Abstract: Provided are a system and method for providing a document based on a personal network. The document providing system may include a community searching unit to search for a community associated with a first document prepared by a first user, a document registration unit to register the first document in the searched community, and to receive a second document, associated with the first document, registered by a second user included in the community, and a document providing unit to provide the second document associated with the first document. According to embodiments of the present invention, a response that the first user may desire may be provided by receiving a response, registered by the second user included in the community associated with the first user, with respect to the document prepared by the first user.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions and methods relating to an interleukin18-inducible cytokine termed tumor necrosis factor-alpha inducing factor (TAIF) or interleukin-32 (IL-32). In particular, the present invention provides compositions and methods for treating autoimmune diseases and cancer, in part by regulation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha expression.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display, the liquid crystal display comprises a plurality of gate lines which includes a first gate line, a transformation gate line, and a second gate line; a data line; and a pixel, wherein the pixel includes a first liquid crystal capacitor which includes a first sub-pixel electrode and a common electrode and a second liquid crystal capacitor which includes a second sub-pixel electrode and a common electrode; a first switching element connected to the first gate line, the data line, and the first sub-pixel electrode; a second switching element connected to the first gate line, the data line, and the second sub-pixel electrode; a third switching element connected to the transformation gate line and the second switching element; a transformation capacitor which includes a first terminal connected to the second gate line and a second terminal connected to the third switching element; and a first period where a gate-on voltage Von is applied to the first gate line and a second period where the

Abstract: Provided are a sensor array substrate, a display device including the same, and a method of manufacturing the sensor array substrate. The sensor array substrate includes: a substrate; a plurality of pixel regions defined by intersections of gate wirings and data wirings on the substrate; and a plurality of first sensor units and a plurality of second sensor units which are formed in the pixel regions. The first sensor units sense light in an infrared wavelength range, the second sensor units sense light in a visible wavelength range, two first sensor units that are disposed adjacent to each other in a data wiring direction form a first group, and two second sensor units that are disposed adjacent to each other in the data wiring direction form a second group. The first and second groups are alternately arranged in the data wiring direction and a gate wiring direction.

Abstract: A metal wiring of a semiconductor device includes a semiconductor substrate; an insulating layer provided with a damascene pattern formed over the semiconductor substrate; a diffusion barrier layer which contains a RuO2 layer formed on a surface of the damascene pattern and an Al deposit-inhibiting layer formed on a portion of the RuO2 layer in both-side upper portion of the damascene pattern; and a wiring metal layer including Al formed on the diffusion barrier layer by MOCVD method in order to fill the damascene pattern.

Abstract: Disclosed are a transistor and a method for fabricating the same capable of increasing a threshold voltage and a driving current of the transistor. The method includes the steps of forming a first etch mask on a silicon substrate, forming a trench by etching the exposed isolation area, forming a first insulation layer in the trench and the first etch mask, forming a second insulation layer on the first insulation layer, removing the second insulation layer and the first insulation layer until the first etch mask is exposed, forming a trench type isolation layer on the isolation area, forming a second etch mask on an entire surface of the silicon substrate, etching the exposed channel area, performing an etching process with respect to a resultant substrate structure, and forming a gate in the recess.

Abstract: A metal wiring of a semiconductor device includes a semiconductor substrate; an insulating layer provided with a damascene pattern formed over the semiconductor substrate; a diffusion barrier layer which contains a RuO2 layer formed on a surface of the damascene pattern and an Al deposit-inhibiting layer formed on a portion of the RuO2 layer in both-side upper portion of the damascene pattern; and a wiring metal layer including Al formed on the diffusion barrier layer by MOCVD method in order to fill the damascene pattern.

Abstract: A crane for loading and unloading a cargo includes multi-stage trolley. The multi-stage trolley for a crane includes a first trolley movable in a longitudinal direction along a boom of the crane; a second trolley movable in a lateral direction on the first trolley; a hoisting wire provided in the longitudinal direction along the boom; spreader connected to the hoisting wire through the first trolley and the second trolley and supported by the hoisting wire, the spreader being movable in a vertical direction according to a movement of the hoisting wire. The multi-stage trolley further includes a sheave block unit for changing a direction of the hoisting wire to maintain a vertical level of the spreader constant when the first trolley and/or the second trolley is moved.

Abstract: A method for preparing fatty acid alkyl ester for bio-diesel fuel is disclosed, wherein fatty acid, specifically fatty acid distillate reacts with alcohol. The method does not require the glycerin purification process, and has the superior conversion ratio of fatty acid. The method for preparing fatty acid alkyl ester for bio-diesel fuel comprises the step of carrying out a counter current type esterification reaction of fatty acid and alcohol in each tray of a counter current column reactor at a temperature of 200 to 350 and a pressure of 1 to 35 bar. Here the raw material of the fatty acid is fed to an upper part of the counter current column reactor and the alcohol is fed to a lower part of the counter current column reactor. The counter current column reactor has a number of trays which are installed horizontally to have a number of vertical compartments. Each of the number of trays has an opening part at one end thereof to communicate one compartment with an adjoining compartment.

Abstract: A multi-layer metal wiring of a semiconductor device and a method for forming the same are disclosed. The multi-layer metal wiring of the semiconductor device includes a lower Cu wiring, and an upper Al wiring formed to be contacted with the lower Cu wiring, and a diffusion barrier layer interposed between the lower Cu wiring and the upper Al wiring. The diffusion barrier layer is formed of a W-based layer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for preparing biodegradable polymer stereocomplexes using a supercritical fluid-organic solvent system and polymer stereocomplexes prepared by such methods. The method of the present invention involves introducing two types of homopolymers having different stereostructures and a small amount of organic solvent into a reactor, adding a supercritical fluid thereto, followed by applying a specific temperature and pressure to form a polymer stereocomplex having a crystalline structure. According to the method of the present invention, biodegradable polymer stereocomplexes in the form of powder or porous foam having excellent thermal and mechanical stabilities can be prepared in a simple, economical and environmentally-friendly manner in a single process.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions and methods relating to an interleukin18-inducible cytokine termed tumor necrosis factor-alpha inducing factor (TAIF) or interleukin-32 (IL-32). In particular, the present invention provides compositions and methods for treating autoimmune diseases and cancer, in part by regulation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha expression.

Abstract: A crane spreader for use in lifting a container includes an attachment unit, a head block, a frame unit, a position adjustment unit and a fixation unit. The attachment unit detachably attaches the crane spreader to an upper surface of the container. The head block has a pulley connected to a trolley of a crane through a cable and coupled to the attachment unit to restrict a horizontal movement the attachment unit with respect to the head block. The frame unit is supported by the head block to be horizontally movable with respect to the head block, the frame unit being disposed below the head block with a gap therebetween. The position adjustment unit aligns the frame unit with the container by displacing the frame unit with respect to the attachment unit. The fixation unit engages the container with the frame unit.

Abstract: Disclosed is an organic light emitting display. In the organic light emitting display, a substrate is divided into a display region, in which an image is displayed, and a non-display region surrounding the display region. The organic light emitting display includes a plurality of pixels provided on the display region. At least one thin film transistor is formed on the non-display region. The display region includes a first electrode connected to the thin film transistor, an organic light emitting layer formed on the first electrode, and a second electrode formed on the organic light emitting layer to apply voltage to the organic light emitting layer with the first electrode. A light blocking layer having an opening formed below the semiconductor layer is formed on the non-display region.

Abstract: A nanofiber, which is prepared by using a fabrication method comprising the steps of spinning a spinning solution prepared by dissolving at least one precursor for metal, metal oxide, or metal complex oxide with a polymer mixture comprising at least two polymers having different molecular weights and glass transition temperatures in a solvent and thermally treating the spun fiber, comprises close-packed nanoparticles of a metal, a metal oxide, a metal complex oxide or a mixture thereof and has excellent structural, thermal, and mechanical stability as well as a uniform fiber-shape.

Abstract: An organic light emitting display includes a first substrate having a plurality of pixel areas, a driving transistor disposed on the first substrate, an organic layer disposed on the driving transistor, a first electrode disposed on the organic layer and electrically connected to the driving transistor, an insulating layer pattern disposed on the organic layer, the insulating layer pattern having a first opening corresponding to each pixel area, a bank pattern disposed on the insulating layer pattern, the bank pattern having a second opening corresponding to the first opening, an organic light emitting layer disposed in the first and second openings, and a second electrode disposed on the organic light emitting layer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods of screening for modulators of interleukin 32 (IL-32), to modulators of IL-32 and to their use.

Abstract: A method for preparing fatty acid alkyl ester for bio-diesels is disclosed, wherein fatty acid, specifically fatty acid distillate reacts with alcohol in the presence of metal catalyst instead of conventional acid or solid acid catalyst. The method does not require the glycerin purification process, and has the superior conversion ratio of fatty acid. The method for preparing fatty acid alkyl ester comprises the step of carrying out an esterification reaction of fatty acid raw material with alcohol in the presence of metal catalyst. Preferably, the esterification reaction is carried out at the temperature of 200 to 350° C. and the pressure of atmospheric pressure to 10 bar, and the metal catalyst is a compound containing metal selected from the group consisting of cobalt, iron, manganese, zinc, titanium and mixture thereof.

Abstract: The invention provides mutants of IL-18 with lower affinity to IL-18BP than the wild type IL-18 molecule.

Abstract: A multi-layered metal line of a semiconductor device includes a semiconductor substrate; a lower metal line formed on the semiconductor substrate and recessed on a surface thereof; an insulation layer formed on the semiconductor substrate including the lower metal line and having a damascene pattern for exposing a recessed portion of the lower metal line and for delimiting an upper metal line forming region; a glue layer formed on a surface of the recessed portion of the lower metal line; a first diffusion barrier formed on the glue layer to fill the recessed portion of the lower metal line; a second diffusion barrier formed on the glue layer and the first diffusion barrier; a third diffusion barrier formed on the second diffusion barrier and a surface of the damascene pattern; and an upper metal line formed on the third diffusion barrier to fill the damascene pattern.