Abstract: There is disclosed a process for the production of dodecanedioic acid and 11-aminoundecanoic acid, comprising: (1) reacting castor oil with a primary or secondary amine to form a amide; (2) isomerizing the amide in the presence of a catalyst to form ketoamide; (3) reacting the ketoamide with hydroxylamine to form the oximeamide; (4) subjecting the oximeamide to Beckmann rearrangement to yield a mixture of two diamides; and (5) hydrolyzing the mixed diamides to produce dodecanedioic acid, 11-aminoundecanoic acid, hexylamine and heptanoic acid.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for producing taurine by subjecting an ammonia solution ammonium isethionate in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst and hydrogen to an ammonolysis reaction to form ammonium taurinate. Taurine is obtained by decomposing ammonium taurinate to taurine and ammonia and recovered by solid-liquid separation.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for producing taurine by reacting 2-oxazolidinone with ammonium sulfite, or ammonium bisulfite, or a mixture of ammonium sulfite and ammonium bisulfite in an aqueous solution to form ammonium taurinate and ammonium bicarbonate. Taurine is obtained by decomposing ammonium taurinate to taurine and ammonia and recovered by solid-liquid separation.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for producing taurine by subjecting an ammonia solution ammonium isethionate in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst and hydrogen to an ammonolysis reaction to form ammonium taurinate. Taurine is obtained by decomposing ammonium taurinate to taurine and ammonia and recovered by solid-liquid separation.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for the separation of long chain amino acid and long chain dibasic acid, comprising: (1) adding an ammonium salt to the mixture of alkali salts of long chain amino acid and long chain dibasic acid; (2) heating to remove ammonia; and (3) separating long chain amino acid by solid-liquid separation; and (4) acidifying the salt of long chain dibasic acid with an acid to separate long chain dibasic acid.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for the production of dodecanedioic acid and 11-aminoundecanoic acid, comprising: (1) reacting castor oil with a primary or secondary amine to form a amide; (2) isomerizing the amide in the presence of a catalyst to form ketoamide; (3) reacting the ketoamide with hydroxylamine to form the oximeamide; (4) subjecting the oximeamide to Beckmann rearrangement to yield a mixture of two diamides; and (5) hydrolyzing the mixed diamides to produce dodecanedioic acid, 11-aminoundecanoic acid, hexylamine and heptanoic acid.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for the production of long chain amino acid and long chain dibasic acid, comprising: (1) reacting long chain keto fatty acid with hydroxylamine or subjecting keto fatty acid to an ammoximation reaction to yield an oxime fatty acid; (2) reacting the oxime fatty acid with an alcohol or a primary amine or a secondary amine to prepare an ester or amide; (3) subjecting the oxime fatty acid ester or amide to the Beckmann rearrangement to yield a mixture of two amide fatty acids; (4) hydrolyzing the mixed amide fatty acids to produce long chain amino acid, long chain dibasic acid, short chain alkylamine, and alkanoic acid.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for the separation of long chain amino acid and long chain dibasic acid, comprising: (1) cooling the hydrolysis solution to crystallize and separate alkali salt of long chain dibasic acid to provide an aqueous solvent solution; (2) distilling the aqueous solvent solution of step (1) to recover the solvent and to recover alkylamine; (3) cooling the residual solution of step (2) to precipitate and separate alkali salt of long chain amino acid to provide a mother liquor; (4) adding an acid to the mother liquor of step (3) to yield alkanoic acid; (5) adding an acid to an aqueous solution of the alkali salt of long chain dibasic acid of step (1) to obtain long chain dibasic acid; and (6) neutralizing the alkali salt of long chain amino acid of step (3) with an acid to obtain long chain amino acid.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for the separation of long chain amino acid and long chain dibasic acid, comprising: (1) recovering alkylamine from an aqueous solution of an alkali hydroxide hydrolysis of the mixed amide derivatives by distilling or by extracting with an extractant solvent; (2) cooling the aqueous solution of step (1) to precipitate a mixed alkali salts of long chain amino acid and dibasic acid; (3) recovering the mixed alkali salts of long chain amino acid and dibasic acid to provide a mother liquor; (4) separating long chain amino acid and dibasic acid by acidification-extraction of long chain dibasic acid with an extractant solvent or by selective dissolution of alkali salt of long chain amino acid in an aqueous solvent; and (4) adding an acid to the mother liquor of step (3) to obtain alkanoic acid.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for the purification of long chain amino acids by recrystallization in an aqueous solution of organic carboxylic acid in the absence or presence of solvent, comprising: (1) dissolving a long chain amino acid in an aqueous solution of organic carboxylic acid by heating; (2) cooling the solution of step (1) to crystallize the long chain amino acid; and (3) recovering the long chain amino acid of step (2) by means of solid-liquid separation.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for producing taurine by reacting 2-oxazolidinone with ammonium sulfite, or ammonium bisulfite, or a mixture of ammonium sulfite and ammonium bisulfite in an aqueous solution to form ammonium taurinate and ammonium bicarbonate. Taurine is obtained by decomposing ammonium taurinate to taurine and ammonia and recovered by solid-liquid separation.

Abstract: There is disclosed a cyclic process for producing alkali taurinate from a solution comprising alkali tritaurinate and isethionate by the ammonolysis in the presence of one or more catalysts. The ammonolysis reaction is catalyzed by alkali salts of hydroxide, sulfate, sulfite, phosphate, or carbonate. Taurine or alkali taurinate is prepared in a yield from 90% to quantitative from alkali isethionate.

Abstract: There is disclosed a cyclic process for producing alkali taurinate from a solution comprising alkali ditaurinate and alkali tritaurinate by the ammonolysis in the presence of one or more catalysts. The ammonolysis reaction is catalyzed by alkali salts of hydroxide, sulfate, sulfite, phosphate, or carbonate. Taurine or alkali taurinate is prepared in a yield from 90% to quantitative by successive ammonolysis.

Abstract: There is disclosed a cyclic process for producing alkali taurinate from a solution comprising alkali tritaurinate by the ammonolysis in the presence of one or more catalysts. The ammonolysis reaction is catalyzed by alkali salts of hydroxide, sulfate, sulfite, phosphate, or carbonate. Taurine or alkali taurinate is prepared in a yield from 90% to quantitative.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for the co-production of long chain ?-amino acid and long chain dibasic acid, comprising: (1) reacting long chain ketoacid derivative with hydroxylamine or subjecting ketoacid derivative to an ammoximation to yield oxime derivative; (2) subjecting oxime derivative to Beckmann rearrangement to yield a mixture of mixed amide derivatives; (3) hydrolyzing the mixed amide derivatives to produce long chain ?-amino acid and long chain dibasic acid.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for the separation of long chain dibasic acid and fatty acid, comprising: (1) reacting a mixture of long chain dibasic acid and fatty acid with ammonium hydroxide to form an insoluble ammonium salt of fatty acid and a soluble ammonium salt of long chain dibasic acid; (2) recovering the insoluble ammonium salt of fatty acid; and (3) adding an acid to the mother liquor of step (2) to obtain the long chain dibasic acid.

Abstract: A process for producing taurine from alkali ditaurinate or alkali tritaurinate, or their mixture, comprising the conversion of alkali ditaurinate to dialkali ditaurinate or alkali tritaurinate to trialkali tritaurinate, or their mixture, the ammonolysis reaction of ammonia added to a solution of dialkali ditaurinate or trialkali tritaurinate, or their mixture, to yield alkali taurinate, removing excess ammonia from the foregoing and neutralizing alkali taurinates with an acid to form a crystalline suspension of taurine, and recovering taurine by means of solid-liquid separation.

Abstract: A process for producing taurine from alkali ditaurinate or alkali tritaurinate, or their mixture, comprising the conversion of alkali ditaurinate to dialkali ditaurinate or alkali tritaurinate to trialkali tritaurinate, or their mixture, the ammonolysis reaction of ammonia added to a solution of dialkali ditaurinate or trialkali tritaurinate, or their mixture, to yield alkali taurinate, removing excess ammonia from the foregoing and neutralizing alkali taurinates with an acid to form a crystalline suspension of taurine, and recovering taurine by means of solid-liquid separation.

Abstract: A process for producing taurine from alkali ditaurinate or alkali tritaurinate, or their mixture, comprising the conversion of alkali ditaurinate to dialkali ditaurinate or alkali tritaurinate to trialkali tritaurinate, or their mixture, the ammonolysis reaction of ammonia added to a solution of dialkali ditaurinate or trialkali tritaurinate, or their mixture, to yield alkali taurinate, removing excess ammonia from the foregoing and neutralizing alkali taurinates with an acid to form a crystalline suspension of taurine, and recovering taurine by means of solid-liquid separation.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for producing taurine by the ammonolysis of alkali isethionate in the presence of alkali ditaurinate or alkali tritaurinate, or their mixture, to inhibit the formation of byproducts and to continuously convert the byproducts of the ammonolysis reaction to alkali taurinate. The production yield is increased to from 90% to nearly quantitative. The ammonolysis reaction is catalyzed by alkali salts of hydroxide, sulfate, sulfite, phosphate, or carbonate.