Abstract: An operation method in heterogeneous networks, and a gateway and a wireless communication device using the same are disclosed. The operation method in heterogeneous networks includes followings. When a gateway, connecting a first communication network and a second communication network, operates in a beacon mode, the gateway determines whether the first communication network is in an allowed period or a forbidden period, and generates a determination result. Then, the gateway adaptively adjusts a ratio of a superframe duration to a beacon interval of a periodic beacon of the second communication network according to the determination result. In addition, the gateway is connected to a M2M communication server via the first communication network, and the gateway is connected to at least one M2M communication device via the second communication network.

Abstract: A determining and routing apparatus uses an emergency event pre-processor (EEPP) to decide a machine-based emergency event request and route a corresponding emergency message to at least one proper emergency reaction center (emRC). For each emergency event request from one or more signal sending devices, the EEPP decides the emergency event request, analyzes at least one machine-based emergency event service type set in a parameter in accordance with the request, selects at least one emRC to process the machine-based emergency event service type from one or more emRCs, and decides at least one routing path for transmitting the corresponding emergency message. At least one mapping lists maintain the mapping information between the machine-based emergency event service types and the emRCs.

Abstract: A method for operating a machine-to-machine (M2M) device communicating with a gateway includes determining, by the gateway, a timing parameter for synchronizing the machine-to-machine device with the gateway; inserting the timing parameter into a control signal; and transmitting the control signal from the gateway to the machine-to-machine device.

Abstract: In general, an Internet gateway assigns an address to a node of an ad-hoc network on receipt of request for an address assignment. However, a load exerted to the Internet gateway increases. Accordingly, one (proxy node) of the nodes of an ad-hoc network can serve as a proxy node to perform an address assignment function of the Internet gateway. That is, if a node of the ad-hoc node does not receive an advertisement message, it requests the Internet gateway for address assignment to perform the proxy node function. The node is assigned with at least two addresses from the Internet gateway, and then assigns the address to the requesting node. Accordingly, a load exerted to the Internet gateway can be reduced.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide a method for tracking link mobility between two mobile nodes. Each node estimates a link mobility state of a link between itself and each of its neighbor nodes, accumulates successively the link mobility states, estimates link mobility parameters using the successively estimated link mobility states, and predicts a link availability probability using the link mobility parameters. The link mobility tracking can be applied to various routing protocols so as to implement mobility aware routing which enhance the routing performance.

Abstract: An ad-hoc network and routing method that takes account of mobility are provided. The ad-hoc network includes at least one node, which calculates a probability that a neighbor node is present in a transmission range of the node, generates a message containing the calculated probability, and transmits the message to the neighbor node. The at least one node may also update the message with a lower probability of the calculated probability and a probability contained in the message, and transmit the updated message to the neighbor node. The node may also determine as a route a path along which a message is transmitted from the message containing the highest probability among probabilities contained in messages that are received.

Abstract: A method for application layer gateway (ALG) assisted local IP access (LIPA) at a base station by network address translation (NAT) allows IP capable UEs connected via HeNB or other kinds of Femto cell base station to use LIPA to establish multimedia session with other IP capable entities in the same IP network by NAT. The method relays a LIPA request to IMS, determines whether the terminating entity residing in the same IP network or not, and determines if the originating and terminating entities are allowed to use LIPA, and modifies the transport address information accordingly to facilitate signaling and packet routing. The method also provides the capability to apply different charging policies for LIPA and non-LIPA usages.

Abstract: A method and system for establishing multiple channels between nodes each having a single radio interface in a mesh network supporting multiple channels are provided. Each node in the mesh network initially generates a neighbor node table, taking into account at least one traffic channel temporarily established for data transmission to a neighbor node. The neighbor node table is updated when a traffic channel is established for data transmission to the neighbor node, and the neighbor node table is updated according to channel use information of the neighbor node received from the neighbor node or channel use information of a node two hops away.

Abstract: Apparatus for coupling one or more machine-to-machine (M2M) devices to a wireless network, including: a first network interface controller (NIC) module configured to communicate with the M2M devices; an M2M controller unit coupled to the first NIC module, the M2M controller unit including a database and a controller, the controller being configured to store information regarding the M2M devices in the database and to retrieve information regarding the M2M devices from the database; and a second NIC module coupled to the M2M controller unit, the second NIC module including an M2M enable unit configured to send the information retrieved by the controller to the wireless network.

Abstract: An authentication method, and a key distribution method, and an authentication and key distribution method are provided. The authentication method is adapted for a machine type communication involved with a wireless communication system, and includes the following steps. At least a user equipment (UE) transmits an application request including at least a first security material to a network application function (NAF), where the at least a first security material is not a key directly obtained through a bootstrapping procedure of a generic bootstrapping architecture. The NAF generates a second security material, which is not the key, either. The NAF replies the UE an application answer with the at least a second security material. In addition, the NAF authenticates the UE by the second security material, or the UE authenticates the NAF by the second security material.

Abstract: Provided is a communication method of an access point and a terminal that may decrease power consumption by changing an operation state of a terminal from an awake state to a sleep state when there is no stream to be transmitted to the terminal during a transmission opportunity (TXOP).

Abstract: An apparatus, method and system are provided for routing a broadcast data frame in a mesh network with multiple mesh portals. In the mesh network, every mesh point selects and registers its default mesh portal. A mesh portal enters its address in a destination address field of a broadcast data frame received from outside of the mesh network and broadcasts the data frame to inside of the mesh network. The mesh point processes a received broadcast data frame relating to its registered mesh portal, thereby preventing the broadcast data frame from being redundantly transmitted in the mesh network.

Abstract: A method for assigning a global address to a node in an ad-hoc network is provided. A joining node to the ad-hoc network generates a local address using its MAC address. The joining node inquires of its one-hop nodes about whether they occupy a local address that is the same as the generated local address. When the joining node is informed that there are no nodes occupying the same local address, it generates a global address using the generated local address and a global prefix provided from neighbor nodes. The joining node inquires of an Internet gateway about whether the generated global address is currently used. When the joining node is informed that there are no nodes currently using the same global address, the joining node is assigned the generated global address. Further, the joining node and the Internet gateway communicate messages via a relay node using a tunneling.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for scheduling in a Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) mesh communication system including a plurality of Mesh Access Points (MAPs) are provided, in which, when a message to be transmitted from a first MAP of the MAPs to MAPs adjacent to first MAP is generated, setting a first interval for transmitting the generated message during a predetermined period, and setting a remaining interval excluding the first interval during the predetermined period as a second interval for receiving messages from the adjacent MAPs.

Abstract: A method for relaying packets through a relay node in a communication system composed of a source node, a destination node and at least one relay node for transferring the packets transmitted from the source node to the destination node. The relay node compares a potential corresponding to a number of hops and constituting the transferred packets with a stored potential from the destination node. If the stored potential is smaller than the potential constituting the packets, the relay node updates the packet and broadcasts the updated packets. Also, according to a method for setting a route for transmitting packets, packets are broadcast and it is checked whether updated packets obtained by updating the broadcast packets are received. If updated packets are received, an address of a packet transmission node constituting the updated packets is stored and the following packets are transmitted to the node having the stored address.

Abstract: A method, medium, and system for connecting to a communication system in a network having a plurality of nodes capable of communicating with each other. The node requests an identifier to a foreign network when a router advertise (RA) message is received from the foreign network, and then the node connects to the communication system, via the foreign network, by use of the received identifier. A method, medium, and system for delegating a network identifier (prefix) from a server of a foreign network, in a network having a plurality of nodes capable of communicating with each other, so that a node can communicate with the foreign network. The prefix to be used by the nodes in the network is transmitted from the server of the foreign network to the node.

Abstract: A wireless ad-hoc network for transmitting packets to target regions, and a packet transmission method thereof, are provided. The ad-hoc network includes at least one relay node for receiving a packet containing location information of at least two target regions each including at least one node, separating the received packet by the location information, forming a new packet for each instance of the location information separated from the received packet, and forwarding the new packets to corresponding target regions; and a source node for generating the packet containing the location information and transmitting the packet to the relay node. The present invention can reduce the packet transmission overhead, the packet transmission delay, and the power required for the packet transmission. Therefore, the packets can be delivered to the target regions in an efficient manner.

Abstract: A hand-off method including detecting edge nodes located at edges of a mobile ad-hoc network (MANET); retransmitting, at the detected edge nodes, an Internet gateway advertisement message (IGAM) at a new period; and performing a hand-off of a mobile device moving from an infrastructure network to the MANET using the retransmitted IGAM.

Abstract: A method for a hybrid service discovery adapting between push-based and pull-based schemes in a mobile ad-hoc network and a system thereof. The method includes periodically transmitting a first control packet for providing service information from a service provider that is capable of providing a service to nodes located in a specified advertisement zone, transmitting a second control packet requesting the service from a service demander to one or more nodes in a network, and transmitting a third control packet including path information of the service provider if at least one of the nodes located within the advertisement zone and the service provider receives the second control packet. The method and the system can reduce the amount of control packet transmission and minimize an end-to-end delay.

Abstract: An ad-hoc network for routing extension by supporting the IPv6 protocol and a method for routing extension. The ad-hoc network comprises a gateway for appending an address configuration message to an ad-hoc Routing REPly (RREP) message and transmitting an extended ad-hoc RREP message; and a node for separating the address configuration message from the received extended ad-hoc RREP message, establishing a packet transmission path using the ad-hoc RREP message, and configuring a global address using the separated address configuration message. Accordingly, the present invention provides efficiency and improves the network scalability by utilizing the existing IPv6 protocol without amendments and reducing the size of the packet transmitted.