Abstract: A flattened bottle comprising a neck, a shoulder, a body and a bottom;

Abstract: It is an object of the invention to provide a liquid crystal display apparatus produced by combining a negative dielectric constant anisotropy and a perpendicular orientation film, the apparatus capable of preventing lowering of contrast because of a phase difference due to a tilt of liquid crystal molecules at the time of non-select voltage application and ensuring both high luminance and high contrast. The liquid crystal display apparatus produced by combining the negative dielectric constant anisotropy and the perpendicular orientation film is used in the normally black mode, and a phase difference plate for compensating the phase difference caused by the tilt of the liquid crystal molecules at the time of non-select voltage application is provided so as to be adjacent to a liquid crystal cell, with the result that light-transmittance at the time of non-select voltage application can be kept in a low value and contrast can be largely improved.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus suppressed of orientation defect includes a first substrate having a main surface, a liquid crystal drive element formed on the main surface of the first substrate, an oriented film formed on the main surface of the first substrate, a patterned metal film on the oriented film, photosensitive resin formed on the metal film, a second substrate arranged facing the first substrate with the metal film and the photosensitive resin as a spacer, and a liquid crystal compound filled between the first and second substrates. Also, a method of fabricating this liquid crystal display apparatus is claimed.

Abstract: A liquid jet pump constructed to suck a liquid within a container on which the pump is mounted and jet the liquid out of a nozzle by pushing down the head of the pump. The nozzle is so formed so as to ascend forward obliquely, and is provided with a discharge valve housing a ball-like valve for closing a valve seat provided at an proximal edge within the nozzle. The valve member is movable both back and forth within the nozzle to keep the liquid from dripping of the nozzle.

Abstract: On the first substrate that serves as an active-element-side substrate, pixel electrodes are formed with a flattening film interpolated in between. On the second substrate that serves as an opposing-side substrate, light-shielding films are formed into an island pattern which allows the light-shielding films to shield the respective active elements on the first-substrate side from light, and gap-controlling sections are formed into the same island pattern as the light-shielding films by exposing positive-working photosensitive resin layer that has been applied onto the entire surface of the second substrate from the back-surface side of the second substrate by using the light-shielding films as a photomask. The flattening film makes it possible to suppress the occurrence of disclination in the liquid crystal molecules. Therefore, the light-shielding films can be formed as the island pattern that only shield the active elements from light, and consequently it is possible to improve the aperture rate.

Abstract: The liquid crystal device of this invention includes a liquid crystal layer between a pair of substrates, wherein column-shaped spacers are disposed for controlling a gap between the pair of substrates, and each of the column-shaped spacers has a portion for substantially controlling the gap between the pair of substrates and a portion for reflecting or absorbing visible light, and the portion for reflecting or absorbing visible light is located at an interface between the spacer and at least one of the pair of substrates.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device is provided which comprises a pair of substrates; a plurality of non-linear elements and associated bus lines for supplying electrical signals to the plurality of non-linear elements, the non-linear elements and the bus lines being formed on at least one of the substrates; a liquid crystal interposed between the pair of substrates; a first insulating film formed on the plurality of non-linear elements and the bus lines; and a storage capacitor electrode, a second insulating film and a pixel electrode formed on the first insulating film, the second insulating film has a higher dielectric constant than that of the first insulating film.

Abstract: A semiconductor device in accordance with the present invention, for example, is a thin film transistor provided on a transparent substrate. The semiconductor device made of a polysilicon film is provided with (1) a semiconductor layer having a source region and a drain region and (2) a gate electrode provided on a region between the source region and the drain region of the semiconductor layer via a gate insulating film. The semiconductor device is further provided with an organic insulating film made of a condensation polymer having an imide ring such that the organic insulating film covers the gate electrode, the source region, and the drain region.

Abstract: A liquid jetting pump sucks a container liquid into a cylinder (3) through a suction valve (9) by moving a vertically movable member (4) up an down. The liquid is jetted out of a nozzle (29) through a discharge valve (31) of stem (28). A plurality of ribs (10) are provided at a lower edge part of the cylinder. Engagement recessed portions (11) are formed on upper surfaces of the ribs. A lower edge of a coil spring (38) biases the vertically movable member (4) upward. The coil spring is secured to each of the engagement recessed portions (11). Passageways (50) permit a flow of liquid on both sides of the lower edge of the spring.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device is provided which has a large aperture ratio and which can prevent any leak occurrence and/or short circuiting between a pixel electrode and the opposite electrode. An organic interlayer dielectric film having a low dielectric constant is formed on a glass substrate and on a thin film transistor, also on a bus line for supplying an electric signal to the thin film transistor. Pixel electrodes operative to apply an electric field to the liquid crystal through the thin film transistor are formed on the organic interlayer dielectric film.

Abstract: The liquid crystal display device of this invention includes: a pair of substrates facing each other and a display medium sandwiched between the pair of substrates. In this liquid crystal display device, at least one of the pair of substrates is a flexible film having polarizer properties and the display medium includes a liquid crystal phase and a polymer phase.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device of the present invention, includes: a liquid crystal layer, an electrode applying a voltage to the liquid crystal layer, a pair of alignment layers in contact with the liquid crystal layer and a pair of substrates sandwiching the liquid crystal layer, each of the pair of substrates including the electrode and the alignment layer. The liquid crystal layer having a liquid crystal material with negative dielectric anisotropy and at least first and second regions, the pair of alignment layers aligns liquid crystal molecules substantially vertical to planes of the pair of substrates when no voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer, and the liquid crystal molecules at least in each of first and second regions tilt in different directions when a voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer.

Abstract: A method for driving an active matrix substrate including a plurality of scanning electrode lines, a plurality of data electrode lines, and a plurality of pixel electrodes respectively connected to the scanning electrode lines and the data electrode lines via a ferroelectric material. According to the method, a data writing pulse having a first polarity is applied to a scanning electrode line selected from the plurality of scanning electrode lines in a selection period. A data writing prohibiting pulse having a level of 0 is applied to the selected scanning electrode line in a first period included in a non-selection period following the selection period. In the first period, a data writing pulse having the first polarity is applied to a scanning electrode line different from the selected scanning electrode line. A data writing prohibiting pulse having the first polarity is applied to the selected scanning electrode line in a second period included in the non-selection period.

Abstract: A liquid crystal electro-optical device comprising: a pair of insulating substrates; an electrode and an alignment film formed in this order on each of the insulating substrates; a liquid crystal layer interposed between the pair of insulating substrates, wherein the alignment film is a film capable of aligning the liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer perpendicularly with respect to the insulating substrates, and wherein the thickness of the liquid crystal layer is 45 to 70% of the twist pitch of the liquid crystal molecules.

Abstract: According to the present invention, a liquid crystal electro-optic device is provided. The liquid crystal electro-optic device includes a pair of insulating substrates disposed to face each other; a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the insulating substrates; and a pair of alignment films respectively formed on the insulating substrates to be in contact with the liquid crystal layer. The orientations of liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer, which are in contact with the pair of alignment films, are aligned in a direction substantially perpendicular to the pair of insulating substrates, and the liquid crystal layer has a twist pitch of approximately quadruple the thickness of the liquid crystal layer.