Abstract: A method for manufacturing an organic EL display device is provided, which includes forming a first emission layer via a hole injection transport layer over a substrate having first, second and third anode electrodes formed thereon, irradiating the second and third anode electrodes with light, to remove the first emission layer selectively to expose the hole injection transport layer on the second and third anode electrodes, forming a second emission layer, on the first emission layer and on the exposed hole injection transport layer, irradiating the third anode electrode with light to remove the second emission layer selectively, to expose the hole injection transport layer on the third anode electrode, forming a third emission layer, on the second emission layer and on the exposed hole injection transport layer, and forming a cathode electrode over the first, second and third anode electrodes via at least one of the emission layers.

Abstract: An electrophoretic display device comprises a first substrate and a second substrate positioned to face each other. A first electrode is so mounted to the first substrate as to face second and third electrodes. The second and third electrodes have an area smaller than that of the first electrode. Also, the distance between the second and third electrodes is set shorter than the distance between the second and first electrodes and the distance between the third and electrodes. A suspension dispersing charged fine particles in an insulating liquid medium is interposed between the first electrode and the second and third electrodes. An AC voltage is applied between the second and third electrodes, and a DC voltage is applied between the first electrode and the second and third electrodes. Thus, the migration of charged fine particles are controlled in accordance with the dielectrophoretic and electrophoretic forces.

Abstract: A light-emitting device is provided, which includes a first substrate, a first pair of electrodes formed above the first substrate, a second substrate disposed apart from the first substrate, a second pair of electrodes formed above the second substrate, a selective permeable layer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, a first light-emitting layer disposed between the first substrate and the selective permeable layer, a second light-emitting layer disposed between the second substrate and selective permeable layer. The first light-emitting layer contains a first light-emitting material which emits light through an electrochemical oxidation or reduction thereof and a supporting salt. The second light-emitting layer contains a second light-emitting material which emits light through an electrochemical oxidation or reduction thereof and a supporting salt.

Abstract: A display device includes a first substrate; a first electrode and a second electrode placed on the first substrate; a second substrate separately placed from and facing with the first substrate; a third electrode placed on the second substrate; a first layer placed between the first and second substrates, being on the first substrate, and including a luminescent material which becomes luminous in response to electrochemical oxidation or reduction; a second layer placed between the first and second substrates, being on the second substrate, and including a coloring material which discolors in response to electrochemical oxidation or reduction; and a third layer placed between the first and second layers, transmitting none of or few oxidizing species or reducing species in the luminescent material, and having ion conductivity and electron conductivity.

Abstract: An electrophoretic display device comprises a first substrate and a second substrate positioned to face each other. A first electrode is so mounted to the first substrate as to face second and third electrodes. The second and third electrodes have an area smaller than that of the first electrode. Also, the distance between the second and third electrodes is set shorter than the distance between the second and first electrodes and the distance between the third and electrodes. A suspension dispersing charged fine particles in an insulating liquid medium is interposed between the first electrode and the second and third electrodes. An AC voltage is applied between the second and third electrodes, and a DC voltage is applied between the first electrode and the second and third electrodes. Thus, the migration of charged fine particles are controlled in accordance with the dielectrophoretic and electrophoretic forces.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes a display element that includes an electrolyte solution layer containing an electrochemical luminescent material; and a voltage applying unit that applies a voltage with a waveform having a gradient for a first period and a flat top for a second period following the first period, to the electrolyte solution layer, so that the electrochemical luminescent material emits light.

Abstract: A display device with both light-emitting and reflective display capabilities is disclosed. This device includes first and second electrodes provided on a first substrate, a second substrate provided to be spaced apart from and oppose the first substrate, a third electrode provided on the second substrate, a first layer which is provided between the first and second substrates on the first substrate side and which contains a light emissive material that emits light through electrochemical oxidation or reduction, a second layer which is provided between the first and second substrates on the second substrate side and which includes a coloring material that changes in color due to electrochemical oxidation or reduction, and a third layer between the first and second layers. The third layer is an electrolytic layer having non-transmissivity or transmission retardancy against the light emissive material or its oxidation or reduction species.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display, and a method of manufacturing the same, the display including a substrate; a pixel electrode on the substrate; a pixel isolator surrounding the pixel electrode, the pixel isolator being formed by an insulator. The display also includes a liquid crystal layer on the pixel electrode surrounded by the pixel isolator; a common electrode on the liquid crystal layer; and a counter substrate on the common electrode.

Abstract: A display device with both light-emitting and reflective display capabilities is disclosed. This device includes first and second electrodes provided on a first substrate, a second substrate provided to be spaced apart from and oppose the first substrate, a third electrode provided on the second substrate, a first layer which is provided between the first and second substrates on the first substrate side and which contains a light emissive material that emits light through electrochemical oxidation or reduction, a second layer which is provided between the first and second substrates on the second substrate side and which includes a coloring material that changes in color due to electrochemical oxidation or reduction, and a third layer between the first and second layers. The third layer is an electrolytic layer having non-transmissivity or transmission retardancy against the light emissive material or its oxidation or reduction species.

Abstract: In a display device, a first electrode and a second electrode are mounted on a first substrate, a second substrate is arranged to face the first substrate with a gap provided between the first substrate and the second substrate, and a third electrode is mounted on the second substrate. A first layer is formed in a gap between the first substrate and the second substrate at the side of the first substrate and containing a ECL material that emits light due to electrochemical oxidation or reduction. A second layer is formed in the gap between the first substrate and the second substrate at the side of the second substrate and containing a EC material having the color changed due to electrochemical oxidation or reduction.

Abstract: In a display device, a first electrode and a second electrode are mounted on a first substrate, a second substrate is arranged to face the first substrate with a gap provided between the first substrate and the second substrate, and a third electrode is mounted on the second substrate. A first layer is formed in a gap between the first substrate and the second substrate at the side of the first substrate and containing a ECL material that emits light due to electrochemical oxidation or reduction. A second layer is formed in the gap between the first substrate and the second substrate at the side of the second substrate and containing a EC material having the color changed due to electrochemical oxidation or reduction.

Abstract: An electrophoretic display device comprises a first substrate and a second substrate positioned to face each other. A first electrode is so mounted to the first substrate as to face second and third electrodes. The second and third electrodes have an area smaller than that of the first electrode. Also, the distance between the second and third electrodes is set shorter than the distance between the second and first electrodes and the distance between the third and electrodes. A suspension dispersing charged fine particles in an insulating liquid medium is interposed between the first electrode and the second and third electrodes. An AC voltage is applied between the second and third electrodes, and a DC voltage is applied between the first electrode and the second and third electrodes. Thus, the migration of charged fine particles are controlled in accordance with the dielectrophoretic and electrophoretic forces.

Abstract: An electrophoretic display device comprises substrates faced to each other so as to form a pixel space therebetween. A first electrode group including control electrode segments is formed on the substrate, and a second electrode group including a counter electrode segment is formed on the substrate. A dispersion liquid of colored and charged fine particles dispersed in an insulating liquid is charged in the pixel space. The fine particles are collected on the first and second electrode groups so as to permit different colors to be displayed on the pixel. A first voltage is applied to a control electrode segment and a second voltage applied to the other control electrode segments so as to cause the colored and charged fine particles to be migrated at a uniform migration speed to the control electrode segments, thereby collecting the colored and charged fine particles on the control electrode segments.

Abstract: There is disclosed an organic electro luminescence display device comprising a two-dimensional array of pixels comprising organic electro luminescence elements capable of emitting a of color or different plural colors, each of the organic electro luminescence elements being provided with an anode, a cathode, a polymeric luminescence layer located between the anode and the cathode, and a hole injection layer. The hole injection layer is constituted by solid matters containing a donor molecule comprising polythiophene and/or a derivative thereof, and an acceptor molecule comprising polystyrenesulfonic acid and/or a derivative thereof, a concentration of sulfate ion in the hole injection layer is 125 ppm or less, and components having a molecular weight of 110,000 or less is 35% or less based on an entire solid matters, the molecular weight being converted as sodium polystyrenesulfonate in an aqueous gel permeation chromatography measured by using UV of 254 nm in wavelength.

Abstract: A reflective display having a first substrate having a first electrode, a second substrate having a second electrode and arranged opposite to the first electrode, and partition walls existing between the first and second substrates and arranged in a direction not perpendicular to the first and second substrates. A non-conductive liquid in which colored particles are dispersed resides in a cell including the partition walls. The colored particles can moved by an electric field, and the display color is thereby changed. Alternatively, the display color can be changed by shape deformation of a liquid-crystal-filled microcapsule enclosed in the cell.

Abstract: There is disclosed an organic electro luminescence display device comprising a two-dimensional array of pixels comprising organic electro luminescence elements capable of emitting a of color or different plural colors, each of the organic electro luminescence elements being provided with an anode, a cathode, a polymeric luminescence layer located between the anode and the cathode, and a hole injection layer. The hole injection layer is constituted by solid matters containing a donor molecule comprising polythiophene and/or a derivative thereof, and an acceptor molecule comprising polystyrenesulfonic acid and/or a derivative thereof, a concentration of sulfate ion in the hole injection layer is 125 ppm or less, and components having a molecular weight of 110,000 or less is 35% or less based on an entire solid matters, the molecular weight being converted as sodium polystyrenesulfonate in an aqueous gel permeation chromatography measured by using UV of 254 nm in wavelength.

Abstract: A reflective display having a first substrate having a first electrode, a second substrate having a second electrode and arranged opposite to the first electrode, and partition walls existing between the first and second substrates and arranged in a direction not perpendicular to the first and second substrates. A non-conductive liquid in which colored particles are dispersed resides in a cell including the partition walls. The colored particles can moved by an electric field, and the display color is thereby changed. Alternatively, the display color can be changed by shape deformation of a liquid-crystal-filled microcapsule enclosed in the cell.

Abstract: A reflective display having a first substrate having a first electrode, a second substrate having a second electrode and arranged opposite to the first electrode, and partition walls existing between the first and second substrates and arranged in a direction not perpendicular to the first and second substrates. A non-conductive liquid in which colored particles are dispersed resides in a cell including the partition walls. The colored particles can moved by an electric field, and the display color is thereby changed. Alternatively, the display color can be changed by shape deformation of a liquid-crystal-filled microcapsule enclosed in the cell.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display, and a method of manufacturing the same, the display including a substrate; a pixel electrode on the substrate; a pixel isolator surrounding the pixel electrode, the pixel isolator being formed by an insulator. The display also includes a liquid crystal layer on the pixel electrode surrounded by the pixel isolator; a common electrode on the liquid crystal layer; and a counter substrate on the common electrode.

Abstract: A reflective display having a first substrate having a first electrode, a second substrate having a second electrode and arranged opposite to the first electrode, and partition walls existing between the first and second substrates and arranged in a direction not perpendicular to the first and second substrates. A non-conductive liquid in which colored particles are dispersed resides in a cell including the partition walls. The colored particles can moved by an electric field, and the display color is thereby changed. Alternatively, the display color can be changed by shape deformation of a liquid-crystal-filled microcapsule enclosed in the cell.