Abstract: A phosphor element includes an incident face for an excitation light, a reflecting face opposing the incident face and a side face, and the phosphor element converts at least a part of the excitation light incident onto the incident face into a fluorescence and emits the fluorescence from the incident face. The incident face has an area greater that an area of the reflecting face. The phosphor element includes an inclination region in which an inclination angle of the side face with respect to a vertical axis perpendicular to the incident face is monotonously increased from the reflecting face toward the incident face, viewed in a cross-section perpendicular to the incident face and along the longest dividing line halving the incident face.

Abstract: A phosphor element includes an incident face for an excitation light, a reflecting face opposing the incident face and a side face, and the phosphor element converts at least a part of the excitation light incident onto the incident face into a fluorescence and emits the fluorescence from the incident face. The incident face has an area greater that an area of the reflecting face. The phosphor element includes an inclination region in which an inclination angle of the side face with respect to a vertical axis perpendicular to the incident face is monotonously increased from the reflecting face toward the incident face, viewed in a cross-section perpendicular to the incident face and along the longest dividing line halving the incident face.

Abstract: A phosphor element includes an incident face for an excitation light, an emitting face opposing the incident face and a side face, and the element converts at least a part of the incident excitation light incident onto the incident face to fluorescence and emits the fluorescence from the emitting face. The emitting face has an area larger than an area of the incident face. The phosphor element comprises an inclination region in which an inclination angle of the side face with respect to a vertical axis perpendicular to the emitting face is monotonously increased from the incident face toward the emitting face, viewed in a cross-section perpendicular to the emitting face and along the longest dividing line halving the emitting face.

Abstract: An optical scanning device includes a supporting body 2; an optical waveguide composed of a single crystal having electro-optic effect and integrated with the supporting body directly or through a clad layer; a plurality of periodic domain inversion parts formed in the optical waveguide, the periodic domain inversion parts having periods different from each other; and a plurality of electrodes capable of applying voltages on the periodic domain inversion parts, respectively, to generate diffraction gratings in the periodic domain inversion parts, respectively. The clad layer is composed of a material having a refractive index lower than a refractive index of the single crystal forming the optical waveguide.

Abstract: A method of producing periodic polarization inversion structures requires the provision of first electrode piece part-arrays, each having electrode piece parts on a first main face of a ferroelectric crystal substrate. A voltage is applied on the first electrode piece part-arrays to form first periodic polarization inversion structures. Second electrode piece part-arrays are provided, each having electrode piece parts between the adjacent plural first periodic polarization inversion structures. A voltage is applied on the second electrode piece part-arrays to form second polarization inversion structures.

Abstract: With respect to a transforming method for execution by at least one computer, the transforming method includes transforming a first probability distribution on a space defined with respect to a hyperbolic space to a second probability distribution on the hyperbolic space.

Abstract: A phosphor device includes a phosphor layer composed of a phosphor glass or phosphor single crystal, a reflective film provided on the phosphor layer, a warping suppression layer provided on the reflective film, and a supporting body bonded to the warping suppression layer by direct bonding. An excitation light incident into the phosphor layer is converted to fluorescence, and the fluorescence and excitation light are reflected by the reflective film and emitted from the phosphor layer.

Abstract: An optical waveguide structure includes an optical waveguide, a reflection film provided on the optical waveguide and reflecting a light propagating in the optical waveguide, a metal film provided on the reflection film, and a surface oxidized film provided on the metal film and generated by surface oxidation of the metal film.

Abstract: An optical component includes a first substrate including a phosphor substrate and a second substrate including a translucent substrate and supporting the first substrate. The translucent substrate has a polycrystalline structure with orientation.

Abstract: A phosphor element comprises: a support substrate; an optical waveguide for propagating an excitation light through the waveguide, the optical waveguide comprising a phosphor generating a fluorescence, and the optical waveguide comprising an emission side end surface emitting the excitation light and the fluorescence, an opposing end surface opposing the emission side end surface, a bottom surface, a top surface opposing the bottom surface and a pair of side surfaces; a bottom surface side clad layer covering the bottom surface of the optical waveguide; a top surface side clad layer covering the top surface of the optical waveguide; side surface side clad layers covering the side surfaces of the optical waveguide, respectively; a top surface side reflection film covering the top surface side clad layer; side surface side reflection films covering the side surface side clad layers, respectively; and a bottom surface side reflection film provided between the support substrate and the bottom surface side clad la

Abstract: An optical waveguide structure includes an optical waveguide, a reflection film provided on the optical waveguide and reflecting a light propagating in the optical waveguide, a metal film provided on the reflection film, and a surface oxidized film provided on the metal film and generated by surface oxidation of the metal film.

Abstract: An optical waveguide substrate 1 includes an optical waveguide 9 composed of a multi-layered film 4 of a plurality of optical material films 5, 6 and having end faces onto which a light is made incident or from which the light is emitted. The end face is an etched surface, and it is provided, on the end face, an unevenness 7 corresponding to a difference of etching rates of the optical material films.

Abstract: An optical element includes an optical waveguide layer. The optical waveguide includes a periodic structure of grooves. The optical waveguide layer has a layer-thickness equal to or greater than 1.5 ?m and is made of material selected from a group consisting of Ta2O5, Al2O3, LiNbO3, LiTaO3, AlN, GaN, SiC, and Yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG). (D/0.5?)?2.5 is satisfied where D indicates the depth of groove; and ? indicates the pitch of the arranged grooves in the periodic structure. The unit of ? is identical to the unit of D.

Abstract: An optical waveguide device 1 includes a thin layer 3 and a ridge portion 5 loaded on the thin layer 3. The thin layer 3 is made of an optical material selected from the group consisting of lithium niobate, lithium tantalate, lithium niobate-lithium tantalate, yttrium aluminum garnet, yttrium vanadate, gadolinium vanadate, potassium gadolinium tungstate; and potassium yttrium tungstate. The ridge portion 5 is made of tantalum pentoxide and has a trapezoid shape viewed in a cross section perpendicular to a direction of propagation of light. The ridge portion is not peeled off from the thin layer in a tape peeling test.

Abstract: An optical component includes a first substrate including a phosphor substrate and a second substrate including a translucent substrate and supporting the first substrate. The translucent substrate has a polycrystalline structure with orientation.

Abstract: An optical component includes a first substrate including a phosphor substrate and a second substrate including a translucent substrate and supporting the first substrate. A bonding layer is provided between the first substrate and the second substrate, and the bonding layer includes at least one kind of element contained on a surface of the first substrate facing the second substrate and at least one kind of element contained on a surface of the second substrate facing the first substrate. The bonding layer contains 2% by weight or more and 45% by weight or less of at least one kind of metal element which is not included in any of the first substrate and the second substrate.

Abstract: A phosphor element comprises: a support substrate; an optical waveguide for propagating an excitation light through the waveguide, the optical waveguide comprising a phosphor generating a fluorescence, and the optical waveguide comprising an emission side end surface emitting the excitation light and the fluorescence, an opposing end surface opposing the emission side end surface, a bottom surface, a top surface opposing the bottom surface and a pair of side surfaces; a bottom surface side clad layer covering the bottom surface of the optical waveguide; a top surface side clad layer covering the top surface of the optical waveguide; side surface side clad layers covering the side surfaces of the optical waveguide, respectively; a top surface side reflection film covering the top surface side clad layer; side surface side reflection films covering the side surface side clad layers, respectively; and a bottom surface side reflection film provided between the support substrate and the bottom surface side clad la

Abstract: It is provided first electrode piece part-arrays each comprising a plurality of electrode piece parts on a first main face of a ferroelectric crystal substrate. A voltage is applied on the first electrode piece part-arrays to form first periodic polarization inversion structures. It is provided second electrode piece part-arrays each comprising a plurality of electrode piece parts between the adjacent plural first periodic polarization inversion structures. A voltage is applied on the second electrode piece part-arrays to form second polarization inversion structures.

Abstract: An optical element includes an optical waveguide layer. The optical waveguide includes a periodic structure of grooves. The optical waveguide layer has a layer-thickness equal to or greater than 1.5 ?m and is made of material selected from a group consisting of Ta2O5, Al2O3, LiNbO3, LiTaO3, AlN, GaN, SiC, and Yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG). (D/0.5?)?2.5 is satisfied where D indicates the depth of groove; and ? indicates the pitch of the arranged grooves in the periodic structure. The unit of ? is identical to the unit of D.

Abstract: A grating device includes an optical material layer; a channel type optical waveguide region provided in the optical material layer; extension regions provided on the outsides of the channel type optical waveguide region, respectively; a Bragg grating provided in the channel type optical waveguide region; and periodic microstructures provided in the extension regions, respectively. The periodic microstructures are provided in 50 percent or larger of a total of areas of the extension regions.