Abstract: Methods and apparatus for providing dispersion-managed dissipative Kerr solitons on-chip are provided. Microresonators are also provided for producing such solitons. The solitons may be enabled by real-time dynamical measurements on frequency combs. Methods are further provided to determine the temporal structure of the intracavity field in both the fast time axis, with ultrafast time-lens magnifiers at 600 fs timing resolutions, and the slow time axis via optical sampling with a synchronized fiber frequency comb reference. An order-of-magnitude enlarged stability zone of the dispersion-managed dissipative Kerr solitons is achieved versus the static regimes.

Abstract: A dual-comb measuring system is provided. The dual comb measuring system may include a bi-directional mode-locked femtosecond laser, a high-speed rotation stage, and a fiber coupler. The high-speed rotation stage may be coupled to a pump diode.

Abstract: Based on graphene heterostructure in chip-scale silicon nitride microresonators, optoelectronic control and modulation in frequency combs via group velocity dispersion modulation can be demonstrated. By tuning graphene Fermi level from 0.50 eV to 0.65 eV via electric-field gating, deterministic in-cavity group velocity dispersion control from anomalous (?62 fs2/mm) to normal (+9 fs2/mm) can be achieved with Q factor remaining high at 106. Consequently, both the primary comb lines and the full comb spectra can be controllable dynamically with the on/off switching of the Cherenkov radiation, the tuning of the primary comb lines from 2.3 THz to 7.2 THz, and the comb span control from zero comb lines to ˜781 phase-locked comb lines, directly via the DC voltage.

Abstract: A cell culture device comprises a top layer, a diffusion layer, and a suspension layer. The diffusion layer comprises at least one diffusion channel. The suspension layer comprises multiple suspension units. The multiple suspension units are connected to the diffusion channel. A fluid is conducted through the diffusion channel and flow into the suspension units for drop suspended. Cells are cultivated in the fluid suspended in the suspension unit. The cell culture device can be used in an electromagnetic cell culturing system. The electromagnetic cell culturing system is a combination of hanging drop method, microfluidic technology and electromagnetic stimulation. The electromagnetic cell culturing system can improve the growth of cells and also is capable of continuously providing culture medium into the cell culture device. The cell culture device can be used to cultivate large quantity of cells with high productivity and stable quality.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for providing dispersion-managed dissipative Kerr solitons on-chip are provided. Microresonators are also provided for producing such solitons. The solitons may be enabled by real-time dynamical measurements on frequency combs. Methods are further provided to determine the temporal structure of the intracavity field in both the fast time axis, with ultrafast time-lens magnifiers at 600 fs timing resolutions, and the slow time axis via optical sampling with a synchronized fiber frequency comb reference. An order-of-magnitude enlarged stability zone of the dispersion-managed dissipative Kerr solitons is achieved versus the static regimes.

Abstract: Normal group velocity dispersion mode-locked optical frequency combs are provided on-chip. On-chip coherent frequency comb generation includes pulses showing temporal durations of about 74 fs. Pump detuning and bandpass filtering are provided for stabilizing and shaping the pulses from normal group velocity dispersion microresonators.

Abstract: Normal group velocity dispersion mode-locked optical frequency combs are provided on-chip. On-chip coherent frequency comb generation includes pulses showing temporal durations of about 74 fs. Pump detuning and bandpass filtering are provided for stabilizing and shaping the pulses from normal group velocity dispersion microresonators.

Abstract: An enhancement cavity includes a plurality of focusing mirrors, at least one of which defines a central aperture having a diameter greater than 1 mm. The mirrors are configured to form an optical pathway for closed reflection and transmission of the optical pulse within the enhancement cavity. Ring-shaped optical pulses having a peak intensity at a radius greater than 0.5 mm from a central axis are directed into the enhancement cavity. Accordingly, the peak intensity of the optical pulse is distributed so as to circumscribe the central apertures in the apertured mirrors, and the mirrors are structured to focus the pulse about the aperture toward a central spot area where the pulse is focused to a high intensity.

Abstract: A pen for capacitive touch input includes a replaceable head and a conductive handle. The conductive handle is a tube having a tunnel or a rod having a stocking hole for receiving the replaceable head and exposing the conductive tip of the replaceable head to touch a capacitive touch control device. The pen is adaptive to different capacitive touch control devices for precision and sensitivity on position detection by using different replaceable heads.

Abstract: A capacitive touchpad has insulating blocks provided above and below a resilient layer. The insulating blocks above the resilient layer are offset in position with respect to the insulating blocks below the resilient layer. Due to the insulating blocks, a plurality of gaps are formed in the capacitive touchpad. The gaps are filled with a fluid medium. When a conductive or non-conductive object touches the capacitive touchpad, the resilient layer is deformed at the touched position and thereby displaces the fluid medium completely from the affected gaps. As a result, the distance and the dielectric coefficient between the resilient layer or an electrode plate and a sensor layer are changed, causing variation in capacitance.

Abstract: A measurement and estimation method for orthopedics diagnosis is disclosed, which includes providing a resonant frequency of a bone, providing a bone length of the bone, providing a correction parameter, and calculating a bone density according to the resonant frequency, the bone length, and the correction parameter.

Abstract: An enhancement cavity includes a plurality of focusing mirrors, at least one of which defines a central aperture having a diameter greater than 1 mm. The mirrors are configured to form an optical pathway for closed reflection and transmission of the optical pulse within the enhancement cavity. Ring-shaped optical pulses having a peak intensity at a radius greater than 0.5 mm from a central axis are directed into the enhancement cavity. Accordingly, the peak intensity of the optical pulse is distributed so as to circumscribe the central apertures in the apertured mirrors, and the mirrors are structured to focus the pulse about the aperture toward a central spot area where the pulse is focused to a high intensity.

Abstract: A method for imaging a sample is described. The sample is characterized by a limit on incident optical energy absorbed over a given time period. The method includes providing at least one input optical wave that includes pulses that each have a full-width half-maximum time duration of more than 100 picoseconds and a pulse energy sufficiently large such that a sufficient number of consecutive pulses absorbed by the sample would exceed the limit. The method also includes directing the input optical wave to focus on a first portion of the sample; detecting energy from an output optical wave generated from a nonlinear optical interaction in the first portion of the sample with the input optical wave; and generating a representation of the first portion of the sample based on the detected energy from the output optical wave.

Abstract: A method for imaging a sample is described. The sample is characterized by a limit on incident optical energy absorbed over a given time period. The method includes providing at least one input optical wave that includes pulses that each have a full-width half-maximum time duration of more than 100 picoseconds and a pulse energy sufficiently large such that a sufficient number of consecutive pulses absorbed by the sample would exceed the limit. The method also includes directing the input optical wave to focus on a first portion of the sample; detecting energy from an output optical wave generated from a nonlinear optical interaction in the first portion of the sample with the input optical wave; and generating a representation of the first portion of the sample based on the detected energy from the output optical wave.