Abstract: Wear warning elements are respectively provided in back plates of a pair of friction pads at the front side thereof with respect to a rotational direction of a disc rotor. A pad spring is disposed between the friction pads and a carrier. The pad spring includes a pair of spring portions. The spring portions are resiliently pressed against the wear warning elements to bias the friction pads away from the disc rotor, respectively. During a braking state, the friction pads are pressed against the disc rotor against the biasing force of the spring portions. When disengaging the friction pads from the disc rotor, the friction pads are moved by the biasing force of the spring portions of the pad spring, thereby enabling the friction pads to be reliably moved away from the disc rotor and preventing drag between the friction pads and the disc rotor.

Abstract: The object of the invention is to provide an ashing method and an asher in order to avoid damage to semiconductor components occurring during ashing of a photoresist resin film by active oxygen plasma and to avoid a long treatment time occurring in an ashing method using a low pressure mercury discharge lamp. According to the invention, this object is achieved by a method and an apparatus for ashing a photoresist resin film. In the method, a wafer provided with a photoresist resin film is placed in an ozone-containing atmosphere. An activated oxygen is produced through the radiation light of a discharge lamp, which emits a continuous spectrum in a wavelength range of 200 to 300 nm. The photoresist resin film is ashed by the activated oxygen.

Abstract: A first a confocal optical microscope in which a good image with high contrast can be observed with which a bright image can be observed over a long time interval. The confocal optical microscope has a quarter wave plate arranged in an optical path between an imaging lens and an objective such that it is inclined relative to a reference optics axis extending between the imaging lens and the objective. Furthermore, the confocal optical microscope has a shortwave radiation attenuator for attenuating light radiated from the light source with wavelengths of less than or equal to 340 nm. The confocal optical microscope can form part of a length measuring device which can take a length measurement of a sample to be measured with high measurement accuracy and high reproducibility. The length measuring device also has a movable carrier, a carrier device for a sample to be measured, a computing device, a display device and a control device.

Abstract: A disc brake having a plurality of pistons with the same outer diameter fitted in a cylinder portion of a caliper on at least one side of a disc so that the pistons cause a pad to press against the disc. At least one of the pistons has a relatively large wall thickness so that it is different from the other pistons in pad pressing area, and its natural frequency falls outside the range of from 20 Hz to 20 kHz, thereby suppressing the generation of brake noise.

Abstract: There is provided a photomultiplier in which a transmittance of an incident light and a photosensitivity is high and a hysteresis characteristic is excellent. Therefore, in the present invention, a photocathode 16, dynodes 17a to 17c and an anode 18 are supported between insulating material substrates 12a and 12b provided in a glass bulb 11. A transparent conductive film 19 is formed on an inside wall surface of a light entrance portion 15. The transparent conductive film 19 electrically contacts with a pad 20 which is led through a terminal 14 to the outside. The same potential as the photocathode 12 is applied through the pad 20 to the transparent conductive film 19. The incident light directly impinges on the photocathode 16 through the glass bulb 11 and the transparent conductive film 19 at a place corresponding to the light entrance portion 15. As a result, the incident light reaches the photocathode 12 with not being interfered at all, and the transmittance of the incident light is improved.

Abstract: In a boat attachment structure, an inner circumferential groove is formed at an open end of a cylinder bore of a caliper. A deep bottom section and a shallow bottom section are provided on the bottom of the inner circumferential groove, and therefore a step is formed between them. A dust boot having of a cylindrical elastic body with a thickened engagement section on the peripheral surface is inserted in the cylinder bore, and the engagement section is fit in the inner circumferential groove. Since each of chips produced during machining of the groove is parted by the step, chips will not remain in the inner circumferential groove.

Abstract: One of the reference surfaces used in a process for machining a bore is formed as an integrally cast surface on the outer surface of a caliper in a location corresponding to a recess of the caliper. A flat surface which is substantially parallel with the reference surface is also integrally formed at the bottom of the recess when casting the caliper. The reference surface and the flat surface are used as contact surfaces for ultrasonic sensor probes.

Abstract: A friction pad for a disk brake is designed so that a wear sensor can be firmly secured to the friction pad. A circular cylindrical projection is formed on a backing plate of the friction pad by extrusion so that a wear sensor adapted to sound an alarm by coming in contact with a disk is fitted onto the projection and secured to the backing plate by caulking the projection. The projection is so deformed that the diameter d.sub.1 and height h.sub.1 of a resulting radially enlarged portion satisfy the relationship of (d.sub.1 -3.4).times.h.sub.1 .gtoreq.2.5, thereby preventing rotation of the wear sensor and rising of the enlarged portion.

Abstract: A method of casting a plurality of caliper forms by using a mold and a core member of a special design is presented. The core member 20 has axial sections 22A, 22B formed on its each end aligned parallel to each other, and the middle section 21 between the axial sections is provided with a depression section 24A for forming a teeth section 9 of the caliper form 17A. Between the depression section 24A and the axial section 22A, there is a depression section 24B opposing the depression section 24A for forming the other teeth section 9 of the other caliper form 17B. There are internal surface forming sections 27A, 27B for forming the internal surfaces of the disc pass sections 8, respectively, between the axial section 22A and the depression section 24A, for the caliper form 17A and between the axial section 22B and the depression section 24B for the caliper form 17B.

Abstract: A disk brake which is designed so that the sound pressure level of the alarm is stable. The disk brake includes a wear sensor composed of a mounting portion which is attached to an outer pad, and a pair of vibrating pieces extending circumferentially of a disk from the left and right ends of the mounting portion along a surface of the outer pad. Each vibrating piece includes an extended portion extending from the mounting portion, and a contact portion formed at the distal end of the extended portion in such a manner that the contact portion is bent toward the disk so as to extend around an edge of the outer pad. The contact portion has a distal end which is offset in the radially outward direction of the disk. The distal end of the contact portion is offset in the radially outward direction of the disk so that the end portion that comes in sliding contact with the disk lies within a braking surface of the disk which is in contact with the outer pad.

Abstract: A video projector with a monitor screen that can be used both as an ordinary video projector and as a monitor allowing images to be viewed even in bright surroundings. The apparatus has a case on which a monitor screen is disposed, elements disposed in the interior of the case that is, a projection lens, a liquid-crystal panel for displaying an image on the basis of a video signal and a lamp, a lens cover disposed movable relative to the case so as to open and close a surface in front of the projection lens, and an optical system including a reflecting mirror capable of, in an interlocked relationship with the movement of the lens cover, advancing into and retracting from the optical axis of the projection lens, at least the reflecting mirror guiding image light to the back surface of the monitor screen.

Abstract: The present invention permits easy and safe replacement of a lamp, improves stability of a video projector, and provides a compact and lightweight video projector.A projector driving battery is mounted in a battery mounting section formed in the bottom of a cabinet of a video projector. Therefore, the heavy battery is located in tile bottom of the cabinet. This further stabilizes the video projector. A lamp unit is mounted on a lamp mounting section formed in the back of the cabinet. When the lamp unit is mounted, a power output terminal in the cabinet is connected with a power input terminal of tile lamp unit at the same time. Thereby, when a lamp is replaced, it is unnecessary, unlike conventionally, to open and close a cover or electrically couple the lamp. Specifically, lamps can be changed merely by dismounting and mounting lamp units. Furthermore, a spare lamp unit 20 can be used as a lens cap.

Abstract: It is an object of the invention to provide a video projector which can be driven by a battery and can be reduced in both size and weight. A packing case for a video projector is composed of a cabinet, which is divided into two upper and lower parts, and a cover disposed behind the cabinet. The cover is disposed removably with respect to the cabinet. By opening the cover situated behind the projector light source, a lamp forming the projector light source can be replaced easily. Also, the cover includes on the back surface thereof a battery mounting portion for mounting a battery used to drive the projector, so that the battery can be mounted to the outer back surface of the cover.

Abstract: A method of exposing a peripheral part of the wafer is used for a fine pattern formation process in the processing of ICs, LSIs and other electronic elements, to remove, in a development step, an unnecessary portion of a photoresist coated on a semiconductor substrate, typically a silicon wafer, or a substrate consisting of a dielectric, a metal or an insulator. A peripheral part of the wafer is exposed to light led by an optical fiber light guide. The same area is exposed to light at least twice in a predetermined time interval. The illumination intensity of light in a wavelength range necessary for the first exposure is set to be lower than that for the second and following exposures. In the first exposure, the wafer may be held in a heated state.

Abstract: A method for exposing a peripheral part of a wafer according to the present invention is to expose the peripheral part, taking account of a correcting angle determined by calculating the amount of misalignment between a center of a wafer and a rotational center for the wafer from the amount of displacement of a sensor for detecting a peripheral edge. Therefore, any wafer-centering motion and mechanism are not required, and this method is higher in precision of exposing position.

Abstract: A disc brake for use in a vehicle, such as an automobile, includes a carrier, a rotating disc having inner and outer braking surfaces, inner and outer pads, and a caliper supported in a floating condition by the carrier. The caliper has a cylinder member housing a piston for forcing the inner pad against the inner braking surface of the disc, and a claw member having a disc-passing portion straddling the disc and a claw portion for abutting against the outer pad. The cylinder member defines a through-hole extending therethrough in the axial direction of the disc. The disc-passing portion has an inner surface facing the disc and a tapped hole. A bolt member of the caliper secures the cylinder and claw members together. The tapped portion of the tapped hole is formed such that the end of the tapped portion which is remote from the cylinder member is located on the side of the cylinder member with respect to the inner braking surface.

Abstract: A MIDI apparatus and a MIDI system wherein an operation ON signal for starting operation to a MIDI instrument and an operation OFF signal for stopping the operation are obtained and supplied to the MIDI instrument in response to a MIDI format signal included in a subcode signal generated during play of a record medium play apparatus. If the play state of the record medium play apparatus becomes discontinuous, such as a pause after the operation ON signal is supplied to the MIDI instrument and before the operation OFF signal corresponding to the operation ON signal is obtained, the operation OFF signal is forcedly supplied to the MIDI instrument. Thereby such the sound of the MIDI instrument is stopped when there is a discontinuous play state after the operation ON signal is supplied to the MIDI instrument and before the operation OFF signal corresponding to the operation ON signal would ordinarily be supplied.

Abstract: A mobile station receives radio waves from all signposts through the positioning channels while making communications using the voice channels. The signal levels of the radio waves thus received are subjected to comparison, so that a zone switching request is made to a signpost with the highest signal level, whereby a mobile station can make communication through that signpost which covers the zone where the mobile station is located, even while traveling. The positioning channels are so set that the frequencies assigned to the signposts are switched every frame in a time series mode, and none of the signposts transmit one and the same frequency at the same time. Therefore, the mobile station can receive radio waves from all the signposts without signal interference (which may be caused when a plurality of stations transmit signals equal in frequency). In the system of the invention, the transmission zones of adjacent signposts overlap each other.

Abstract: A mobile communication system is provided wherein a plurality of signposts enable communications among mobile stations and a switching system in a predetermined communicating area, and are connected through a transmission network connected to a fixed network according to the invention, each of the signposts has dual zone communications ability including a communicating area which overlaps the communicating areas or adjacent signposts, and a zone switching signal area which does not overlap the zone switching signal areas of adjacent signposts. The signpost and mobile stations, jointly detect on-going signal levels of the mobile station, and communication area switching operation are carried out as needed. In the mobile communication system of the invention, a transmitting and receiving equipment can be a single transceiver which switches over the frequencies to communicating channel frequencies and to zone switching controlling frequencies.

Abstract: A method of treating positive photoresist materials applied on a semiconductor wafer placed on a support, which meets the demand for high-speed treatment and improvement in heat-resistance and plasma-resistance of the developed positive photoresist image. The developed positive photoresist image is exposed to radiant lights including ultraviolet rays in an chamber filled with gas in which oxygen and/or moisture are reduced or not included.