Abstract: The present invention aims to provide a solar cell having high photoelectric conversion efficiency and excellent durability. The present invention relates to a solar cell including at least: a cathode; an anode; a photoelectric conversion layer provided between the cathode and the anode; and a hole transport layer provided between the photoelectric conversion layer and the anode, the hole transport layer containing an organic semiconductor, the organic semiconductor having a carboxyl group and having a conjugated structure.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a solar cell capable of exhibiting excellent photoelectric conversion efficiency even when ultraviolet light is blocked. The present invention relates to a solar cell including: a cathode; an anode; a photoelectric conversion layer disposed between the cathode and the anode; and an electron transport layer disposed between the cathode and the photoelectric conversion layer, the electron transport layer containing titanium oxide and at least one element selected from the group consisting of pentavalent elements and hexavalent elements.

Abstract: The present invention aims to provide a method of producing a solar cell which can produce a porous inorganic oxide layer that has a high porosity and contains less impurities even by low-temperature firing. The present invention also aims to provide a solar cell produced by the method of producing a solar cell. The present invention directs to a method of producing a solar cell. The method includes: applying an inorganic oxide paste that contains inorganic oxide fine particles, a binder resin, and an organic solvent to a surface of a base to form an inorganic oxide layer on the base, the base including a conductive layer as an outermost layer thereof, the surface being a conductive layer-side surface; firing the inorganic oxide layer; irradiating the inorganic oxide layer with active energy rays or subjecting the inorganic oxide layer to ozonolysis to form a porous inorganic oxide layer; and laminating a semiconductor on the porous inorganic oxide layer.

Abstract: The present invention aims to provide a sulfide semiconductor-forming coating liquid capable of easily forming a sulfide semiconductor having a large area, the sulfide semiconductor being useful as a semiconductor material for photoelectric conversion materials. The present invention also aims to provide a sulfide semiconductor thin film produced using the sulfide semiconductor-forming coating liquid; and a thin film solar cell. The present invention provides a sulfide semiconductor-forming coating liquid, the coating liquid containing a complex containing a metal element of group 15 of the periodic table and sulfur.

Abstract: A design information providing system, which does not allow continuation of manufacturing of products unless a patent license contract is concluded, includes a terminal apparatus (40a) of a user manufacturing a product (BD player (50)) and includes a patent license issuing server (20a) issuing, to the terminal apparatus (40a), a contract certificate (60) certifying the conclusion of the contract, when a contract for a license necessary for manufacturing the BD player (50) is concluded with the user of the terminal apparatus (40a). Further, the design information providing system includes a design information providing server (an encryption key issuing server (30a)) transmitting an encryption key (80) to the terminal apparatus (40a) on condition of the confirmation of the contract certificate (60), when a request for design information (encryption key (80)) unique to the BD player (50) is transmitted from the terminal apparatus (40a).

Abstract: A design information providing system, which does not allow continuation of manufacturing of products unless a patent license contract is concluded, includes a terminal apparatus (40a) of a user manufacturing a product (BD player (50)) and includes a patent license issuing server (20a) issuing, to the terminal apparatus (40a), a contract certificate (60) certifying the conclusion of the contract, when a contract for a license necessary for manufacturing the BD player (50) is concluded with the user of the terminal apparatus (40a). Further, the design information providing system includes a design information providing server (an encryption key issuing server (30a)) transmitting an encryption key (80) to the terminal apparatus (40a) on condition of the confirmation of the contract certificate (60), when a request for design information (encryption key (80)) unique to the BD player (50) is transmitted from the terminal apparatus (40a).

Abstract: A design information providing system, which does not allow continuation of manufacturing of products unless a patent license contract is concluded, includes a terminal apparatus (40a) of a user manufacturing a product (BD player (50)) and includes a patent license issuing server (20a) issuing, to the terminal apparatus (40a), a contract certificate (60) certifying the conclusion of the contract, when a contract for a license necessary for manufacturing the BD player (50) is concluded with the user of the terminal apparatus (40a). Further, the design information providing system includes a design information providing server (an encryption key issuing server (30a)) transmitting an encryption key (80) to the terminal apparatus (40a) on condition of the confirmation of the contract certificate (60), when a request for design information (encryption key (80)) unique to the BD player (50) is transmitted from the terminal apparatus (40a).

Abstract: A DVD terminal (20) makes a request for sending a sub-content to an authentication server (40) (in this case, attaches the “model name and serial number” of the DVD terminal (20)) (S302). The authentication server (40) generates a random number R (S304) and sends it to the DVD terminal (20) (S306). The DVD terminal (20) reads a terminal key and a terminal ID that are stored in a terminal information memory unit (25), decrypts the received random number R using a terminal key (SK_X) (S308) and sends this and the terminal ID (ID_X) to the authentication server (40) (S310). The authentication server (40) verifies the random number R and the terminal ID that are received from the DVD terminal (20) and encrypted, and judges whether the DVD terminal (20) is the authenticated terminal or not (S312).

Abstract: To provide a design information providing system equipped with a mechanism that does not allow continuation of manufacturing of products unless a patent license contract is concluded. A design information providing system (1) includes: a terminal apparatus (40a) of a user manufacturing a product (BD player (50)); a patent license issuing server (20a) which issues, to the terminal apparatus (40a), a contract certificate (60) for certifying the conclusion of the contract, when a contract for a license necessary for manufacturing the BD player (50) is concluded with the user of the terminal apparatus (40a); and a design information providing server (an encryption key issuing server (30a)) which transmits an encryption key (80) to the terminal apparatus (40a) on condition of the confirmation of the contract certificate (60), when a request for design information (encryption key (80)) unique to the BD player (50) is transmitted from the terminal apparatus (40a).

Abstract: A recording type optical disk on which data is recordable includes a data recording and reproducing area for recording data therein and reproducing data therefrom, and a read-only disk identification information area for recording disk identification information for identifying the optical disk therein. In the optical disk, the disk identification information is formed by removing a reflection film that is formed on the optical disk in a strip shape. The disk identification information includes an inherent disk identifier for each optical disk, and the data recording and reproducing area includes an area for recording encrypted data therein. The encrypted data is encrypted by using information including the disk identification information for identifying the optical disk as a key.

Abstract: A DVD terminal (20) makes a request for sending a sub-content to an authentication server (40) (in this case, attaches the “model name and serial number” of the DVD terminal (20)) (S302). The authentication server (40) generates a random number R (S304) and sends it to the DVD terminal (20) (S306). The DVD terminal (20) reads a terminal key and a terminal ID that are stored in a terminal information memory unit (25), decrypts the received random number R using a terminal key (SK_X) (S308) and sends this and the terminal ID (ID_X) to the authentication server (40) (S310). The authentication server (40) verifies the random number R and the terminal ID that are received from the DVD terminal (20) and encrypted, and judges whether the DVD terminal (20) is the authenticated terminal or not (S312).

Abstract: A method and an apparatus are provided, which enable a user's standby time to be shortened or utilized effectively in the course of recording/reproduction of information with respect to an optical disk. Information recorded on a disk is reproduced preferentially, and after counting for a predetermined period of time, recording learning is conducted. Alternatively, management information is reproduced preferentially over recording learning, and recording learning is conducted while a user is confirming this information. Alternatively, the possibility of recording on a disk is identified, and reproduction preference or recording learning preference processing is conducted based the possibility. Alternatively, a rotation speed of a disk is controlled to be variable or constant, based on the possibility of recording.

Abstract: An optical disk apparatus performing either one of recording and reproduction of an optical disk in which groove-shaped groove tracks and land tracks present between the groove tracks are alternately connected to each other in a spiral shape, includes: a recording and reproduction unit for recording a signal in at least one continuous groove track and at least one continuous land track, and then reproducing the signal from the groove track and the land track; a detector for detecting a quality of the signal recorded and reproduced by the recording and reproduction unit; a control parameter setting unit for setting a control parameter related to at least one of the recording and the reproduction of the optical disk; and a controller for changing the control parameter set by the control parameter setting unit, repeating the recording and reproduction performed by the recording and reproduction unit and detection performed by the detector every time the control parameter is changed, and determining the control p

Abstract: A method and an apparatus are provided, which enable a user's standby time to be shortened or utilized effectively in the course of recording/reproduction of information with respect to an optical disk. Information recorded on a disk is reproduced preferentially, and after counting for a predetermined period of time, recording learning is conducted. Alternatively, management information is reproduced preferentially over recording learning, and recording learning is conducted while a user is confirming this information. Alternatively, the possibility of recording on a disk is identified, and reproduction preference or recording learning preference processing is conducted based the possibility. Alternatively, a rotation speed of a disk is controlled to be variable or constant, based on the possibility of recording.

Abstract: A recording type optical disk on which data is recordable includes a data recording and reproducing area for recording data therein and reproducing data therefrom, and a read-only disk identification information area for recording disk identification information for identifying the optical disk therein. In the optical disk, the disk identification information is formed by removing a reflection film that is formed on the optical disk in a strip shape. The disk identification information includes an inherent disk identifier for each optical disk, and the data recording and reproducing area includes an area for recording encrypted data therein. The encrypted data is encrypted by using information including the disk identification information for identifying the optical disk as a key.

Abstract: A recording type optical disk on which data is recordable includes a data recording and reproducing area for recording data therein and reproducing data therefrom, and a read-only disk identification information area for recording disk identification information for identifying the optical disk therein. In the optical disk, the disk identification information is formed by removing a reflection film that is formed on the optical disk in a strip shape. The disk identification information includes an inherent disk identifier for each optical disk, and the data recording and reproducing area includes an area for recording encrypted data therein. The encrypted data is encrypted by using information including the disk identification information for identifying the optical disk as a key.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus are provided, which enable a user's standby time to be shortened or utilized effectively in the course of recording/reproduction of information with respect to an optical disk. Information recorded on a disk is reproduced preferentially, and after counting for a predetermined period of time, recording learning is conducted. Alternatively, management information is reproduced preferentially over recording learning, and recording learning is conducted while a user is confirming this information. Alternatively, the possibility of recording on a disk is identified, and reproduction preference or recording learning preference processing is conducted based the possibility. Alternatively, a rotation speed of a disk is controlled to be variable or constant, based on the possibility of recording.

Abstract: A data processing apparatus can write a video stream related to video on a recording medium. The data processing apparatus includes: a signal acquisition section for acquiring a video signal related to the video; a type identification section for identifying a type of the video based on the video signal, the type of the video being determined in accordance with picture counts of the video displayed per unit time; a stream generator for generating a video stream based on the video signal; a controller for determining, based on the type of the video, whether to disable the writing of the video stream or to enable the writing of the video stream with lowered video quality; and a writing section for controlling, based on the decision of the controller, the writing of the video stream to the recording medium.

Abstract: In a recording and reproducing apparatus for a disc-shaped recording medium, and a defect substitution method for a disc-shaped recording medium (8), whether reproduction of recorded data is good is determined by sector unit and not by product code unit, defective sector discrimination is performed by sector unit, and only sectors determined defective are alternately recorded, when using a recording format in which data that is error detection and correction coded with a product code is segmented and recorded to a plurality of sectors.

Abstract: In a recording and reproducing apparatus for a disc-shaped recording medium, and a defect substitution method for a disc-shaped recording medium (8), whether reproduction of recorded data is good is determined by sector unit and not by product code unit, defective sector discrimination is performed by sector unit, and only sectors determined defective are alternately recorded, when using a recording format in which data that is error detection and correction coded with a product code is segmented and recorded to a plurality of sectors.