Abstract: A transmission includes a gear train, a transmission shaft driven by the gear train, a transmission casing incorporating the gear train and the transmission shaft, an axle driven by the gear train, a power take-off (PTO) unit attached to the transmission casing, and a parking brake. The transmission shaft and the axle are extended parallel to each other. The PTO unit includes a PTO input shaft, a PTO shaft, and a PTO drive train transmitting power from the PTO input shaft to the PTO shaft. The PTO input shaft is connected coaxially to the transmission shaft so as to receive power from the transmission shaft. The parking brake is provided on the transmission shaft or the PTO input shaft.

Abstract: A power module substrate includes an insulating layer, a circuit layer that is formed on a first surface of the insulating layer, and a metal layer that is formed on a second surface of the insulating layer, in which a first base layer is laminated on a surface of the metal layer on the opposite side of the surface to which the insulating layer is provided, and the first base layer has: a first glass layer that is formed at the interface with the metal layer; and a first Ag layer that is laminated on the first glass layer.

Abstract: A power take-off (PTO) unit takes-off power from a transmission for driving a first drive wheel of a vehicle and transmits the taken-off power to a second drive wheel of the vehicle. The PTO unit includes a PTO casing, a PTO shaft and a brake for braking the PTO shaft. The PTO casing is mounted on another casing incorporating the transmission. The PTO shaft is journaled by the PTO casing, drivingly connected to the transmission shaft of the transmission and drivingly connected to the second drive wheel. The brake is disposed in the PTO casing. The brake includes an unslidable pawl that is not slidable axially in the axial direction of the PTO shaft, and includes a slidable pawl that is slidable axially in the axial direction of the PTO shaft so as to selectively engage or disengage with and from the unslidable pawl.

Abstract: A shift-drum speed change mechanism includes a first drum spring biasing a first drum toward a first side in an axial direction, which is a side on which a first slider comes into contact with a first speed change member, a first fork spring biasing a first shift fork toward a second side in the axial direction, which is a side opposite to the first side in the axial direction, with a weaker biasing force than the first drum spring, and a first stopper member for the first drum, defining an end of movement of the first drum toward the first side in the axial direction.

Abstract: An elongated trench (35) is formed so as to connect the Ag layer (32) and the exposed part of the circuit layer stretching out around the Ag layer (32). The trench (35) a narrow and elongated recessed part penetrating the glass layer (31) and the aluminum oxide film (12A) from the Ag layer (32) to reach the surface (12a) of the circuit layer (2). The extended part (36), which is a part of the Ag layer (32) flatted along with the inner surface (35a) of the trench (35), is formed in the trench (35). The Ag layer (32) and the circuit layer (12) are electrically connected directly by Ag with a low electric resistance value by the extended part (36) in the portion where the trench (35) is formed.

Abstract: A power module substrate includes an insulating layer, a circuit layer that is formed on a first surface of the insulating layer, and a metal layer that is formed on a second surface of the insulating layer, in which a first base layer is laminated on a surface of the metal layer on the opposite side of the surface to which the insulating layer is provided, and the first base layer has: a first glass layer that is formed at the interface with the metal layer; and a first Ag layer that is laminated on the first glass layer.

Abstract: A semiconductor device comprises a circuit layer composed of a conductive material, and a semiconductor element mounted on the circuit layer, wherein an underlayer having a porosity in the range of 5 to 55% is formed on one surface of the circuit layer, a bonding layer composed of a sintered body of a bonding material including an organic substance and at least one of metal particles and metal oxide particles is formed on the underlayer, and the circuit layer and the semiconductor element are bonded together via the underlayer and the bonding layer.

Abstract: There are provided a solder joint structure, a power module using the joint structure, a power module substrate with a heat sink and a method of manufacturing the same, as well as a solder base layer forming paste which is disposed and fired on a metal member to thereby react with an oxide film generated on the surface of the metal member and form the solder base layer on the metal member, capable of suppressing the occurrence of waviness and wrinkles on the surface of the metal member even at the time of loading the power cycle and heat cycle and improving the joint reliability with a joint member.

Abstract: A shift-drum speed change mechanism includes a first drum spring biasing a first drum toward a first side in an axial direction, which is a side on which a first slider comes into contact with a first speed change member, a first fork spring biasing a first shift fork toward a second side in the axial direction, which is a side opposite to the first side in the axial direction, with a weaker biasing force than the first drum spring, and a first stopper member for the first drum, defining an end of movement of the first drum toward the first side in the axial direction.

Abstract: A transmission includes a gear train, a transmission shaft driven by the gear train, a transmission casing incorporating the gear train and the transmission shaft, an axle driven by the gear train, a power take-off (PTO) unit attached to the transmission casing, and a parking brake. The transmission shaft and the axle are extended parallel to each other. The PTO unit includes a PTO input shaft, a PTO shaft, and a PTO drive train transmitting power from the PTO input shaft to the PTO shaft. The PTO input shaft is connected coaxially to the transmission shaft so as to receive power from the transmission shaft. The parking brake is provided on the transmission shaft or the PTO input shaft.

Abstract: A semiconductor device comprises a circuit layer composed of a conductive material, and a semiconductor element mounted on the circuit layer, wherein an underlayer having a porosity in the range of 5 to 55% is formed on one surface of the circuit layer, a bonding layer composed of a sintered body of a bonding material including an organic substance and at least one of metal particles and metal oxide particles is formed on the underlayer, and the circuit layer and the semiconductor element are bonded together via the underlayer and the bonding layer.

Abstract: A power take-off (PTO) unit takes-off power from a transmission for driving a first drive wheel of a vehicle and transmits the taken-off power to a second drive wheel of the vehicle. The PTO unit includes a PTO casing, a PTO shaft and a brake for braking the PTO shaft. The PTO casing is mounted on another casing incorporating the transmission. The PTO shaft is journalled by the PTO casing, drivingly connected to the transmission shaft of the transmission and drivingly connected to the second drive wheel. The brake is disposed in the PTO casing. The brake includes an unslidable pawl that is not slidable axially in the axial direction of the PTO shaft, and includes a slidable pawl that is slidable axially in the axial direction of the PTO shaft so as to selectively engage or disengage with and from the unslidable pawl.

Abstract: There are provided a solder joint structure, a power module using the joint structure, a power module substrate with a heat sink and a method of manufacturing the same, as well as a solder base layer forming paste which is disposed and fired on a metal member to thereby react with an oxide film generated on the surface of the metal member and form the solder base layer on the metal member, capable of suppressing the occurrence of waviness and wrinkles on the surface of the metal member even at the time of loading the power cycle and heat cycle and improving the joint reliability with a joint member.

Abstract: A transmission comprises a housing, a transmission gear mechanism disposed in the housing, an output shaft for transmitting power outputted from the transmission gear mechanism to a front wheel and a rear wheel in a vehicle, a torque limiter for the front wheel, and another torque limiter for the rear wheel. The output shaft is provided with both of the torque limiters in the housing. The transmission is protected from respective peak loads applied on the front wheel and the rear wheel.

Abstract: A power unit includes an engine, a belt transmission driven by the engine, and a second transmission driven by the belt transmission. The engine includes an engine output shaft having an end portion projecting outward from the engine. The second transmission includes a transmission input shaft and a transmission output shaft having respective end portions projecting outward from the second transmission. The belt transmission includes a drive pulley provided on the end portion of the engine output shaft, a driven pulley provided on the end portion of the transmission input shaft, and a belt looped over the drive and driven pulleys. The belt has first and second portions between the drive and driven pulleys. The first portion runs from the drive pulley to the driven pulley. The second portion runs from the driven pulley to the drive pulley.

Abstract: A power unit may include an engine, a belt transmission driven by the engine, a belt transmission chamber incorporating the belt transmission, a second transmission driven by the belt transmission, a second transmission chamber incorporating the second transmission, and a housing member constituting both a part of the belt transmission chamber and a part of the second transmission chamber.

Abstract: A power take-off support portion, including a shaft hole and an outer side surface formed around the shaft hole, is formed on a transaxle housing. The outer side surface of the power take-off support portion is shaped to fit a power take-off casing supporting a power take-off shaft in a first direction. A power take-off casing includes a power take-off main casing member and a base casing member joined to each other. The base casing member is formed with an inner side surface and an outer side surface. The inner side surface and the outer side surface of the base casing member are shaped so that the power take-off shaft supported by the power take-off main casing member is oriented in a second direction different from the first direction when the inner side surface of the base casing member is fitted to the outer side surface of the power take-off support portion, and the outer side surface of the base casing member is fitted to the inner side surface of the power take-off main casing member.

Abstract: A transmission comprises a housing, a transmission gear mechanism disposed in the housing, an output shaft for transmitting power outputted from the transmission gear mechanism to a front wheel and a rear wheel in a vehicle, a torque limiter for the front wheel, and another torque limiter for the rear wheel. The output shaft is provided with both of the torque limiters in the housing. The transmission is protected from respective peak loads applied on the front wheel and the rear wheel.

Abstract: A power take-off support portion, including a shaft hole and an outer side surface formed around the shaft hole, is formed on a transaxle housing. The outer side surface of the power take-off support portion is shaped to fit a power take-off casing supporting a power take-off shaft in a first direction. A power take-off casing includes a power take-off main casing member and a base casing member joined to each other. The base casing member is formed with an inner side surface and an outer side surface. The inner side surface and the outer side surface of the base casing member are shaped so that the power take-off shaft supported by the power take-off main casing member is oriented in a second direction different from the first direction when the inner side surface of the base casing member is fitted to the outer side surface of the power take-off support portion, and the outer side surface of the base casing member is fitted to the inner side surface of the power take-off main casing member.

Abstract: A power take-off support portion, including a shaft hole and an outer side surface formed around the shaft hole, is formed on a transaxle housing. The outer side surface of the power take-off support portion is shaped to fit a power take-off casing supporting a power take-off shaft in a first direction. A power take-off casing includes a power take-off main casing member and a base casing member joined to each other. The base casing member is formed with an inner side surface and an outer side surface. The inner side surface and the outer side surface of the base casing member are shaped so that the power take-off shaft supported by the power take-off main casing member is oriented in a second direction different from the first direction when the inner side surface of the base casing member is fitted to the outer side surface of the power take-off support portion, and the outer side surface of the base casing member is fitted to the inner side surface of the power take-off main casing member.