Abstract: A process for producing a polymer having sulfonic acid groups is provided which comprises treating a polymer having sulfonate salt groups with a ion-exchange resin to change the sulfonate salt groups into sulfonate acid groups with porous-type strongly acidic cation exchange resin. A process for producing a tertiary alcohol is also provided which comprises hydration of olefin by use of the aforementioned polymer as the catalyst. By the process, a tertiary alcohol is produced by hydration of olefin with high selectivity at low cost.

Abstract: Process for producing a flexible polyurethane foam through reaction of a polyol with a polyisocyanate in the presence of an amine catalyst, a blowing agent, and a foam stabilizer, the amine catalyst comprising at least one of the imidazoles represented by the general formula below: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is alkyl of 1 to 4 carbons, dimethylaminopropyl, benzyl, vinyl, or hydroxyalkyl of 1 to 3 carbons; R.sup.2 is hydrogen, alkyl of 1 to 4 carbons, allyl, benzyl, or phenyl; and R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are respectively hydrogen, alkyl of 1 to 4 carbons, or hydroxymethyl.

Abstract: A method for preventing agglomeration of powder, characterized in that a poly(oxyethylene)diglycosic acid is incorporated as an anti-agglomeration agent to the powder.

Abstract: A process for producing a high resilience polyurethane foam by reacting a polyol with a polyisocyanate in the presence of a catalyst, a blowing agent, and a foam stabilizer; said polyisocyanate containing at least diphenylmethane diisocyanate and/or a mixture of diphenylmethane diisocyanate with a derivative thereof, the blowing agent being water, or water and a halogenated hydrocarbon in amounts of not less than 2 parts by weight of water and not more than 20 parts by weight of the halogenated hydrocarbon based on 100 parts by weight of the polyol, and the catalyst being at least one selected from the compounds represented by the formula (I) below: ##STR1## where R.sup.1 is alkyl having 1 to 4 carbons, dimethylaminopropyl, benzyl, vinyl, or hydroxyalkyl having 1 to 3 carbons; R.sup.2 is hydrogen, alkyl having 1 to 4 carbons, alkyl, benzyl or phenyl; and R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are independently hydrogen, alkyl having 1 to 4 carbons, or hydroxymethyl.

Abstract: A process for producing a rigid polyurethane foam by use of a decreased amount of a CFC blowing agent and an increased amount of water used as a blowing agent, maintaining a high degree of heat insulation and improving the deterioration in friability of the product. The catalyst is one of the imidazoles represented by the formula (I): ##STR1## where R.sup.1 is alkyl having 1 to 4 carbons, benzyl, dimethylaminopropyl, or hydroxyalkyl having 1 to 3 carbons; R.sup.2 is hydrogen, alkyl having 1 to 4 carbons, allyl, or benzyl; and R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are independently hydrogen, methyl, or hydroxymethyl.

Abstract: A thermal recording head and system including a plurality of heating elements ranged in one line, wherein N groups of heating elements are sequentially selected to be actuated by selecting a respective one of every N number of adjacent heating elements in order for N times of divisional recording for one line.

Abstract: A fine-cell rigid polyurethane foam is prepared by reacting a polyol having a blowing agent such as water incorporated therein with a polyisocyanate in the presence of an amine catalyst having a retarding effect. The amine catalyst is comprised of (a) 30 to 50 parts by weight of triethylene diamine, (b) 30 to 50 parts by weight of bis(dimethylaminoethyl)ether and/or N,N',N",N"-pentamethyldiethylene triamine, (c) up to 40 parts by weight of tetramethylhexamethylene diamine and/or trimethylaminoethylpiperazine, and (d) formic acid in an amount of 0.2 to 1.5 moles per mole of triethylene diamine.

Abstract: A fine-cell rigid polyurethane foam is prepared by reacting a polyol having a blowing agent such as water incorporated therein with a polyisocyanate in the presence of an amine catalyst having a retarding effect. The amine catalyst is comprised of (a) 30 to 50 parts by weight of triethylene diamine, (b) 30 to 50 parts by weight of bis(dimethylaminoethyl)ether and/or N,N',N",N"-pentamethyldiethylene triamine, (c) up to 40 parts by weight of tetramethylhexamethylene diamine and/or trimethylaminoethylpiperazine, and (d) formic acid in an amount of 0.2 to 1.5 moles per mole of triethylene diamine.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for producing a fluorinated ester containing a trifluoromethyl group by esterification in the presence of .gamma.-butyrolactone as a solvent, and more particularly a process or producing a fluorinated ester containing a trifluoromethyl group which is useful as a raw material of various fluorine containing compound.

Abstract: Amine catalysts useful for producing polyurethane foams coated with skin by reaction of an organic polyisocyanate with a polyol. The catalysts comprise 4-methyl-1-(2-hydroxyalkyl)-piperazine, and emit no bad odor, give excellent moldability and are free from deterioration of skin and discoloration of covering materials.

Abstract: Process for producing a high density elastic polyurethane of reduced weight having excellent resistance to bending, which employs as catalyst 4-methyl-1-(2-dimethylaminoethyl)piperazine or a mixture of 4-methyl-1-(2-dimethylaminoethyl)piperazine and another tertiary amine compound as co-catalyst.

Abstract: The disclosed catalyst for polyurethane comprises an organic carboxylic acid salt of a tertiary amine compound and 1-methyl-4-(2-dimethylaminoethyl)piperazine. The tertiary amine compound is selected from the group of triethylenediamine, bis(2-dimethylaminoethyl)ether and N,N,N',N",N"-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine and the organic carboxylic acid is selected from the organic carboxylic acids having 1-20 carbon atoms.

Abstract: An improved thermal head for thermal recording includes an array of a plurality of heat generator elements arranged in a direction first, and a plurality of semiconductor chips each thereof including a plurality of transistors for selectively energizing the plural heat generator elements. An array of electrode terminals including the individual electrode terminals of the plurality of transistors each thereof being connected to one electrode of each of the plurality of heat generator elements are formed on one of the major surfaces of each of the semiconductor chips in a second direction substantially perpendicular to the first direction of the heat generator element array. The thermal head further comprises a flexible film associated with each of the semiconductor chips and having a slot or recess surrounding the electrode terminal array.

Abstract: Disclosed is a catalytic composition comprising a substance having the general formula: ##STR1## where R.sub.1 is an alkyl group having 1 to 3 C atoms and R.sub.2 is a group selected from --H, --CH.sub.3 and CH.sub.2 CH.sub.3.The catalytic composition is odorless and excellent in the urethane forming reaction in production of polyurethane.

Abstract: A very compact thermal printing head which may be manufactured at low cost is proposed. The thermal printing head integrally comprises a given multiple of heaters formed in an array, and a plurality of semiconductor devices each having at least a plurality of transistors which are respectively connected to heaters and a shift register which transfers an image signal for selectively switching the plurality of transistors. Straight lead wires are used to connect the semiconductor devices and the heaters, and L-shaped or inverted L-shaped lead wires are used to connect the semiconductor devices and a set of multi-layer wiring conductors having terminal mount portions of the head. These straight and L-shaped (or inverted L-shaped) lead wires are respectively supported on electrically insulating flexible films obtained by the TAB (tape automated bonding) method.

Abstract: A process for producing 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol, which is used for modifying inorganic high polymers such as phosphazene polymers being thermo-resistant, inflammable and oil-resistant, by employing .gamma.-butyrolactone as a reaction solvent.

Abstract: A system for feedback control of the air-fuel ratio in a carburetor for an automotive internal combustion engine. The control system includes an auxiliary air bleed passage in the main air bleed of a fuel passage, an electromagnetic valve to periodically open and close the auxiliary air bleed passage, an exhaust sensor to detect a specific component of the exhaust gas as an indication of actual air-fuel ratio, and a control circuit to control the electromagnetic valve based on the output of the exhaust sensor. A vacuum passage connects the auxiliary air bleed passage at a section upstream of the electromagnetic valve to a venturi of the intake passage. A vacuum-responsive valve in the vacuum passage dilutes air admitted through the auxiliary air bleed passage with the venturi vacuum during higher speed operation of the engine to compensate for a tendency of the air through the auxiliary air bleed passage to be augmented.

Abstract: A trans-[hydridocarbonyl tris(triorganic phosphine) rhodium (I)]is produced by reducing a trans-[chlorocarbonyl bis(triorganic phosphine) rhodium (I)]with a tetrahydroborate in the presence of a triorganic phosphine in a solvent by heating, an improvement characterized in that the reduction is carried out in the presence of carbon monoxide or a mixture of more than 50 vol. % of carbon monoxide and an inert gas and the reaction mixture if cooled to O.degree. to 30.degree. C. in an atmosphere of carbon monoxide or a mixture of more than 50 vol. % of carbon monoxide and an inert gas and the crystal is separated. The trans-[hydridocarbonyl tris(triorganic phosphine) rhodium (I)]having high purity is obtained at high yield.

Abstract: An organic tri-substituted phosphine having a boiling point of at least 200.degree. C. and a reaction medium having a boiling point of at least 200.degree. C. are used in a hydroformylation of allyl alcohol with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a rhodium complex catalyst. The concentration of the organic phosphine is 5.times.10.sup.-4 to 0.3 mol. per 1 liter of the reaction medium. The reaction medium is distilled at lower than 80.degree. C. under a reduced pressure and the bottom residue as the catalyst solution is recycled. The hydroformylation can be repeated by using the bottom residue as the catalyst solution.

Abstract: An alcohol is produced from a compound having an alkenyl group by a hydroformylation of said compound having an alkenyl group in a substantially water immiscible solvent in the presence of a hydroformylation catalyst which is soluble in said solvent and a hydrogenation of the reaction mixture in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst.Water is added at a ratio of 0.5 to 30 times by weight base on an aldehyde produced by said hydroformylation before said hydrogenation, and an organic phase containing the hydroformylation catalyst component is separated from a water phase containing the alcohol produced by said hydrogenation and said organic phase is recycled into said hydroformylation.The compound having an alkenyl group is an aliphatic olefin, a hydroxyolefin, and olefin ether or an olefin ester and the corresponding saturated alcohol having one more carbon atom is produced.