Abstract: A work management method includes storing work data associating a determined work type that represents work performed in a first work region and has been determined with work region information that represents the first work region. In addition, the work management method includes estimating an estimated work type that represents work performed by a work device in a second work region, based on operation information that represents operation status of the work device. In addition, the work management method includes outputting region display information that distinctively represents the first work region corresponding to the determined work type and the second work region corresponding to the estimated work type that has not been determined.

Abstract: A treatment tool for an endoscope of the present invention includes a sheath, a balloon provided at the sheath and configured to be expandable to an inflated state from a reduced diameter state by injecting a fluid, a shaft member inserted through an inside of the balloon and configured to extend along a longitudinal axis of the sheath from a distal end of the balloon to a proximal end thereof, and an adhering portion provided on a side of an inner surface of a central portion of the balloon in a direction of the longitudinal axis, formed of an adhering material applied or adhered to the shaft member and configured to hold the central portion in a state in which the central portion is reduced in diameter.

Abstract: A treatment tool for an endoscope includes: a sheath; a balloon provided at a distal end of the sheath, and configured to be expandable from a folded initial shape to an unfolded inflated shape; an inner shaft configured to protrude from a distal end of the balloon through an inside of the balloon; a middle marker; and at least one or more positioning markers provided on the inner shaft independently of the middle marker. The balloon has a proximal end-side region, a distal end-side region, and a middle part. At least one of the positioning markers is positioned on the inner shaft at same a longitudinal position as the proximal end-side region.

Abstract: A treatment tool for an endoscope of the present invention includes a sheath, a balloon provided at the sheath and configured to be expandable to an inflated state from a reduced diameter state by injecting a fluid, a shaft member inserted through an inside of the balloon and configured to extend along a longitudinal axis of the sheath from a distal end of the balloon to a proximal end thereof, and an adhering portion provided on a side of an inner surface of a central portion of the balloon in a direction of the longitudinal axis, formed of an adhering material applied or adhered to the shaft member and configured to hold the central portion in a state in which the central portion is reduced in diameter.

Abstract: A cooling apparatus (1) includes a cooling section (10) and at least one cooling gas supplying section (3) which (i) has at least one spout hole (34c) for spouting a cooling gas to the outside, and (ii) sprays the cooling gas, which has been supplied from cooling section (10), locally onto a plant (101) by spouting the cooling gas from the at least one spout hole (34c).