Abstract: There is provided a motorcycle which includes an engine including an exhaust port; an exhaust pipe connected to the exhaust port of the engine; and a catalyst disposed within the exhaust pipe. The exhaust pipe includes a catalyst case accommodating the catalyst, and a pipe connecting the exhaust port of the engine and the catalyst case. The catalyst is disposed in front of the engine. An occupied area of the catalyst in a direction orthogonal to a flow direction of exhaust gas is larger than an opening area of the pipe in a direction orthogonal to a flow direction of exhaust gas. A central axis of the catalyst is inclined with respect to a vehicle width direction in a vehicle front view. And the central axis of the catalyst and a center line of the engine in the vehicle width direction intersect at a position overlapping with the catalyst in the vehicle front view.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of measuring the prostaglandin E main urinary metabolite (PGE-MUM), in which a mixture solution of a urine sample treated with alkali can directly be subjected to an antigen-antibody reaction system in an immunoassay of PGE-MUM, without neutralization and dilution followed by dispensation. The method of measuring PGE-MUM includes the steps of: a) mixing a urine sample with an alkaline aqueous solution, and b) subjecting the mixture solution resulting from a) to an immunoassay using a bicyclo PGE-MUM-immobilized or anti-bicyclo PGE-MUM antibody-immobilized solid phase to measure PGE-MUM in the urine sample, wherein the immunoassay is performed in a weakly-acidic basal buffer solution in the presence of a second pH buffering agent which exerts a buffering effect in the basic range and is different from the pH buffering agent contained in the basal buffer solution, and in the presence of a cationic surfactant.

Abstract: A monitor is arranged on the opposite side of a surgery table to a main doctor so that an assistant is able to view a surgery area directly without being blocked by the monitor. A camera has a working distance of more than or equal to 60 cm and is therefore above a view field for the main doctor to view the monitor, so that the visibility of the monitor is not hindered. The working distance is not more than 100 cm so that the resolution of the camera is not lowered too much.

Abstract: A measurement method and a measurement reagent for cardiac troponin which enable accurate measurement of the amount of cardiac troponin contained in a sample irrespective of the type of the sample and the presence or absence of other components are disclosed. The measurement method for cardiac troponin, wherein cardiac troponin in a sample separated from a body is measured by an immunoassay, includes a pretreatment step of mixing the sample separated from a body with a pretreatment liquid containing one or both of a surfactant and an acidifier. The reagent for immunoassay of cardiac troponin includes a pretreatment liquid containing one or both of a surfactant and an acidifier.

Abstract: A measurement method and a measurement reagent for thyroglobulin, which enable measurement of a more accurate amount of thyroglobulin by a single test without being influenced by interference of anti-thyroglobulin antibody, are disclosed. The measurement method for thyroglobulin, wherein thyroglobulin in a sample separated from a body is measured by an immunoassay, includes a pretreatment step of mixing the sample separated from a body with a pretreatment liquid containing one or both of a surfactant and an acidifier. The reagent for immunoassay of thyroglobulin includes a pretreatment liquid containing one or both of a surfactant and an acidifier.

Abstract: A power circuit shut off device includes a housing and a switch portion provided in the housing, and an operating member configured to turn on or turns off the switch portion. The switch portion includes a pair of terminals arranged along a bottom face of the housing, an electric conductive member having contact point portions and that is elastically urged toward the pair of terminals, and an insulating movable member configured to move along a direction in which the pair of terminals are arranged. The pair of terminals are brought into electric conductive to each other when the pair of terminals contact the contact point portions respectively. The insulating movable member is moved between a shut-off position and a conductive position by an operation on the operating member.

Abstract: Disclosed is a highly sensitive assay method and assay kit for HBsAg, which do not require treatment with a strong acid or alkali in the sample pretreatment, and which is less susceptible to influences by the autoantibodies. The assay method for hepatitis B virus s antigen in a sample separated from a living body includes: a pretreatment step of mixing a sample with a pretreatment reagent containing a reducing agent, to reduce hepatitis B virus s antigen; and an immunoassay step of subjecting the pretreated sample to an immunoassay of hepatitis B virus s antigen using at least one antibody or antigen-binding fragment thereof capable of antigen-antibody reaction with a reduced peptide composed of the amino acids at positions 98 to 179 of hepatitis B virus s antigen.

Abstract: There is provided a motorcycle which includes an engine including an exhaust port; an exhaust pipe connected to the exhaust port of the engine; and a catalyst disposed within the exhaust pipe. The exhaust pipe includes a catalyst case accommodating the catalyst, and a pipe connecting the exhaust port of the engine and the catalyst case. The catalyst is disposed in front of the engine. An occupied area of the catalyst in a direction orthogonal to a flow direction of exhaust gas is larger than an opening area of the pipe in a direction orthogonal to a flow direction of exhaust gas. A central axis of the catalyst is inclined with respect to a vehicle width direction in a vehicle front view. And the central axis of the catalyst and a center line of the engine in the vehicle width direction intersect at a position overlapping with the catalyst in the vehicle front view.

Abstract: An engine lubrication structure supplies oil from an oil pump to individual components of an engine in which a balancer shaft is disposed parallel with a crank shaft in a crank case, the engine includes a turbocharger which compresses intake air using exhaust gas of the engine; a main gallery which supplies oil to a bearing of the crank shaft and a bearing of the balancer shaft and a sub-gallery which supplies, to individual components of the engine, oil that has been supplied to the bearing of the balancer shaft are provided in the crank case; and an oil passage which supplies oil to the turbocharger is connected to the sub-gallery.

Abstract: There is provided a saddle-ridden type vehicle. A vehicle body frame has a head pipe and a pair of frame members extends rearward from the head pipe with expanding in a vehicle width direction. An engine is supported between the frame members. An air cleaner is configured to purify air for fuel combustion. A supercharger is configured to compress the purified air. An intercooler is configured to cool the compressed air and to supply the compressed air to the engine. The supercharger is disposed in front of the engine. The air cleaner and the intercooler are disposed above the engine and the supercharger.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of measuring the prostaglandin E main urinary metabolite (PGE-MUM), in which a mixture solution of a urine sample treated with alkali can directly be subjected to an antigen-antibody reaction system in an immunoassay of PGE-MUM, without neutralization and dilution followed by dispensation. The method of measuring PGE-MUM includes the steps of: a) mixing a urine sample with an alkaline aqueous solution, and b) subjecting the mixture solution resulting from a) to an immunoassay using a bicyclo PGE-MUM-immobilized or anti-bicyclo PGE-MUM antibody-immobilized solid phase to measure PGE-MUM in the urine sample, wherein the immunoassay is performed in a weakly-acidic basal buffer solution in the presence of a second pH buffering agent which exerts a buffering effect in the basic range and is different from the pH buffering agent contained in the basal buffer solution, and in the presence of a cationic surfactant.

Abstract: There is provided a saddle-ridden type vehicle. A cooling water flow control unit includes a first passage, a second passage, a bypass passage communicating the first and second passages and a thermostat. An engine outlet piping connects a water jacket and the first passage. A radiator inlet piping connects the first passage and a radiator. A radiator outlet piping connects the radiator and the second passage. A water pump inlet piping connects the second passage and a water pump. The water pump is disposed at a side part of a crank case and in front of a crankshaft. The cooling water flow control unit is disposed above a cylinder head cover. The radiator inlet piping, the radiator outlet piping and the water pump inlet piping are disposed between the engine and the radiator.

Abstract: An engine lubrication structure supplies oil from an oil pump to individual components of an engine in which a balancer shaft is disposed parallel with a crank shaft in a crank case, the engine includes a turbocharger which compresses intake air using exhaust gas of the engine; a main gallery which supplies oil to a bearing of the crank shaft and a bearing of the balancer shaft and a sub-gallery which supplies, to individual components of the engine, oil that has been supplied to the bearing of the balancer shaft are provided in the crank case; and an oil passage which supplies oil to the turbocharger is connected to the sub-gallery.

Abstract: There is provided a balancer device of an engine. The balancer device is configured to reduce rotation vibrations of the engine. A crankshaft is disposed on a mating surface of a crank case divided into an upper case and a lower case. A balancer shaft is disposed below the crankshaft. A balancer housing accommodates therein the balancer shaft. The balancer shaft is disposed on a mating surface between the lower case and the balancer housing.

Abstract: There is provided a saddle-ridden type vehicle including an engine, a water pump, and a radiator. A cooling water flow control unit switches a first circulation path without flowing in the radiator, and a second circulation path through the radiator, in accordance with a temperature of cooling water. The cooling water flow control unit includes a thermostat and a thermostat housing. The thermostat housing is formed with a first passage, a second passage disposed adjacent to the first passage, and a bypass passage communicating the first passage and the second passage. The thermostat switches communication and cutoff of the second passage at a part of the second passage, which is positioned upstream of a connection part between the second passage and the bypass passage, in accordance with the temperature of the cooling water.

Abstract: An aspect of the invention is directed to a lubricating structure of an internal combustion engine for feeding oil from an oil pump to respective portions of the internal combustion engine where a balancer shaft is disposed in parallel with a crankshaft in a crankcase, wherein: a main gallery and an oil passage are provided in the crankcase so that oil can be delivered from the oil pump to the main gallery and the oil of the main gallery can be guided by the oil passage to pass through a bearing of the balancer shaft; and the oil passage feeds the oil that has passed through the bearing of the balancer shaft to a cylinder head.

Abstract: An engine lubrication structure supplies oil stored in an oil pan disposed under a crank case to individual components in the crank case, and includes: a turbocharger which compresses intake air with exhaust gas of an engine; an oil passage which supplies oil to the turbocharger; and an oil return passage which returns oil from the turbocharger to the oil pan, and the crank case is provided with a connection port of the oil return passage, and the connection port is disposed below an oil surface that occurs during operation of the engine and above an oil surface that occurs when a side stand is used.

Abstract: A lubricating structure of an internal combustion engine that feeds oil to a driveshaft of a transmission disposed in parallel with a crankshaft and a balancer shaft in a crankcase, wherein the balancer shaft is disposed below the crankshaft and the driveshaft is disposed at rear of the crankshaft, and a main gallery, a first oil passage, a second oil passage and a third oil passage are formed in the crankcase as defined herein, and a lubricating structure of an internal combustion engine that feeds oil to a bearing of a balancer shaft disposed in parallel with a crankshaft in a crankcase, wherein a main gallery, a first oil passage, and a second oil passage are formed in the crankcase as defined herein.

Abstract: An engine lubrication structure supplies oil from an oil pump to individual components of an engine in which a balancer shaft is disposed parallel with a crank shaft in a crank case, the engine includes a turbocharger which compresses intake air using exhaust gas of the engine; a main gallery which supplies oil to a bearing of the crank shaft and a bearing of the balancer shaft and a sub-gallery which supplies, to individual components of the engine, oil that has been supplied to the bearing of the balancer shaft are provided in the crank case; and an oil passage which supplies oil to the turbocharger is connected to the sub-gallery.

Abstract: A saddle-ridden vehicle includes: an engine; a radiator unit which is disposed in front of the engine and cools cooling water sent from the engine; a supercharger which is disposed between the engine and the radiator unit and compresses air for combustion to be supplied to the engine; and a reservoir tank which is connected to the radiator unit and stores cooling water to flow into the radiator unit, the radiator unit includes a top radiator disposed in top-front of the engine and a bottom radiator disposed below the top radiator, and the reservoir tank is disposed below the supercharger between the engine and the bottom radiator.