Abstract: A light-emitting module includes a light-emitting plate including a light-irradiating surface including a plurality of striped-pattern light-emitting units, and a reflecting member including a reflecting surface to reflect light emitted from the light-irradiating surface of the light-emitting plate toward a target surface of an object. Light at a peak luminous intensity in a light distribution in a first region of the light-irradiating surface is sent to a first region of the target surface via a first region of the reflecting surface. Light at a peak luminous intensity in a light distribution in a second region of the light-irradiating surface is sent to a second region of the target surface via a second region of the reflecting surface.

Abstract: An optical transmitter transmits a modulated optical signal in which each symbol carries M bits. M is an integer larger than one. The optical transmitter includes: a signal generation circuit configured to generate M×N binary electric signals based on transmission data, bit rates of the M×N binary electric signals being equal to each other, N being an integer larger than one, when the optical transmitter multiplexes N optical signals in time-division multiplexing; a Mach-Zehnder interferometer; and M×N phase-shift elements provided along an optical path of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer and respectively configured to shift phases of light propagated in the optical path corresponding to the M×N binary electric signals. The M×N phase-shift segments are comprised of N electrode groups. Each of the N electrode groups includes M or more electrodes to which corresponding M binary electric signals among the M×N binary electric signals are given.

Abstract: An optical modulator, that includes a Mach-Zehnder interferometer and three or more segments, generates an optical signal based on three or more electric signals transmitted in parallel. The three or more segments are provided in series along an optical path of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer and respectively shift a phase of light propagating through the optical path based on the three or more electric signals. A length of at least one of the three or more segments is different from lengths of the other segments. Optical path lengths from input ends of respective segments to input ends of corresponding next segments are the sae.

Abstract: An optical transmitter includes: an optical modulator including a pair of waveguides of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer to which signal light is input, and a plurality of optical phase shifters that are provided in each of the pair of waveguides and that each modulate a phase of the signal light with a plurality of drive signals; a plurality of drivers that generate the plurality of drive signals based on a plurality of digital signals corresponding to a symbol to which data signals are mapped and output the plurality of drive signals to the plurality of optical phase shifters, respectively; and a processor that shapes a waveform of the signal light such that a bandwidth of a spectrum of the signal light modulated by the optical modulator is equal to or less than a bandwidth corresponding to a rate of the symbol.

Abstract: An optical modulator, that includes a Mach-Zehnder interferometer and three or more segments, generates an optical signal based on three or more electric signals transmitted in parallel. The three or more segments are provided in series along an optical path of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer and respectively shift a phase of light propagating through the optical path based on the three or more electric signals. A length of at least one of the three or more segments is different from lengths of the other segments. Optical path lengths from input ends of respective segments to input ends of corresponding next segments are the sae.

Abstract: A light emitting apparatus (10) includes a substrate (100), an insulating layer (160), a light emitting element (102), a coating film (140), and a structure (150). The insulating layer (160) is formed over one surface of the substrate (100), and includes an opening (162). The light emitting element (102) is formed in the opening (162). The coating film (140) is formed over the one surface of the substrate (100), and covers a portion of the light emitting element (102), the insulating layer (160), and the one surface of the substrate (100). The coating film (140) does not cover another portion of the substrate (100) (for example, a portion of an end portion: hereinafter, referred to as a first portion). The structure (150) is located between the first portion of the substrate (100) and the insulating layer (160). The coating film (140) also covers the insulating layer (160).

Abstract: A light-emitting unit (140) is formed over a first surface (102) of a substrate (100). A first terminal (112) and a second terminal (132) are formed on the first surface (102) of the substrate (100), and are electrically connected to the light-emitting unit (140). A sealing layer (200) is formed over the first surface (102) of the substrate (100), and seals the light-emitting unit (140). In addition, the sealing layer (200) does not cover the first terminal (112) and the second terminal (132). A cover layer (210) is formed over the sealing layer (200), and is formed of a material different from that of the cover layer (210). In at least a portion of a region located next to the first terminal (112) and a region located next to the second terminal (132), a portion of an end of the cover layer (210) protrudes from the sealing layer (200).

Abstract: A transmission device including a multi-division optical modulator having a plurality of modulation segments, the transmission device includes a driver circuit configured to output binary data for each bit based on an input electrical signal, and an optical modulator configured to have a multilevel modulation segment driven by a first drive signal including two or more bit signal from the driver circuit, and plural binary modulation segments driven by second drive signal including only one bit signal from the driver circuit, wherein the multilevel modulation segment incudes a first phase shifter disposed on each arm of the optical modulator, the binary modulation segment includes a plurality of second phase shifters arranged along each arm of the optical modulator, and lengths of the second phase shifters are all the same and are shorter than a length of the first phase shifter.

Abstract: An optical communication element includes a plurality of slabs, an input port group, an output port group, a first waveguide group, and a second waveguide group. The plurality of slabs includes third waveguide. Each of the plurality of slabs include a predetermined number of first ports being arranged at an inlet the third waveguide at equal intervals in a lateral direction perpendicular to a light traveling direction, and input the optical signals, and a predetermined number of second ports being arranged at an outlet of the third waveguide at the equal intervals in the lateral direction so as to face the first ports, and output the optical signals. Each of the third waveguides are configured with a dimension that allows light intensity to be distributed at all traveling positions located in the lateral direction.

Abstract: A light-emitting unit (140) is formed over a first surface (102) of a substrate (100). A first terminal (112) and a second terminal (132) are formed on the first surface (102) of the substrate (100), and are electrically connected to the light-emitting unit (140). A sealing layer (200) is formed over the first surface (102) of the substrate (100), and seals the light-emitting unit (140). In addition, the sealing layer (200) does not cover the first terminal (112) and the second terminal (132). A cover layer (210) is formed over the sealing layer (200), and is formed of a material different from that of the cover layer (210). In at least a portion of a region located next to the first terminal (112) and a region located next to the second terminal (132), a portion of an end of the cover layer (210) protrudes from the sealing layer (200).

Abstract: A transmission device including a multi-division optical modulator having a plurality of modulation segments, the transmission device includes a driver circuit configured to output binary data for each bit based on an input electrical signal, and an optical modulator configured to have a multilevel modulation segment driven by a first drive signal including two or more bit signal from the driver circuit, and plural binary modulation segments driven by second drive signal including only one bit signal from the driver circuit, wherein the multilevel modulation segment incudes a first phase shifter disposed on each arm of the optical modulator, the binary modulation segment includes a plurality of second phase shifters arranged along each arm of the optical modulator, and lengths of the second phase shifters are all the same and are shorter than a length of the first phase shifter.

Abstract: A wavelength tunable light source includes: a common wavelength filter that has periodic transmission peak wavelengths or reflection peak wavelengths and is commonly used for a plurality of channels; a wavelength tunable filter that is coupled to the common wavelength filter and has a one-input and multiple-output configuration which has a plurality of output ports, and that has a plurality of transmission peak wavelengths corresponding to the plurality of channels at the plurality of output ports; and a plurality of gain media optically coupled to the plurality of output ports of the wavelength tunable filter, wherein a plurality of laser cavities that perform laser oscillation at a plurality of different wavelengths are formed between the common wavelength filter and the plurality of gain media.

Abstract: Light (light (L1)) at peak luminous intensity in a light distribution of a first region (12a) of a light-irradiating surface (12) is sent to a first region (32a) of a target surface (32) via a first region (22a) of a reflecting surface (22). Light (light (L2)) at peak luminous intensity in a light distribution in a second region (12b) of the light-irradiating surface (12) is sent to a second region (32b) of the target surface (32) via a second region (22b) of the reflecting surface (22). An optical distance from the first region (12a) of the light-irradiating surface (12) to the first region (32a) of the target surface (32) via the first region (22a) of the reflecting surface (22) is greater than an optical distance from the second region (12b) of the light-irradiating surface (12) to the second region (32b) of the target surface (32) via the second region (22b) of the reflecting surface (22). The luminous intensity of the light (L1) is higher than the luminous intensity of the light (L2).

Abstract: An optical transmitter-receiver includes an optical integrated device in which at least an optical modulator and an optical detector are integrated as optical devices over the same substrate and an insulating layer is provided between the optical modulator and the substrate and between the optical detector and the substrate, and an electronic circuit chip that is connected to the optical integrated device and includes an electronic circuit including a ground wiring line. The optical integrated device includes a shield electrode between the optical modulator and the optical detector, and the shield electrode is provided sandwiching the insulating layer with the substrate to configure a capacitance and is connected to the ground wiring line of the electronic circuit chip.

Abstract: A substrate (100) includes a resin material. A first stacked film (210) is configured by laminating multiple layers and is formed on a first surface (102) of the substrate (100). A light-emitting unit (140) is formed over the first stacked film (210) and includes an organic layer. A second stacked film (220) is configured by laminating multiple layers and covers the light-emitting unit (140). A third stacked film (310) is configured by laminating multiple layers and is formed on a second surface (104) of the substrate (100). The third stacked film (310) is the same stacked film as the first stacked film (210), and the fourth stacked film (320) is the same stacked film as the second stacked film (220).

Abstract: A light emitting apparatus (10) includes a substrate (100), an insulating layer (160), a light emitting element (102), a coating film (140), and a structure (150). The insulating layer (160) is formed over one surface of the substrate (100), and includes an opening (162). The light emitting element (102) is formed in the opening (162). The coating film (140) is formed over the one surface of the substrate (100), and covers a portion of the light emitting element (102), the insulating layer (160), and the one surface of the substrate (100). The coating film (140) does not cover another portion of the substrate (100) (for example, a portion of an end portion: hereinafter, referred to as a first portion). The structure (150) is located between the first portion of the substrate (100) and the insulating layer (160). The coating film (140) also covers the insulating layer (160).

Abstract: A housing includes a case member having an opened front face, and a cover member firmly fixed with the case member to close the opened front face of the case member. The case member has a penetration hole penetrating its side face. A movable part includes an inner member disposed inside the housing to control a circuit, and an outer member being a discrete piece from the inner member and exposed outside the housing to be manipulated by a user. The outer member includes a shaft part inserted through the penetration hole.

Abstract: A light emitting apparatus (10) includes a substrate (100), an insulating layer (160), a light emitting element (102), a coating film (140), and a structure (150). The insulating layer (160) is formed over one surface of the substrate (100), and includes an opening (162). The light emitting element (102) is formed in the opening (162). The coating film (140) is formed over the one surface of the substrate (100), and covers a portion of the light emitting element (102), the insulating layer (160), and the one surface of the substrate (100). The coating film (140) does not cover another portion of the substrate (100) (for example, a portion of an end portion: hereinafter, referred to as a first portion). The structure (150) is located between the first portion of the substrate (100) and the insulating layer (160). The coating film (140) also covers the insulating layer (160).

Abstract: An optical transmitter-receiver includes an optical integrated device in which at least an optical modulator and an optical detector are integrated as optical devices over the same substrate and an insulating layer is provided between the optical modulator and the substrate and between the optical detector and the substrate, and an electronic circuit chip that is connected to the optical integrated device and includes an electronic circuit including a ground wiring line. The optical integrated device includes a shield electrode between the optical modulator and the optical detector, and the shield electrode is provided sandwiching the insulating layer with the substrate to configure a capacitance and is connected to the ground wiring line of the electronic circuit chip.

Abstract: A housing includes a case member having an opened front face, and a cover member firmly fixed with the case member to close the opened front face of the case member. The case member has a penetration hole penetrating its side face. A movable part includes an inner member disposed inside the housing to control a circuit, and an outer member being a discrete piece from the inner member and exposed outside the housing to be manipulated by a user. The outer member includes a shaft part inserted through the penetration hole.