) in a casing (C), and device-side holding portions (12) for receiving connectors (KC) of a device (K) in the casing (C). Terminal holding portions (30) are fixed to branches (22) of busbars (20), and covers (40) are held onto the terminal holding portions (30). An outer covering element (60) has a coupled portion (61) and a separated portion (62). The coupled portion (61) is coupled to the covers (40) and includes the casing-side holding portion (11). The separated portion (62) is separated from the covers (40) and includes the device-side holding portions (12). Displacement permitting spaces (51) are defined between the branches (22) and the covers (40) to permit displacements of the branches (22).

Abstract: According to the present invention, there is provided a display, in which the degradation of a displaying quality caused by a turbulently reflected light beam at the time of exposure can be suppressed. The display according to the present invention having a reflective region and a transmissive region comprises a projecting insulating layer formed in a region corresponding to the reflective region on a substrate and a light shielding layer formed under the projecting insulating layer and formed to extend at least up to a region in which a side end of the projecting insulating layer is located.

Abstract: Terminal fittings (10A, 10B) are inserted into cavities (21) through terminal insertion holes (22) formed at the front sides of the cavities (21) and a front holder (40) is mounted onto the front surface of a housing (20) to prevent the terminal fittings (10A, 10B) from coming out. Coupling portions (13) of the terminal fittings (10A, 10B) are positioned by shake preventing holes (23) at the rear sides of the cavities (21). Thus, the terminal fittings (10A, 10B) are prevented from shaking. Accordingly, board connecting portions (12) of the terminal fittings (10A, 10B) are aligned with precision and the connector is assembled smoothly.

Abstract: A connector apparatus includes a relay connector (30) with an outer connector section (33) adapted to engage a mating connector and an inner connector section (34) adapted to engage a PCB connector (20). A printed board (10) with a PCB connector (20) is inserted into a casing (11) so that the PCB connector (20) is inside an attachment hole (18) in the casing (11). The inner connector section (34) of the relay connector (30) passes through the attachment hole (18), enters the casing (11), and engages a hood (22) of the PCB connector (20). The outer connector section (33) extends outwardly from the sidewall (11A).

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal display having a high luminance and a high contrast and a fabrication method thereof. To achieve the above object, a liquid crystal display of the present invention includes a liquid crystal panel for displaying an image by changing transmittance of a display light and one or more structures (151), (152) for dividing a pixel (103) of the liquid crystal panel into a plurality of domains (391), in which at least part of the structure (151) is constituted by a light-transmitting portion (151B) and a light-non-transmitting portion (151A).

Abstract: A reflection type liquid crystal display comprises first and second substrates disposed facing each other and holding a liquid crystal exhibiting a negative dielectric constant anisotropy between them, the first substrate (10) has on the side of its surface facing the second substrate a TFT as a switching element, a reflective display electrode (50) formed of a conductive reflective material and connected to the TFT and a vertical alignment film for vertically aligning the liquid crystal molecules. The second substrate (30) has on the side facing the first substrate a counter electrode (33) including an alignment control window (36) for controlling the alignment of the liquid crystal molecules and an alignment film. The second substrate (30) has on the viewing side of the display, the side of its surface not facing the first substrate, a phase plate (44) and a polarizer (45) forms. A light diffusing layer is formed on the side of the second substrate facing or not facing the first substrate.