Abstract: A process for selectively producing 1-butene comprises contacting at least one antifouling agent with at least one aluminum alkyl compound to form at least one antifouling compound in a first step. The antifouling compound may comprise a structure comprising a central aluminum molecule bound to an R1 group, bound to an R2 group, and bound to an R3 group. The process further comprises feeding the antifouling compound, an additional amount of the aluminum alkyl compound, at least one titanate compound, and ethylene into a reactor to dimerize ethylene in a second step. The titanate compound is fed as a stream separated from the streams of the antifouling compound and the additional amount of the aluminum alkyl compound. The molar ratio of the sum of the aluminum alkyl compound to the titanate compound is equal to or higher than 1.5 and equal to or lower than 3.0.

Abstract: Provided here are catalyst compositions containing tungsten oxide on silica supports and prepared by spray drying a mixture containing a tungsten precursor, silica support, and a surfactant. Also provided here are methods of using the catalytic compositions, prepared by spray drying, in an olefin metathesis process to produce propylene from butenes.

Abstract: Processes, systems, and catalysts for the conversion of 2-butene to 1,3-butaidene without the use of steam or, in some embodiments, with a reduced use of steam as compared to prior art processes are provided. The catalyst includes tungsten trioxide (WO3) on an inorganic support includes activated magnesium oxide (MgO) and may be referred to as a “dual catalyst” or a “co-catalyst.” Embodiments of the catalyst. A process for the production of 1,3-butadiene may include contacting a feed stream of 2-butene with a WO3-inorganic support catalyst or a MgO and WO3-inorganic support catalyst and may be performed without steam in the feed stream.

Abstract: Processes and multiple-stage catalyst systems are disclosed for producing propene by at least partially isomerizing butene in an isomerization reaction zone having an isomerization catalyst to form an isomerization reaction product, at least partially metathesizing the isomerization reaction product in a metathesis reaction zone having a metathesis catalyst to form a metathesis reaction product, and at least partially cracking the metathesis reaction product in a cracking reaction zone having a cracking catalyst. The isomerization catalyst may be MgO, and the metathesis catalyst may be a mesoporous silica catalyst support impregnated with a metal oxide. The metathesis reaction zone may be downstream of the isomerization reaction zone, and the cracking reaction zone may be downstream of the metathesis reaction zone.

Abstract: Embodiments of processes and multiple-stage catalyst systems for producing propylene comprising introducing a hydrocarbon stream comprising 2-butene to an isomerization catalyst zone to isomerize the 2-butene to 1-butene, passing the 2-butene and 1-butene to a metathesis catalyst zone to cross-metathesize the 2-butene and 1-butene into a metathesis product stream comprising propylene and C4-C6 olefins, and cracking the metathesis product stream in a catalyst cracking zone to produce propylene. The isomerization catalyst zone comprises a silica-alumina catalyst with a ratio by weight of alumina to silica from 1:99 to 20:80. The metathesis catalyst comprises a mesoporous silica catalyst support impregnated with metal oxide. The catalyst cracking zone comprises a mordenite framework inverted (MFI) structured silica catalyst.

Abstract: Processes and multiple-stage catalyst systems are disclosed for producing propylene from butene by at least partially metathesizing butene in a metathesizing reaction zone having a metathesis catalyst to form a metathesis reaction product and at least partially cracking the metathesis reaction product in a cracking reaction zone having a cracking catalyst to form a cracking reaction product that includes propylene. The metathesis catalyst may be a mesoporous silica-alumina catalyst support impregnated with metal oxide having a mesoporous silica-alumina catalyst support comprising from 5 weight percent to 50 weight percent alumina. The cracking catalyst may be a MFI structured silica-containing catalyst. The cracking reaction zone may be downstream of the metathesis reaction zone.

Abstract: In one preferred embodiment, the present invention provides a process for the liquid phase polymerization of isobutylene to manufacture highly reactive PIB oligomers having Mn under 1000, using a catalyst composition comprising a Friedel-Crafts catalyst a complexing agent, a chain transfer agent and a polymerization-retarding agent. A chain transfer agent may be selected from: ?-DIB and ?-DIB and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: A PIB derivative suitable for use as a fuel additive or lubricant additive prepared from a reactive low molecular weight polyisobutylene composition comprising at least 50 mol percent alpha vinylidene terminated polyisobutylene molecules, the composition having a polydispersity of no more than 1.5 and a number average molecular weight of at least 500 Daltons and no more than 1000 Daltons. The derivative is selected from the group consisting of: alkyl hydroxyaromatic compounds; alkyl alkoxy aromatic compounds; polyisobutenylsuccinic anhydrides; polyisobutenylsuccinimides; PIB-amine compounds; sulfurized PIB compounds; and Mannich condensation products of an alkylated hydroxyaromatic compound.

Abstract: A PIB derivative suitable for use as a fuel additive or lubricant additive prepared from a reactive low molecular weight polyisobutylene composition comprising at least 50 mol percent alpha vinylidene terminated polyisobutylene molecules, the composition having a polydispersity of no more than 1.5 and a number average molecular weight of at least 500 Daltons and no more than 1000 Daltons. The derivative is selected from the group consisting of: alkyl hydroxyaromatic compounds; alkyl alkoxy aromatic compounds; polyisobutenylsuccinic anhydrides; polyisobutenylsuccinimides; PIB-amine compounds; sulfurized PIB compounds; and Mannich condensation products of an alkylated hydroxyaromatic compound.

Abstract: In one preferred embodiment, the present invention provides a process for the liquid phase polymerization of isobutylene to manufacture highly reactive PIB oligomers having Mn under 1000, using a catalyst composition comprising a Friedel-Crafts catalyst a complexing agent, a chain transfer agent and a polymerization-retarding agent. A chain transfer agent may be selected from: ?-DIB and ?-DIB and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: In one preferred embodiment, the present invention provides a process for the liquid phase polymerization of isobutylene to manufacture highly reactive PIB oligomers having Mn under 1000, using a catalyst composition comprising a Friedel-Crafts catalyst a complexing agent, a chain transfer agent and a polymerization-retarding agent. A chain transfer agent may be selected from: ?-DIB and ?-DIB and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: A mid-range vinylidene content, high viscosity PIB polymer composition including PIB molecules, wherein a first portion of the PIB molecules have alpha position double bonds and a second portion of the PIB molecules have beta position double bonds, and the first and second portions together include at least 80 mole % of the PIB molecules of the composition. The first portion includes less than 75 mole % of the PIB molecules of the composition. Additionally, no more than 10 mole % of the PIB molecules of the composition have tetra-substituted double bonds, while the composition is further characterized by having a polydispersity of no more than 2.7 and in that the composition has a kinematic viscosity in the range of 3000 cSt to 5000 cSt, a number average molecular weight, Mn, in the range of 2800 Daltons to 4000 Daltons and a ratio of Mn:PDI of greater than 1100.

Abstract: A method of making a polyisobutylene polymer in a recirculating loop reactor with one or more reaction tubes in contact with a heat transfer medium includes controlling the delta P and polymerization reaction to provide a linear velocity of the reaction mixture of at least 11 ft/sec in the one or more tubes of the loop reactor and/or controlling the delta P and polymerization reaction of steps (b) and (c) to provide a recirculation ratio of the recirculation rate to the feed rate of at least 30:1. Typically, the process utilizes a recirculating pump operating at a pressure differential of from 35 psi to 70 psi.

Abstract: A method of making a polyisobutylene polymer in a recirculating loop reactor with one or more reaction tubes in contact with a heat transfer medium includes controlling the delta P and polymerization reaction to provide a linear velocity of the reaction mixture of at least 11 ft/sec in the one or more tubes of the loop reactor and/or controlling the delta P and polymerization reaction of steps (b) and (c) to provide a recirculation ratio of the recirculation rate to the feed rate of at least 30:1. Typically, the process utilizes a recirculating pump operating at a at a pressure differential of from 35 psi to 70 psi.

Abstract: A method of making a polyisobutylene polymer in a recirculating loop reactor with one or more reaction tubes in contact with a heat transfer medium includes: (a) providing a feed mixture consisting essentially of polymerizable monomer and catalyst to a residual reactor stream at a feed rate to form a reaction mixture, the reaction mixture containing less than 5% by weight diluent components; (b) recirculating the reaction mixture in the one or more reaction tubes of the loop reactor at a recirculation rate greater than the feed rate utilizing a recirculating pump operating at a pressure differential, delta P, corresponding to a recirculating flow; (c) polymerizing the reaction mixture in the one or more tubes of the loop reactor to convert the feed mixture to polyisobutylene polymer while cooling the one or more tubes of the loop reactor with the heat transfer medium; and (e) withdrawing polyisobutylene polymer from the loop reactor.

Abstract: A method of making a polyisobutylene polymer in a recirculating loop reactor with one or more reaction tubes in contact with a heat transfer medium includes controlling the delta P and polymerization reaction to provide a linear velocity of the reaction mixture of at least 11 ft/sec in the one or more tubes of the loop reactor and/or controlling the delta P and polymerization reaction of steps (b) and (c) to provide a recirculation ratio of the recirculation rate to the feed rate of at least 30:1. Typically, the process utilizes a recirculating pump operating at a at a pressure differential of from 35 psi to 70 psi.

Abstract: In one preferred embodiment, the present invention provides a process for the liquid phase polymerization of isobutylene to manufacture highly reactive PIB oligomers having Mn under 1000, using a catalyst composition comprising a Friedel-Crafts catalyst a complexing agent, a chain transfer agent and a polymerization-retarding agent. A chain transfer agent may be selected from: ?-DIB and ?-DIB and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: A method of making a polyisobutylene polymer in a recirculating loop reactor with one or more reaction tubes in contact with a heat transfer medium includes: (a) providing a feed mixture consisting essentially of polymerizable monomer and catalyst to a residual reactor stream at a feed rate to form a reaction mixture, the reaction mixture containing less than 5% by weight diluent components; (b) recirculating the reaction mixture in the one or more reaction tubes of the loop reactor at a recirculation rate greater than the feed rate utilizing a recirculating pump operating at a pressure differential, delta P, corresponding to a recirculating flow; (c) polymerizing the reaction mixture in the one or more tubes of the loop reactor to convert the feed mixture to polyisobutylene polymer while cooling the one or more tubes of the loop reactor with the heat transfer medium; and (e) withdrawing polyisobutylene polymer from the loop reactor.

Abstract: A mid-range vinylidene content, high viscosity PIB polymer composition including PIB molecules, wherein a first portion of the PIB molecules have alpha position double bonds and a second portion of the PIB molecules have beta position double bonds, and the first and second portions together include at least 80 mole % of the PIB molecules of the composition. The first portion includes less than 75 mole % of the PIB molecules of the composition. Additionally, no more than 10 mole % of the PIB molecules of the composition have tetra-substituted double bonds, while the composition is further characterized by having a polydispersity of no more than 2.7 and in that the composition has a kinematic viscosity in the range of 3000 cSt to 5000 cSt, a number average molecular weight, Mn, in the range of 2800 Daltons to 4000 Daltons and a ratio of Mn:PDI of greater than 1100.

Abstract: A method of making a polyisobutylene polymer in a recirculating loop reactor with one or more reaction tubes in contact with a heat transfer medium includes controlling the delta P and polymerization reaction to provide a linear velocity of the reaction mixture of at least 11 ft/sec in the one or more tubes of the loop reactor and/or controlling the delta P and polymerization reaction of steps (b) and (c) to provide a recirculation ratio of the recirculation rate to the feed rate of at least 30:1. Typically, the process utilizes a recirculating pump operating at a pressure differential of from 35 psi to 70 psi.