Abstract: A bioelectrochemical system includes a housing defining an internal chamber. A barrier is disposed within the housing and at least partially separates the internal chamber into first and second compartments. The first compartment including at least one of autotrophic or heterotrophic microorganisms disposed therein. A cathode is disposed within the first compartment and is coupled to a power supply, and an anode is disposed within the second compartment and is coupled to the power supply. The carbon dioxide received within the first chamber is transformed into an organic compound.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for dynamically determining the execution mode of a reconfigurable array are provided. Performance information of a loop may be obtained before and/or during the execution of the loop. The performance information may be used to determine whether to operate the apparatus in a very long instruction word (VLIW) mode or in a coarse grained array (CGA) mode.

Abstract: A reconfigurable processor which merges an inner loop and an outer loop which are included in a nested loop and allocates the merged loop to processing elements in parallel, thereby reducing processing time to process the nested loop. The reconfigurable processor may extract loop execution frequency information from the inner loop and the outer loop of the nested loop, and may merge the inner loop and the outer loop based on the extracted loop execution frequency information.

Abstract: Provided are a reconfigurable processor, which is capable of reducing the probability of an incorrect computation by analyzing the dependence between memory access instructions and allocating the memory access instructions between a plurality of processing elements (PEs) based on the results of the analysis, and a method of controlling the reconfigurable processor. The reconfigurable processor extracts an execution trace from simulation results, and analyzes the memory dependence between instructions included in different iterations based on parts of the execution trace of memory access instructions.

Abstract: A debugging apparatus and method are provided. The debugging apparatus may include a breakpoint setting unit configured to store a first instruction corresponding to a breakpoint in a table, stop a program currently being executed, and insert a breakpoint instruction including current location information of the first instruction into the breakpoint; and an instruction execution unit configured to selectively execute one of the breakpoint instruction and the first instruction according to a value of a status bit.

Abstract: Provided are a computing apparatus based on a reconfigurable architecture and a memory dependence correction method thereof. In one general aspect, a computing apparatus has a reconfigurable architecture. The computing apparatus may include: a reconfiguration unit having processing elements configured to reconfigure data paths between one or more of the processing elements; a compiler configured to analyze instructions to generate reconfiguration information for reconfiguring one or more of the reconfigurable data paths; a configuration memory configured to store the reconfiguration information; and a processor configured to execute the instructions through the reconfiguration unit, and to correct at least one memory dependency among the processing elements.

Abstract: A technology for reducing pipeline a control hazard is provided. A conditional branch is processed through a conditional branch prediction, and a predetermined conditional branch prediction, which is determined as incorrect, may be modified through a following test for the conditional branch prediction, thereby reducing the pipeline control hazard quickly without additional hardware.

Abstract: Enhanced contaminant degradation systems via rapid transfer of electrons in an environment or matrix through bioelectrochemical electron transfer circuitry, electron transfer conduit and conductive materials. Specialized circuitry may be used with respect to the anode, cathode, and transmission line design including floating cathodes, anchored anodes, and the like.

Abstract: Systems for enhanced in-situ or perhaps even ex-situ biogenic methane production from hydrocarbon-bearing formations (1) including coal seam, oil shale, coal, coal derivates and the like are presented in embodiments such as but not limited to: increasing and perhaps even selection of microbial populations (2), amending CBM water and other microbe-containing media, diminishing sulfate reduction competition, enhancing organic matter concentrations and generation of biogenic methane (10), universally treating hydrocarbon-bearing formations, and introducing amendments (3) to hydrocarbon-bearing formations.

Abstract: A system includes first and second wells. The first well has a first tube that extends from a first well head to a first end disposed within a coal seam. The second well is disposed at a distance from the first well and includes a second tube that extends from a second well head to a second end disposed within the coal seam. A pump is coupled to the first well and is configured to supply the first tube with pressurized fluid that includes nutrients for methanogenesis. At least a portion of the pressurized fluid introduced into the first tube of the first well is received within the second tube of the second well by way of the coal seam.

Abstract: Embodiments include treatments for acid mine drainage generation sources (10 perhaps by injection of at least one substrate (11) and biologically constructing a protective biofilm (13) on acid mine drainage generation source materials (14). Further embodiments include treatments for degradation of contaminated water environments (17) with substrates such as returned milk and the like.

Abstract: Methods and systems to achieve clean fuel processing systems in which carbon dioxide emissions (1) from fossil fuel consumption sources (2) may be processed in at least one processing reactor (4) containing a plurality of chemoautotrophic bacteria (5) which can convert the carbon dioxide emissions into biomass (6) which may then be used for various products (21) such as biofuels, fertilizer, feedstock, or the like. Sulfate reducing bacteria (13) may be used to supply sulfur containing compounds to the chemoautotrophic bacteria (5).

Abstract: The description relates to an instruction fetch technology of a processor that processes a plurality of instructions in parallel. The processor exploits the use of a compression code fetched during a previous clock cycle when fetching compressed instructions from a program memory and creating an instruction bundle consisting of a sequence of instructions to be processed in parallel. A compression buffer is interposed between the program memory and an instruction decompression unit, such that a compression code read in a previous clock cycle is ready at the beginning of a decompression cycle of the subsequent instruction bundle thereby avoiding a delay due to memory read latency.

Abstract: A reconfigurable array is provided. The reconfigurable array includes a Very Long Instruction Word (VLIW) mode and a Coarse-Grained Array (CGA) mode. When the VLIW mode is converted to the CGA mode, instead of sharing a central register file between the VLIW mode and the CGA mode, live data to be used in the CGA mode is copied from the central register file to local register files.

Abstract: A memory managing apparatus and method are provided. The memory managing apparatus may determine, based on a pointer indicator bit, the target memory area on which garbage collection is to be performed, and may perform the garbage collection on the target memory area. The memory managing apparatus may generate the pointer indicator bit and store the generated pointer indicator bit in a pointer field.

Abstract: A processor for supporting a MIMO operation and method of processing a MIMO instruction are provided. The MIMO operation supporting processor may include a scheduler and at least one functional unit. The scheduler may map multiple inputs of the MIMO instruction to a plurality of sequential input cycles, respectively, and may map multiple outputs of the MIMO instruction to a plurality of sequential output cycles, respectively. The output cycles may be followed by the input cycles and a predetermined number of cycles for a MIMO operation. A functional unit may read a register during sequential input cycles, may perform a MIMO operation during a predetermined number of execution cycles, and may write the result of the MIMO operation into a register during sequential output cycles.

Abstract: An instruction compressing apparatus and method for a parallel processing computer such as a very long instruction word (VLIW) computer, are provided. The instruction compressing apparatus includes a bundle code generating unit, an instruction compressing unit, and an instruction converting unit. The bundle code generating unit may generate a bundle code in response to an input of instructions to be compressed. The bundle code may indicate whether a current instruction group is terminated, and also whether an instruction group following the current instruction group is a no-operation (NOP) instruction group. The instruction compressing unit may remove a NOP instruction and/or a NOP instruction group from the input instructions according to the generated bundle code. The instruction converting unit may include the generated bundle code in the remaining instructions which have not been removed by the instruction compressing unit.

Abstract: Method of bioconversion of coal to methane, carbon dioxide, and other valuable gaseous and liquid products in a multi-step process that may include particle size reduction, separation of non-coal materials, addition of chemicals, and multi-stage anaerobic fermentation are disclosed.

Abstract: Calcium carbonate (CaCO3; calcite) and CaCO3-containing materials are known to have high adsorption capacities for polar organic compounds. This invention includes the use of CaCO3 and CaC O3-containing materials (e.g., synthetic calcite, calcite coated sorbents) and their mixture with other materials (e.g., activated carbon, resins) for removing bioagents (viruses, bacteria, hormones, pharmaceutical intermediates, and other hazardous biological agents) from waters.

Abstract: Systems for enhanced in-situ or perhaps even ex-situ biogenic methane production from hydrocarbon-bearing formations (1) including coal seam, oil shale, coal, coal derivates and the like are presented in embodiments such as but not limited to: increasing and perhaps even selection of microbial populations (2), amending CBM water and other microbe-containing media, diminishing sulfate reduction competition, enhancing organic matter concentrations and generation of biogenic methane (10), universally treating hydrocarbon-bearing formations, and introducing amendments (3) to hydrocarbon-bearing formations.