Abstract: A method for improving residual stress in a circumferential weld zone of a piping and the like which includes preventing deformation of the weld zone, and causing a local expansion or contraction of a portion of the piping axially spaced from the weld zone thereby effecting a plastic working so as to increase or decrease the diameter of piping. The method can effectively be applied to apparatus and pipe system which are used in a corrosive environment and under action of a static or dynamic outer load.

Abstract: A method system for assessing the safety of a rotor of a shrinkage fitted type wherein an opening displacement of a crack is determined an elastic-plastic fracture method and a reduction in shrinkage fitting force is calculated based on the crack opening displacement. The safety of the rotor is assessed based on the reduction in shrinkage fitting force caused to occur by the opening of the crack.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a microbially pure culture of Brevibacterium acetylicum AT-6-7, ATCC 39311 or a mutant thereof which has nucleoside phosphorylase activity.

Abstract: The invention scans potential measurement terminals on the surface of a structural member to measure a potential distribution on the surface, detects the direction of a crack from the potential distribution and determining a detailed potential distribution in the direction of the crack thus detected. This potential distribution is compared with master curves of the potential distributions of cracks of various shapes, that have been obtained by analysis in advance, in order to detect the shape of the crack. The present invention can detect accurately a crack shape.

Abstract: A method of subjecting a welded structure to heat treatment in which a tensile yield is produced on an inner surface of the welded structure and a compressive yield is produced on an outer surface of the welded structure by the steps of placing a cooling medium in the interior of the welded structure and heating the outer surface of the welded structure to cause a difference in temperature to exist between the inner surface and other surface of the welded structure. The method further includes the step of locally heating a weld by means of a heating member to improve residual stress in a localized area of the weld and repeating the improvement of the residual stress regarding another localized area of the weld.

Abstract: A piston defines in a cylinder housing a pressure chamber connected to a brake pipe and a fluid supply chamber connected to an oil reservoir. The piston has a recess facing the pressure chamber at one end thereof. A valve member is provided in the recess for making or breaking fluid communication between the pressure chamber and the oil reservoir through the supply chamber. A compression spring is disposed in the recess for urging the valve member into its closed position. A spring retainer is fitted about the end of the piston for holding the spring in the recess. A supporting member is provided in the housing on the opposite side of the pressure chamber from the piston. The valve member is supported by a connecting rod extending axially movably through the spring retainer and the supporting member. A compression spring is connected between the spring retainer and the supporting member for urging the connecting rod in the direction which causes the valve member to open.

Abstract: Nucleoside 5'-alkyl- or alkenyl phosphate compounds represented by the following formula [I] ##STR1## wherein B is a purine base having a substituent or a 5-substituted uracil base, and R.sup.1 is an alkyl or alkenyl group having 14 to 26 carbon atoms, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof are novel derivatives of arabinonucleosides which can have properties suitable for clinical application as antiviral agents, particularly for treating viral hepatitis.

Abstract: Glycosylation or transglycosylation of a specified guanine derivative, namely 9-substituted or non-substituted guanine of formula [I] with a 3-deoxyribose donor such as 3'-deoxyadenosine in the presence of a nucleoside phosphorylase source such as of microorganism origin is disclosed.

Abstract: 1-.beta.-D-arabinofuranosyl-(E)-5-(2-halogenovinyl)uracil-5'-phosphates of the formula (I): ##STR1## and wherein X is halogen, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, are produced by phosphorylation of the non-phosphorylated precursors of the compounds (I), and are useful as anti-viral agents.

Abstract: The X-ray diffraction apparatus of the invention includes means capable of detecting the position and intensity distribution of the diffracted X-ray with respect to a thin bundle X-ray and means for moving the former means to a position at which the former means is capable of detecting the diffracted X-ray, and makes it possible to reliably and easily carry out rough detection of the position of the diffracted X-ray and fine detection of the intensity distribution of the diffracted X-ray without increasing the size of the diffracted X-ray detecting means.

Abstract: A method of determining fatigue life of metals that are subject to the cyclic load. A metal that exhibits a half-value width that varies depending upon the degree of deformation by fatigue is melt-adhered onto a recessed portion formed in a metal of which the life is to be determined. The two metals are subjected to the cyclic load simultaneously. Then, the melt-adhered metal is irradiated with an X-ray, and a half-value width of an S-N curve of the resulting diffracted X-ray is measured, thereby to determine the fatigue life of the metal of which the life is to be estimated. The method is effective for accurately determining the life even for the metals which exhibit half-value widths that change very little depending upon the degree of deformation by fatigue.

Abstract: A novel compound, (E)-5-(2-halogenovinyl)-arabinofuranosyluracil; a process for producing the same comprising reacting 5-vinylarabinofuranosyluracil with a halogen; and use of the same as an anti-DNA virus agent, especially anti-herpes virus agent and anti-varicella-zoster virus agent.

Abstract: A welding method of a turbine diaphragm for joining a spacer having a plurality of nozzle blades to outer and inner wheels. The spacer and the outer or inner wheel are welded from both sides. At first or inlet side of the diaphragm where a motive fluid flows into the diaphragm, the spacer and the outer and inner wheel are welded so that weld depth from the first side will be at most 0.5 L, wherein L is a distance between the first side and the top of the nozzle blade. At the second or outlet side of the diaphragm, from which the motive fluid exits, the spacer and the outer and inner wheels are weld so that a welded depth from the second side will be at least 0.3 C, wherein C is height of the nozzle blades.