Abstract: An improved irradiation device for polarized light for optical alignment of a liquid crystal cell element includes a lamp, a focusing mirror for focusing of the light of the lamp, an integrator lens, and a polarization element in which the polarization element is made such that several glass plates, which are located parallel to one another at a distance, are tilted by the Brewster angle with reference to the optical axis. The rotary motion of the above described polarization element around the center of the light beam incident in the polarization element (light beam being the axis of rotation), changes the polarization direction of the polarized light with which the alignment layer of the liquid crystal cell element is irradiated. The polarization element may be located in the vicinity of the integrator lens.

Abstract: A heating device of the light irradiation type in which uniform illuminance can be obtained without placing a single end lamp in the middle of the light source part is achieved providing a light source part in which circular lamps are arranged concentrically to one another with a mirror in the center of the circular lamps. The mirror is convex toward the workpiece and reflects the light emitted from the innermost circular lamp located closest to the center area so that, without placing a single end lamp in the middle area, the reduction of illuminance in the middle area of the irradiated surface is reduced. Furthermore, the reflector can be made conical, and in this way, the light from the lamps can be emitted with high efficiency onto the workpiece surface.

Abstract: In the operation button structure, pressing switch contact portions are satisfactorily pressed by a tilting button operating member even if the button operating member and the switch contact portions are long distance apart from each other or positions of the switch contact portions vary. When an operator's finger presses a right end of a button operating member, a pressing portion on a right side moves in a direction perpendicular to an upper surface of a substrate, whereby a switch contact portion on the right side is pressed. On the other hand, when the finger is lifted from the button operating member, the pressing portion retracts from the switch contact portion by a connecting portion formed in a shape having elasticity.

Abstract: A proximity exposure method in which a mask pattern can be projected onto a predetermined area of a workpiece even if the light is allowed to be incident obliquely on the mask is achieved in a proximity exposure device in which a mask and a workpiece are arranged with a predetermined gap between them and the workpiece is irradiated obliquely with light via the mask, based on the gap size G between the mask and the workpiece, on the angle of incidence &dgr; of the irradiation light with respect to the mask and based on the angle of irradiation &PHgr; with which the irradiation light is incident with respect to the X-direction of the mask pattern, the displacement position of the mask pattern to be projected is computed, and according to the result of this computation, the workpiece is moved and the light is emitted. In this way, the mask pattern can be projected onto the predetermined position of the workpiece and the desired area can be irradiated with light.

Abstract: An information recording apparatus for recording record information onto a record medium, on which (i) a plurality of information groups each comprising one series of the record information and (ii) management information including positional information indicating a recorded area of each of the information groups are recordable, is provided with: a detecting device for detecting the management information, which is recorded in advance on the record medium, from the record medium; a recording device for newly recording the record information onto the record medium; an outputting device for outputting an identification information to identify the information groups, which are recorded in advance on the record medium, on the basis of the detected management information while the recording device is newly recording the record information; a specifying device for specifying an erasable information from among the information groups which are identified by the outputted identification information while the recordin

Abstract: An information recording apparatus for recording record information onto a record medium, on which (i) a plurality of information groups each comprising one series of the record information and (ii) management information including positional information indicating a recorded area of each of the information groups are recordable, is provided with: a detecting device for detecting the management information, which is recorded in advance on the record medium, from the record medium; a recording device for newly recording the record information onto the record medium; an outputting device for outputting an identification information to identify the information groups, which are recorded in advance on the record medium, on the basis of the detected management information while the recording device is newly recording the record information; a specifying device for specifying an erasable information from among the information groups which are identified by the outputted identification information while the recordin

Abstract: In the paperless accounting system of the present invention, even if a person is not accustomed to accounting, a slip can be easily formed by simply inputting data of necessary items displayed on menu screens having different menus in accordance with different types of slips. Input errors of input slip data are automatically checked. Even if erroneous data are input, they can be corrected on the spot. The finished electronic slip files are assigned with slip numbers, respectively.

Abstract: In an error counting apparatus and method, there are provided a reproducing section for reproducing the optical disc and a counter for counting the error number of the pre-pit signal based on an output of the reproducing section. When it is detected that the reproducing section come up to the reproduction of the emboss portion, a counting operation of the counter is started in response to this detection. When it is detected that the reproducing section has reproduced the optical disc in the predetermined interval after the counting operation is started, the counting operation of the counter is stopped in response to this detection.

Abstract: An optically recorded information recording and/or reading apparatus which eliminates the influence of stray light occurring within an optical system. In a state or a focus state which is forcedly set to position a reading point outside the outermost periphery of a disk surface, and the signal level is adjusted in a signal combiner circuit such that a light receiving level at that time matches a desired level.

Abstract: There is provided a lamp unit for light radiating type heating device which allows efficient cooling of the lamps, and the temperature increase of a semiconductor wafer irradiated with the lamp unit is faster than in the prior art without the need of a complicated and large cooling structure.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing an optical fiber comprises setting a heating condition for heating a glass rod, which is a parent material of the optical fiber, and an elongating speed of the glass rod based on a prescribed numerical value which changes with a progress of elongation of the glass rod; heating and elongating the glass rod to generate a preform based on the heating condition and the elongating speed which are set by the setting; and drawing the preform to a filament-like form by further heating the preform to generate the optical fiber.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing an optical fiber comprises setting a heating condition for heating a glass rod, which is a parent material of the optical fiber, and an elongating speed of the glass rod based on a prescribed numerical value which changes with a progress of elongation of the glass rod; heating and elongating the glass rod to generate a preform based on the heating condition and the elongating speed which are set by the setting; and drawing the preform to a filament-like form by further heating the preform to generate the optical fiber.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing an optical fiber comprises setting a heating condition for heating a glass rod, which is a parent material of the optical fiber, and an elongating speed of the glass rod based on a prescribed numerical value which changes with a progress of elongation of the glass rod; heating and elongating the glass rod to generate a preform based on the heating condition and the elongating speed which are set by the setting; and drawing the preform to a filament-like form by further heating the preform to generate the optical fiber.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing an optical fiber comprises setting a heating condition for heating a glass rod, which is a parent material of the optical fiber, and an elongating speed of the glass rod based on a prescribed numerical value which changes with a progress of elongation of the glass rod; heating and elongating the glass rod to generate a preform based on the heating condition and the elongating speed which are set by the setting; and drawing the preform to a filament-like form by further heating the preform to generate the optical fiber.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing an optical fiber comprises setting a heating condition for heating a glass rod, which is a parent material of the optical fiber, and an elongating speed of the glass rod based on a prescribed numerical value which changes with a progress of elongation of the glass rod; heating and elongating the glass rod to generate a preform based on the heating condition and the elongating speed which are set by the setting; and drawing the preform to a filament-like form by further heating the preform to generate the optical fiber.

Abstract: An AR measuring apparatus receives the reflection light of an optical beam irradiated on an optical recording medium having a recording surface on which pre-pits are repeatedly formed between tracks by means of a first light receiving surface and a second light receiving surface, obtains a push-pull signal based on the difference between light receiving signals from the first and second light receiving surfaces, collects sample data by sampling the push-pull signals for a predetermined period of time, repeats the sampling for the predetermined period of time by a plurality of times, determines whether or not each data value corresponding to a pre-pit position of the sample data by the plurality of times is obtained by a predetermined number of times or greater, and when data values obtained by the predetermined number of times or greater are determined, calculates as an aperture ratio, a ratio between the minimum value and the maximum value of values corresponding to a pre-pit component of the data values obt

Abstract: A pre-pit detecting apparatus which, when a light beam is radiated onto an optical recording medium having a recording surface with pre-pits repeatedly formed between tracks, receives light reflected by the recording surface with first and second light receiving faces, obtains the push-pull signal corresponding to the light receiving signals for the first and second light receiving faces, samples the push-pull signal to collect sample data for a predetermined period, and sets a threshold value between the maximum value of data corresponding to a track and the minimum value of data corresponding to a pre-pit, of the collected sample data.

Abstract: A plurality of light receiving detectors receive a plurality of segments of a beam returning from an optical disc when a reading beam of light is radiated to the optical disc. An optical pickup assembly produces a plurality of signals from the beam segments in accordance with, for instance, optical intensities of the beam segments. A level adjusting circuit adjusts signal levels of these signals such that each of the signal levels of the signals becomes equal to a reference level. The reference level is determined from at least one of the signal levels of the received beam segments.

Abstract: A pre-pit detecting apparatus which, when a light beam is radiated onto an optical recording medium having a recording surface with pre-pits repeatedly formed between tracks, receives light reflected by the recording surface with first and second light receiving faces, obtains the push-pull signal corresponding to the light receiving signals for the first and second light receiving faces, and binarizes the push-pull signal by using a threshold value to generate a pre-pit detection signal. It is judged which area of a plurality of areas including at least a not-yet-recorded area corresponds to a position of the recording surface where the light beam is radiated is performed to judge. Then the threshold value is set in accordance with the judgement result.

Abstract: In a disk brake mounting apparatus wherein a knuckle 1 is provided with two disk brake mounting portions 2 and 3, and a disk brake 7 is fastened to the knuckle 1 with mounting bolts 5 and 6 passed through bolt-receiving holes provided in the mounting portions 2 and 3, respectively, the knuckle 1 is provided with a reinforcing connecting portion 15 formed by extending a body portion 10 of the knuckle 1. The reinforcing connecting portion 15 has its edge E1 extended radially outward in the radial direction of a rotor R with respect to a line L connecting the bolt-receiving holes of the two mounting portions 2 and 3. Thus, the torsional rigidity of the two mounting portions 2 and 3 is increased by the reinforcing connecting portion 15 to suppress vibrations in the opposite-phase mode in the rotor axial direction, thereby reducing low-frequency brake noise.